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Having the complete genome sequence enables a researcher to ask questions about the organization of genes and other sequences of importance in the genome. The most important question is how all the genes' functions in a genome direct that organism's life. It also allows researchers to compare gene content and gene order between organisms, which provides insight into how genomes evolve.

There are two important aspects of studying genomes:

1. understanding the organization and functions of genes within an organism's genome

2. comparing genomes to gain insights into their evolutionary history.