Choose the BEST answer to the following:The lowest

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Temperature is generally proportional to a substance’s (a) thermal energy. (b) vibrational kinetic energy. (c) average translational kinetic energy. (d) rotational kinetic energy.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Heat is simply another word for (a) temperature. (b) internal energy. (c) internal energy that flows from hot to cold. (d) radiant energy

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Which of these temperatures is likely when a container of water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is mixed with water at \(28^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)? (a) \(19^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (b) \(22^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (d) Higher than \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

The amount of heat transferred to a system can be measured in (a) calories. (c) Either. (b) joules. (d) Neither

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Hot sand cools off faster at night than does vegetation. Compared with vegetation, sand’s specific heat capacity is (a) lower. (c) about the same. (b) higher. (d) Can’t say.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: When the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the length of the strip (a) also increases. (b) actually decreases. (c) may increase and may decrease. (d) decreases in width as it gets longer.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water (a) more dense. (c) more slippery. (b) less dense. (d) warmer.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: The principal source of Earth’s internal energy is (a) tidal friction. (c) radioactivity. (b) gravitational pressure. (d) geothermal heat.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: The surface of planet Earth loses energy to outer space due mostly to (a) conduction. (c) radiation. (b) convection. (d) radioactivity.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: The greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming are (a) water vapor. (c) Both. (b) carbon dioxide. (d) Neither.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: In a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen gases at a given temperature, the fastest molecules on average are those of (a) hydrogen. (c) nitrogen. (b) oxygen. (d) All have same average speed.

Thermal conduction involves mainly (a) electrons. (b) protons. (c) neutrons. (d) ions.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Thermal convection involves mainly (a) radiant energy. (c) insulators. (b) fluids. (d) All of these.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Heat comes from the Sun to Earth by the process of (a) conduction. (b) convection. (c) radiation. (d) All of these, although radiation is greatest.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: A high-temperature source radiates relatively (a) short wavelengths. (c) low frequencies of radiation. (b) long wavelengths. (d) None of these.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: An object that absorbs energy well also (a) conducts well. (c) radiates well. (b) convects well. (d) None of these.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Newton’s law of cooling applies to objects that (a) cool. (c) Both. (b) warm up. (d) Neither.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Compared with radiation from the Sun, terrestrial radiation has a lower (a) wavelength. (c) Both. (b) frequency. (d) Neither

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: When relatively slow-moving molecules condense from the air, the temperature of the remaining air tends to (a) remain unchanged. (c) increase. (b) decrease. (d) spread out uniformly

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Put a saucer of water on your table. A process that then occurs is (a) evaporation. (c) Both. (b) condensation. (d) Neither.

The process of boiling water tends to (a) warm the water. (b) cool the water. (c) Both. (d) Neither.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Boiling and freezing occur when water is subjected to (a) decreased temperatures. (b) decreased atmospheric pressure. (c) increased temperatures. (d) increased atmospheric pressure.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Regelation occurs due to water’s (a) high specific heat. (b) open-structured ice crystals. (c) high rate of expansion. (d) slight tendency to freeze when its temperature is lowered.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: When water changes to steam, energy is (a) absorbed by the water. (b) released by the water. (c) conserved as the phase change occurs. (d) changed to a different form.

The lowest possible temperature is absolute zero, at (a) 0 kelvin. (b) \(-273^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (c) Both are the same. (d) None of these.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: When you breathe on your hand, the temperature of the exhaled air reaching your hand (a) increases. (b) decreases. (c) remains unchanged. (d) depends on how you blow.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: The second law of thermodynamics tells us that heat doesn’t flow from (a) hot to cold ever. (b) cold to hot ever. (c) hot to cold without external energy. (d) cold to hot without external energy.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: Heat engines, such as a jet engine, are more efficient when run at (a) high temperatures. (c) low temperatures. (b) constant temperatures. (d) a constant rate.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: The direction of natural processes is from states of (a) higher order to lower order. (b) lower order to higher order. (c) disorganization to organization. (d) disorder to equilibrium.

Choose the BEST answer to each of the following: As entropy in a system increases, energy in the system (a) becomes more ordered. (b) becomes less ordered. (c) reaches equilibrium. (d) moves toward destruction.