An electron \((mass = 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \ \mathrm{kg})\) leaves one end of a TV picture tube with zero initial speed and travels in a straight line to the accelerating grid, which is 1.80 cm away. It reaches the grid with a speed of \(3.00 \times 10^6 \ \mathrm{m/s}\). If the accelerating force is constant, compute (a) the acceleration; (b) the time to reach the grid; and (c) the net force, in newtons. Ignore the gravitational force on the electron.
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Table of Contents
1
Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
1.1
The Nature Of Physics
1.10
Products Of Vectors
1.2
Solving Physics Problems
1.3
Standards And Units
1.4
Using And Converting Units
1.5
Uncertainty And Significant Figures
1.6
Estimates And Orders Of Magnitude
1.7
Vectors And Vector Addition
1.8
Components Of Vectors
1.9
Unit Vectors
2
Motion Along A Straight Line
2.1
Displacement, Time, And Average Velocity
2.2
Instantaneous Velocity
2.3
Average And Instantaneous Acceleration
2.4
Motion With Constant Acceleration
2.5
Freely Falling Objects
2.6
Velocity And Position By Integration
3
Motion In Two Or Three Dimensions
3.1
Position And Velocity Vectors
3.2
The Acceleration Vector
3.3
Projectile Motion
3.4
Motion In A Circle
3.5
Relative Velocity
4
Newton’s Laws Of Motion
4.1
Force And Interactions
4.2
Newton’s First Law
4.3
Newton’s Second Law
4.4
Mass And Weight
4.5
Newton’s Third Law
4.6
Free-Body Diagrams
5
Applying Newton’s Laws
5.1
Using Newton’s First Law: Particles In Equilibrium
5.2
Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics Of Particles
5.3
Friction Forces
5.4
Dynamics Of Circular Motion
5.5
The Fundamental Forces Of Nature
6
Work And Kinetic Energy
6.1
Work
6.2
Kinetic Energy And The Work–energy Theorem
6.3
Work And Energy With Varying Forces
6.4
Power
7
Potential Energy And Energy Conservation
7.1
Gravitational Potential Energy
7.2
Elastic Potential Energy
7.3
Conservative And Nonconservative Forces
7.4
Force And Potential Energy
7.5
Energy Diagrams
8
Momentum, Impulse, And Collisions
8.1
Momentum And Impulse
8.2
Conservation Of Momentum
8.3
Momentum Conservation And Collisions
8.4
Elastic Collisions
8.5
Center Of Mass
8.6
Rocket Propulsion
9
Rotation Of Rigid Bodies
9.1
Angular Velocity And Acceleration
9.2
Rotation With Constant Angular Acceleration
9.3
Relating Linear And Angular Kinematics
9.4
Energy In Rotational Motion
9.5
Parallel-Axis Theorem
9.6
Moment-Of-Inertia Calculations
10
Dynamics Of Rotational Motion
10.1
Torque
10.2
Torque And Angular Acceleration For A Rigid Body
10.3
Rigid-Body Rotation About A Moving Axis
10.4
Work And Power In Rotational Motion
10.5
Angular Momentum
10.6
Conservation Of Angular Momentum
10.7
Gyroscopes And Precession
11
Equilibrium And Elasticity
11.1
Conditions For Equilibrium
11.2
Center Of Gravity
11.3
Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems
11.4
Stress, Strain, And Elastic Moduli
11.5
Elasticity And Plasticity
12
Fluid Mechanics
12.1
Gases, Liquids, And Density
12.2
Pressure In A Fluid
12.3
Buoyancy
12.4
Fluid Flow
12.5
Bernoulli’s Equation
12.6
Viscosity And Turbulence
13
Gravitation
13.1
Newton’s Law Of Gravitation
13.2
Weight
13.3
Gravitational Potential Energy
13.4
The Motion Of Satellites
13.5
Kepler’s Laws And The Motion Of Planets
13.6
Spherical Mass Distributions
13.7
Apparent Weight And The Earth’s Rotation
13.8
Black Holes
14
Periodic Motion
14.1
Describing Oscillation
14.2
Simple Harmonic Motion
14.3
Energy In Simple Harmonic Motion
14.4
Applications Of Simple Harmonic Motion
14.5
The Simple Pendulum
14.6
The Physical Pendulum
14.7
Damped Oscillations
14.8
Forced Oscillations And Resonance
15
Mechanical Waves
15.1
Types Of Mechanical Waves
15.2
Periodic Waves
15.3
Mathematical Description Of A Wave
15.4
Speed Of A Transverse Wave
15.5
Energy In Wave Motion
15.6
Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, And Superposition
15.7
Standing Waves On A String
15.8
Normal Modes Of A String
16
Sound And Hearing
16.1
Sound Waves
16.2
Speed Of Sound Waves
16.3
Sound Intensity
16.4
Standing Sound Waves And Normal Modes
16.5
Resonance And Sound
16.6
Interference Of Waves
16.7
Beats
16.8
The Doppler Effect
16.9
Shock Waves
17
Temperature And Heat
17.1
Temperature And Thermal Equilibrium
17.2
Thermometers And Temperature Scales
17.3
Gas Thermometers And The Kelvin Scale
17.4
Thermal Expansion
17.5
Quantity Of Heat
17.6
Calorimetry And Phase Changes
17.7
Mechanisms Of Heat Transfer
18
Thermal Properties Of Matter
18.1
Equations Of State
18.2
Molecular Properties Of Matter
18.3
Kinetic-Molecular Model Of An Ideal Gas
18.4
Heat Capacities
18.5
Molecular Speeds
18.6
Phases Of Matter
19
The First Law Of Thermodynamics
19.1
Thermodynamic Systems
19.2
Work Done During Volume Changes
19.3
Paths Between Thermodynamic States
19.4
Internal Energy And The First Law Of Thermodynamics
19.5
Kinds Of Thermodynamic Processes
19.6
Internal Energy Of An Ideal Gas
19.7
Heat Capacities Of An Ideal Gas
19.8
Adiabatic Processes For An Ideal Gas
20
The Second Law Of Thermodynamics
20.1
Directions Of Thermodynamic Processes
20.2
Heat Engines
20.3
Internal-Combustion Engines
20.4
Refrigerators
20.5
The Second Law Of Thermodynamics
20.6
The Carnot Cycle
20.7
Entropy
20.8
Microscopic Interpretation Of Entropy
21
Electric Charge And Electric Field
21.1
Electric Charge
21.2
Conductors, Insulators, And Induced Charges
21.3
Coulomb’s Law
21.4
Electric Field And Electric Forces
21.5
Electric-Field Calculations
21.6
Electric Field Lines
21.7
Electric Dipoles
22
Gauss’s Law
22.1
Charge And Electric Flux
22.2
Calculating Electric Flux
22.3
Gauss’s Law
22.4
Applications Of Gauss’s Law
22.5
Charges On Conductors
23
Electric Potential
23.1
Electric Potential Energy
23.2
Electric Potential
23.3
Calculating Electric Potential
23.4
Equipotential Surfaces
23.5
Potential Gradient
24
Capacitance And Dielectrics
24.1
Capacitors And Capacitance
24.2
Capacitors In Series And Parallel
24.3
Energy Storage In Capacitors And Electric-Field Energy
24.4
Dielectrics
24.5
Molecular Model Of Induced Charge
24.6
Gauss’s Law In Dielectrics
25
Current, Resistance, And Electromotive Force
25.1
Current
25.2
Resistivity
25.3
Resistance
25.4
Electromotive Force And Circuits
25.5
Energy And Power In Electric Circuits
25.6
Theory Of Metallic Conduction
26
Direct-Current Circuits
26.1
Resistors In Series And Parallel
26.2
Kirchhoff’s Rules
26.3
Electrical Measuring Instruments
26.4
R-C Circuits
26.5
Power Distribution Systems
27
Magnetic Field And Magnetic Forces
27.1
Magnetism
27.2
Magnetic Field
27.3
Magnetic Field Lines And Magnetic Flux
27.4
Motion Of Charged Particles In A Magnetic Field
27.5
Applications Of Motion Of Charged Particles
27.6
Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor
27.7
Force And Torque On A Current Loop
27.8
The Direct-Current Motor
27.9
The Hall Effect
28
Sources Of Magnetic Field
28.1
Magnetic Field Of A Moving Charge
28.2
Magnetic Field Of A Current Element
28.3
Magnetic Field Of A Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
28.4
Force Between Parallel Conductors
28.5
Magnetic Field Of A Circular Current Loop
28.6
Ampere’s Law
28.7
Applications Of Ampere’s Law
28.8
Magnetic Materials
29
Electromagnetic Induction
29.1
Induction Experiments
29.2
Faraday’s Law
29.3
Lenz’s Law
29.4
Motional Emf
29.5
Induced Electric Fields
29.6
Eddy Currents
29.7
Displacement Current And Maxwell’s Equations
29.8
Superconductivity
30
Inductance
30.1
Mutual Inductance
30.2
Self-Inductance And Inductors
30.3
Magnetic-Field Energy
30.4
The R-L Circuit
30.5
The L-C Circuit
30.6
The L-R-C Series Circuit
31
Ternating Current
31.1
Phasors And Alternating Currents
31.2
Resistance And Reactance
31.3
The L-R-C Series Circuit
31.4
Power In Alternating-Current Circuits
31.5
Resonance In Alternating-Current Circuits
31.6
Transformers
32
Electromagnetic Waves
32.1
Maxwell’s Equations And Electromagnetic Waves
32.2
Plane Electromagnetic Waves And The Speed Of Light
32.3
Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
32.4
Energy And Momentum In Electromagnetic Waves
32.5
Standing Electromagnetic Waves
33
The Nature And Propagation Of Light
33.1
The Nature Of Light
33.2
Reflection And Refraction
33.3
Total Internal Reflection
33.4
Dispersion
33.5
Polarization
33.6
Scattering Of Light
33.7
Huygens’s Principle
34
Geometric Optics
34.1
Reflection And Refraction At A Plane Surface
34.2
Reflection At A Spherical Surface
34.3
Refraction At A Spherical Surface
34.4
Thin Lenses
34.5
Cameras
34.6
The Eye
34.7
The Magnifier
34.8
Microscopes And Telescopes
35
Interference
35.1
Interference And Coherent Sources
35.2
Two-Source Interference Of Light
35.3
Intensity In Interference Patterns
35.4
Interference In Thin Films
35.5
The Michelson Interferometer
36
Diffraction
36.1
Fresnel And Fraunhofer Diffraction
36.2
Diffraction From A Single Slit
36.3
Intensity In The Single-Slit Pattern
36.4
Multiple Slits
36.5
The Diffraction Grating
36.6
X-Ray Diffraction
36.7
Circular Apertures And Resolving Power
36.8
Holography
37
Relativity
37.1
Invariance Of Physical Laws
37.2
Relativity Of Simultaneity
37.3
Relativity Of Time Intervals
37.4
Relativity Of Length
37.5
The Lorentz Transformations
37.6
The Doppler Effect For Electromagnetic Waves
37.7
Relativistic Momentum
37.8
Relativistic Work And Energy
37.9
Newtonian Mechanics And Relativity
38
Photons: Light Waves Behaving As Particles
38.1
Light Absorbed As Photons: The Photoelectric Effect
38.2
Light Emitted As Photons: X-Ray Production
38.3
Light Scattered As Photons: Compton Scattering And Pair Production
38.4
Wave–particle Duality, Probability, And Uncertainty
39
Particles Behaving As Waves
39.1
Electron Waves
39.2
The Nuclear Atom And Atomic Spectra
39.3
Energy Levels And The Bohr Model Of The Atom
39.4
The Laser
39.5
Continuous Spectra
39.6
The Uncertainty Principle Revisited
40
Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions
40.1
Wave Functions And The One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation
40.2
Particle In A Box
40.3
Potential Wells
40.4
Potential Barriers And Tunneling
40.5
The Harmonic Oscillator
40.6
Measurement In Quantum Mechanics
41
Quantum Mechanics Ii: Atomic Structure
41.1
The Schrödinger Equation In Three Dimensions
41.2
Particle In A Three-Dimensional Box
41.3
The Hydrogen Atom
41.4
The Zeeman Effect
41.5
Electron Spin
41.6
Many-Electron Atoms And The Exclusion Principle
41.7
X-Ray Spectra
41.8
Quantum Entanglement
42
Molecules And Condensed Matter
42.1
Types Of Molecular Bonds
42.2
Molecular Spectra
42.3
Structure Of Solids
42.4
Energy Bands
42.5
Free-Electron Model Of Metals
42.6
Semiconductors
42.7
Semiconductor Devices
42.8
Superconductivity
43
Nuclear Physics
43.1
Properties Of Nuclei
43.2
Nuclear Binding And Nuclear Structure
43.3
Nuclear Stability And Radioactivity
43.4
Activities And Half-Lives
43.5
Biological Effects Of Radiation
43.6
Nuclear Reactions
43.7
Nuclear Fission
43.8
Nuclear Fusion
44
Particle Physics And Cosmology
44.1
Fundamental Particles—a History
44.2
Particle Accelerators And Detectors
44.3
Particles And Interactions
44.4
Quarks And Gluons
44.5
The Standard Model And Beyond
44.6
The Expanding Universe
44.7
The Beginning Of Time
Textbook Solutions for University Physics with Modern Physics
Chapter 4.3 Problem 4.12
Question
A crate with mass 32.5 kg initially at rest on a warehouse floor is acted on by a net horizontal force of 14.0 N. (a) What acceleration is produced? (b) How far does the crate travel in 10.0 s? (c) What is its speed at the end of 10.0 s?
Solution
The first step in solving 4.3 problem number trying to solve the problem we have to refer to the textbook question: A crate with mass 32.5 kg initially at rest on a warehouse floor is acted on by a net horizontal force of 14.0 N. (a) What acceleration is produced? (b) How far does the crate travel in 10.0 s? (c) What is its speed at the end of 10.0 s?
From the textbook chapter Newton’s Second Law you will find a few key concepts needed to solve this.
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full solution
full solution
Title
University Physics with Modern Physics 15
Author
Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
ISBN
9780136874331
A crate with mass 32.5 kg initially at rest on a warehouse floor is acted on by a net horizontal force of 14.0 N. (a) What acceleration is produced? (b) How far does the crate travel in 10.0 s? (c) What is its speed at the end of 10.0 s?
Chapter 4.3 textbook questions
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A 68.5 kg skater moving initially at 2.40 m/s on rough horizontal ice comes to rest uniformly in 3.52 s due to friction from the ice. What force does friction exert on the skater?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
You walk into an elevator, step onto a scale, and push the “up” button. You recall that your normal weight is 625 N. Draw a free-body diagram. (a) When the elevator has an upward acceleration of magnitude \(2.50 \ \mathrm{m/s}^2\), what does the scale read? (b) If you hold a 3.85 kg package by a light vertical string, what will be the tension in this string when the elevator accelerates as in part (a)?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A box rests on a frozen pond, which serves as a frictionless horizontal surface. If a fisherman applies a horizontal force with magnitude 48.0 N to the box and produces an acceleration of magnitude \(2.20 \ \mathrm{m/s}^2\), what is the mass of the box?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A dockworker applies a constant horizontal force of 80.0 N to a block of ice on a smooth horizontal floor. The frictional force is negligible. The block starts from rest and moves 11.0 m in 5.00 s. (a) What is the mass of the block of ice? (b) If the worker stops pushing at the end of 5.00 s, how far does the block move in the next 5.00 s?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A hockey puck with mass 0.160 kg is at rest at the origin (x = 0) on the horizontal, frictionless surface of the rink. At time t = 0 a player applies a force of 0.250 N to the puck, parallel to the x-axis; she continues to apply this force until t = 2.00 s. (a) What are the position and speed of the puck at t = 2.00 s? (b) If the same force is again applied at t = 5.00 s, what are the position and speed of the puck at t = 7.00 s?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A crate with mass 32.5 kg initially at rest on a warehouse floor is acted on by a net horizontal force of 14.0 N. (a) What acceleration is produced? (b) How far does the crate travel in 10.0 s? (c) What is its speed at the end of 10.0 s?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A 4.50 kg experimental cart undergoes an acceleration in a straight line (the x-axis). The graph in Fig. E4.13 shows this acceleration as a function of time. (a) Find the maximum net force on this cart. When does this maximum force occur? (b) During what times is the net force on the cart a constant? (c) When is the net force equal to zero?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A 2.75 kg cat moves in a straight line (the x-axis). FigureE4.14 shows a graph of the x-component of this cat’s velocity as a function of time. (a) Find the maximum net force on this cat. When does this force occur? (b) When is the net force on the cat equal to zero? (c) What is the net force at time 8.5 s?
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Chapter 4: Problem 4 University Physics with Modern Physics 15
A small 8.00 kg rocket burns fuel that exerts a time-varying upward force on the rocket (assume constant mass) as the rocket moves upward from the launch pad. This force obeys the equation \(F = A + Bt^2\). Measurements show that at t = 0, the force is 100.0 N, and at the end of the first 2.00 s, it is 150.0 N. (a) Find the constants A and B, including their SI units. (b) Find the net force on this rocket and its acceleration (i) the instant after the fuel ignites and (ii) 3.00 s after the fuel ignites. (c) Suppose that you were using this rocket in outer space, far from all gravity. What would its acceleration be 3.00 s after fuel ignition?
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