Identify the solute and solvent in each solution.(a) 80-proof vodka (40% ethyl

Solution 27P :

Step 1:

Here we have to Pick an appropriate solute from Table 1 to dissolve the given solutes:

Given :

Table 1 Common Laboratory Solvents :

First, let’s see what is a polar solvent and nonpolar solvent :

A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid or a gas.

Polar solvents are those solvents who have large dipole moments (i.e partial charges). They contain bonds between atoms with very different electronegativities, such as oxygen and hydrogen. Generally polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents.

Non polar solvents are those solvents which contain bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities, such as carbon and hydrogen. Generally non polar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

The amount of solute, which can dissolve in a given amount of solvent depends on the nature of the solute and solvent. In general, "Like dissolves like", describes the general principle of solubility i.e. polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.