Suppose you have just synthesized heptanoic acid from heptan-1-ol. The product is contam-
inated by sodium dichromate, sulfuric acid, heptan-1-ol, and possibly heptanal. Explain how
you would use acid–base extractions to purify the heptanoic acid. Use a chart, like that in
Figure 20-3, to show where the impurities are at each stage.
Solution 4P
Step 1