What process in emphysema causes the reduction in lung surface area?

Differentiate between the respiratory membrane and the respiratory mucosa.

List the functions of the paranasal sinuses.

What is the function of the auditory tube?

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Describe, in decreasing order of size, the air tubes of the lung.

What constitutes an upper respiratory infection?

Describe rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis.

What is IRDS? What substance is missing from the lung that causes IRDS?

Describe the pleura. What is the function of pleural fluid?

What is atelectasis?

Describe Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

Differentiate between external, internal, and cellular respiration.

Explain the mechanical process of inspiration.

Explain the mechanical process of expiration.

Explain how the Po2 and the Pco2 impacts how gas is exchanged between the lung and the blood, and the blood and the tissues.

Identify the two most important control centers in the medulla for regulating breathing rhythm.

Name and explain the volumes that make up vital capacity.

Explain the function of chemoreceptors in regulating breathing.

Explain the function of stretch receptors in regulating breathing.

What is bronchitis?

Distinguish between lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia.

How is tuberculosis transmitted from person to person? What is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis?

What process in emphysema causes the reduction in lung surface area?

What occurs to restrict breathing in asthma?

Explain the effect smoking has on the bodys ability to move material trapped in the respiratory mucosa.

After strenuous exercise, inexperienced athletes will quite often attempt to recover and resume normal breathing by bending over or sitting down. Using the mechanics of ventilation, how would you modify the recovery practices of these athletes?

Calculate your vital capacity and total lung capacity if your pulmonary ventilation volumes were as follows: tidal volume500 ml; inspiratory reserve volume3200 ml; expiratory reserve volume 1100 ml; and residual volume1150 ml.

The three volumes that make up vital capacity are , , and .

The volume included in total lung capacity, but not vital capacity, is volume.

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A rhinitis COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A pharyngitis COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A laryngitis COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A deviated septum COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A epistaxis COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A IRDS COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A pneumonia COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A tuberculosis COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A emphysema COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants

Match each disorder in Column A with its description or cause in Column B. Column A asthma COLUMN B a. nosebleed b. a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity c. a chronic bacillus infection that usually affects the lung, caused by a mycobacterium d. an inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx e. a condition in which ruptured alveoli reduce the surface area of the lung, making breathing difficult f. an inflammation of the nasal mucosa g. an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi h. an acute inflammation of the lungs i. an inflammation or infection of the pharynx j. a disease characterized by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli; usually occurs in premature infants