Solved: The beam is made of elastic perfectly plastic

4/12/16 Water  97.5% of water is seawater o 2.0% is ice o .5% is freshwater o this .0001% produces 100% of our water for drinking and irrigation  water use per person is rising two times faster than population growth  abundance of water is not the issue o where it is and when it is needed is the problem  by 2020, more than 33% of all human beings will live her o there is not enough fresh water o 25% already do  1/5 people on planet are living on less water a day than the flush of a toilet o video: water is imperative, lack of it causes poverty and sickness  by 2020, water use in U.S will exceed supply by 13% o this projection has 3 assumptions 1. assumes stable population (no growth) 2. assumes stable climate (no global warming) 3. assumes average rainfall (no drought) Water “rules”  water is always recycled  water is always in motion  surface and subsurface waters are tightly linked Water budget 1. storage (reserves)  surface (lakes)  subsurface (groundwater) 2. inputs (deposits)  surface (rainfall)  subsurface (groundwater) 3. outputs (withdraws)  surface (draw­down, siphon off)  subsurface (pump out)  evaporation/transportation Where does our water come from  50% of U.S population relies on groundwater as its primary source for drinking water GA’s freshwater  getting further from freshwater; water supply is going down  Oceanic Saltwater Intrusion­ when you run out of freshwater from ocean CA drought  People couldn’t water their grass anymore  Video: fun animated video about water use  Video 2: water war: china vs. Vietnam over use of water from Mekong GA vs. AL vs. FL  ACF river basin o Appalochia, Chattahoochee, Flint river o Usage based on population  GA: 87%  AL 8%  FL 5% o If it was based on land area of drainage basin  GA: 51%  AL: 38%  FL: 11%  Video: chemicals seeping in water in West Virginia  Video 2: flint Michigan Mississippi River Drainage Basin  40,000 square miles  herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, fertilizer  huge dead zone here, Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone  sucks up oxygen, nothing can live here  also present in Nile, Amazon, Mekong, Ganges, Colorado  agal blooms in Lake Erie Florida  bad news for their water Sustainable Water use, balance budget 1. increase reserves 2. reduce withdraws a. conservation b. recycle c. landscape architecture 3. more off­channel reservoirs 4. change price of water a. desalination is 15.50 a pint  an ancient reservoir­ Mesa Verde  distribution of water on earth changed significantly 4/14/16 In our attempts to control water, we are making things worse  Ex: Mississippi Flood o Video: Brent Blackwelder said flood was man­made o U.S army engineers said it was rain o Either way, dams make things worse  Flash floods are super dangerous Seasonal Photosynthesis of Corals in Florida Keys  1992­1993  measured amount of oxygen in them, when warmer there were higher amounts of o2  when you put coral bleaching in, photosynthesis goes down because of lack of algae  on September 10 , 1993, coral photosynthesis stopped but restoration did not  Mississippi River Flood caused the cease on September 10 th o Because herbicides stop photosynthesis, but not respiration o Atrazine­ powerful herbicide  From farms, fields, factories, flood washed the herbicides to the Gulf of Mexico  Coral reefs more than 1,000 miles away were effected LAW: WE ALL LIVE DOWNSTREAM  Stream invertebrates used to determine health of U.S rivers  Colorado River Delta; all water is used before ocean Aquifers  When you pump them dry…. o Land subsidence occurs o Ex: Winter Park, FL o Kentucky with fancy cars  Environmental mismanagement causes this Forests  Last of the Mohicans­ forest filmed at is destroyed for movie Environmental Decision making  Location of power  Extent of political influence  Fallacy of “jobs versus environment”  What to do o 1998 Forest Summit (Pacific Northwest, Atlantic Southeast) Forest Loss in Haiti  logging and rubber plantations leads to deforestation  political instability reduced tourism which lead to poverty  by 1990 most of Haiti was deforested Values of Forests  forests contain 75% of world biodiversity  ecosystem services o flood prevention o carbon storage o air and water quality  wood products: o 3.4 billion cubic meters of wood per year o proportions vary by region o 53% for fuel  forests also produce: o rubber o syrup o medicine Deforestation  2% of forests disappear every year  pace quickening  causes: o agricultural expansion o cleaning forests Solutions  Haiti is past conservation, must restore forests  Community­based initiative shows promise  As of 2011, 8 million trees planted by 650 farmers