The variable resistor R in the circuit in Fig. P2.23 is

a) Is the interconnection of ideal sources in the circuit in Fig. P2.1 valid? Explain. b) Identify which sources are developing power and which sources are absorbing power. c) Verify that the total power developed in the circuit equals the total power absorbed. d) Repeat (a)(c), reversing the polarity of the 20 V source. Figure P2.1 20 V 5 A 15 V 2

If the interconnection in Fig. P2.2 is valid, find the total power developed in the circuit. If the interconnection is not valid, explain why

If the interconnection in Fig. P2.3 is valid, find the power developed by the current sources. If the interconnection is not valid, explain why.

If the interconnection in Fig. P2.4 is valid, find the total power developed by the voltage sources. If the interconnection is not valid, explain why

The interconnection of ideal sources can lead to an indeterminate solution. With this thought in mind, explain why the solutions for v and v in the circuit in Fig. P2.5 are not unique.

Consider the interconnection shown in Fig. P2.6. a) What value v of is required to make this a valid interconnection? b) For this value of v , find the power associated with the voltage source.

Consider the interconnection shown in Fig. P2.7. a) What value of a is required to make this a valid interconnection? b) For this value of a, find the power associated with the current source. c) Is the current source supplying or absorbing power? Figure P2.7

a) Is the interconnection in Fig. P2.8 valid? Explain. b) Can you find the total energy developed in the circuit? Explain.

If the interconnection in Fig. P2.9 is valid, find the total power developed in the circuit. If the interconnection is not valid, explain why

Find the total power developed in the circuit in Fig. P2.10 if v = 5 V

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.11 a) Find v. b) Find the power absorbed by the resistor. c) Reverse the direction of the current source and repeat parts (a) and (b)

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.12 a) Find i. b) Find the power supplied by the voltage source. c) Reverse the polarity of the voltage source and repeat parts (a) and (b)

A pair of automotive headlamps is connected to a 12 V battery via the arrangement shown in Fig. P2.13. In the figure, the triangular symbol  is used to indicate that the terminal is connected directly to the metal frame of the car.

The terminal voltage and terminal current were measured on the device shown in Fig. P2.14(a). The values of v and i are given in the table of Fig. P2.14(b). Use the values in the table to construct a circuit model for the device consisting of a single resistor from Appendix H.

A variety of voltage source values were applied to the device shown in Fig. P2.15(a). The power absorbed by the device for each value of voltage is recorded in the table given in Fig. P2.15(b). Use the values in the table to construct a circuit model for the device consisting of a single resistor from Appendix H.

A variety of current source values were applied to the device shown in Fig. P2.16(a).The power absorbed by the device for each value of current is recorded in the table given in Fig. P2.16(b). Use the values in the table to construct a circuit model for the device consisting of a single resistor from Appendix H.

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. P2.17. a) Find v using Kirchoffs laws and Ohms law. b) Test the solution for v by verifying that the total power supplied equals the total power absorbe

Given the circuit shown in Fig. P2.18, find a) the value of i, b) the value of ib, c) the value of v, d) the power dissipated in each resistor, e) the power delivered by the 50 V source.

a) Find the currents and in the circuit in Fig. P2.19. b) Find the voltage . c) Verify that the total power developed equals the total power dissipated. Figure P2.19

The current in the circuit shown in Fig. P2.20 is 50 mA and the voltage v is 3.5 V. Find (a) i ; (b) v; (c) vg ; and (d) the power supplied by the voltage source. Figure P2.20

The current in the circuit shown in Fig. P2.21 is 2 mA. Find (a) i (b) ig and (c) the power delivered by the independent current source.

The current i in the circuit in Fig. P2.22 is 1 A. a) Find i. b) Find the power dissipated in each resistor.c) Verify that the total power dissipated in the circuitequals the power developed by the 150 V source

The variable resistor R in the circuit in Fig. P2.23 is adjusted until equals 10 mA. Find the value of R.

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.24, find (a) R and (b) the power supplied by the 240 V source.

The voltage across 16 the resistor in the circuit in Fig. P2.25 is 80 V, positive at the upper terminal. a) Find the power dissipated in each resistor. b) Find the power supplied by the 125 V ideal voltage source. c) Verify that the power supplied equals the total power dissipated.

The currents i and ib in the circuit in Fig. P2.26 are 4 A and respectively. a) Find ig b) Find the power dissipated in each resistor. c) Find vg d) Show that the power delivered by the current source is equal to the power absorbed by all the other elements.

The currents i and i in the circuit in Fig. P2.27 are 21 A and 14 A, respectively. a) Find the power supplied by each voltage source. b) Show that the total power supplied equals the total power dissipated in the resistors. Figure P2.27 2  1  1  35  i2 10  i1 5  147 V 147 V i2 i1 5  9  10  11  vg ig 4  100 V 30  16  ib 15  ia vg. ig. -2 A, ib ia 125 V 7  30  5  15  80 V 16  PSPICE MULTISIM PSPICE MULTISIM PSPICE MULTISIM PSPICE MULTISIM P

The voltage and current were measured at the terminals of the device shown in Fig. P2.28(a). The results are tabulated in Fig. P2.28(b). a) Construct a circuit model for this device using an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor. b) Use the model to predict the value of it when vt is zero

The voltage and current were measured at the terminals of the device shown in Fig. P2.29(a). The results are tabulated in Fig. P2.29(b). a) Construct a circuit model for this device using an ideal current source in parallel with a resistor. b) Use the model to predict the amount of power the device will deliver to a 20 resistor.

The table in Fig. P2.30(a) gives the relationship between the terminal current and voltage of the practical constant current source shown in Fig. P2.30(b). a) Plot is versus vs. b) Construct a circuit model of this current source that is valid for 0 vs 75 V, based on the equation of the line plotted in (a). c) Use your circuit model to predict the current delivered to a 2.5 k resistor. d) Use your circuit model to predict the open-circuit voltage of the current source.e) What is the actual open-circuit voltage?f) Explain why the answers to (d) and (e) are notthe same.

The table in Fig. P2.31(a) gives the relationship between the terminal voltage and current of the practical constant voltage source shown in Fig. P2.31(b). a) Plot vs versus is . b) Construct a circuit model of the practical source that is valid for 0 is , 24 mA, based on the equation of the line plotted in (a). (Use an ideal voltage source in series with an ideal resistor.) c) Use your circuit model to predict the current delivered to a 1k resistor connected to the terminals of the practical source. d) Use your circuit model to predict the current delivered to a short circuit connected to the terminals of the practical source. e) What is the actual short-circuit current? f) Explain why the answers to (d) and (e) are not the same.

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.32, find v and the total power supplied in the circuit.

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.33, find v and the total power absorbed in the circuit.

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. P2.34. a) Find i. b) Verify the value i of by showing that the power generated in the circuit equals the power absorbed in the circuit. Figure P2.34

Find (a) i, (b) i, and (c) i in the circuit in Fig. P2.35.

For the circuit shown in Fig. P2.36, calculate (a) iand and (b)v show that the power developed equals the power absorbed.

Find v and vg in the circuit shown in Fig. P2.37 when v equals 5 V. (Hint: Start at the right end of the circuit and work back toward vg ).

Derive Eq. 2.25. Hint: Use Eqs. (3) and (4) from Example 2.11 to express iE as a function Ig of Solve Eq. (2) for i and substitute the result into both Eqs. (5) and (6). Solve the new Eq. (6) for and substitute this result into the new Eq. (5). Replace iE in the new Eq. (5) and solve for ig Note that because icc appears only in Eq. (1), the solution ig for involves the manipulation of only five equations.

For the circuit shown in Fig. 2.24 R = 40 k . R = 60 k , Rc = 750 RE= 120 ,Vcc =10 V, V = 600 mV, and = 49 Calculate iB, iC, iE,v3d,vbd,i, i, vab, iCC and v (Note: In the double subscript notation on voltage variables, the first subscript is positive with respect to the second subscript. See Fig. P2.39.

Suppose you want to add a third radiator to your garage that is identical to the two radiators you have already installed. All three radiators can be modeled by 48 resistors. Using the wiring diagram shown in Fig. P2.41, calculate the total power for the three radiators.

Repeat Problem 2.41 using the wiring diagram shown in Fig. P2.42. Compare the total radiator power in this configuration with the total radiator power in the configuration shown in Fig. P2.41. Figure P2.42

Repeat Problem 2.41 using the wiring diagram shown in Fig. P2.43. Compare the total radiator power in this configuration with the total radiator power in the configuration shown in Fig. P2.41.

Repeat Problem 2.41 using the wiring diagram shown in Fig. P2.44. Compare the total radiator power in this configuration with the total radiator power in the configuration shown in Fig. P2.41.