Solved: Indicate the formal charge on each carbon that has

Solution 65P :

Step 1 of 8:

Here, we have to indicate the formal charge on each carbon if it has. First, let’s look at what is a formal charge.

A formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons, an atom has when it is not bonded to any other atoms and the number of electrons it owns when it is bonded. It is the charge associated to an atom in a molecule of a chemical element or compound, assuming the electrons are shared equally between atoms, irrespective of element’s electronegativity.  

Formal charge is calculated using the formula :

        Formal charge = Valence electrons - Nonbonding electrons -

It is also calculated using a shortcut formula :

        Formal charge = Valence electrons - (Number of bonds + Number of dots)