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The Environmental Protection Agency and the University of
Chapter 8, Problem 23E(choose chapter or problem)
The Environmental Protection Agency and the University of Florida recently cooperated in a large study of the possible effects of trace elements in drinking water on kidney-stone disease. The accompanying table presents data on age, amount of calcium in home drinking water
(measured in parts per million), and smoking activity. These data were obtained from individuals with recurrent kidney-stone problems, all of whom lived in the Carolinas and the Rocky Mountain states.
Estimate the average calcium concentration in drinking water for kidney-stone patients in the Carolinas. Place a bound on the error of estimation.Estimate the difference in mean ages for kidney-stone patients in the Carolinas and in the Rockies. Place a bound on the error of estimation.Estimate and place a 2-standard-deviation bound on the difference in proportions of kidney-stone patients from the Carolinas and Rockies who were smokers at the time of the study.
Questions & Answers
QUESTION:
The Environmental Protection Agency and the University of Florida recently cooperated in a large study of the possible effects of trace elements in drinking water on kidney-stone disease. The accompanying table presents data on age, amount of calcium in home drinking water
(measured in parts per million), and smoking activity. These data were obtained from individuals with recurrent kidney-stone problems, all of whom lived in the Carolinas and the Rocky Mountain states.
Estimate the average calcium concentration in drinking water for kidney-stone patients in the Carolinas. Place a bound on the error of estimation.Estimate the difference in mean ages for kidney-stone patients in the Carolinas and in the Rockies. Place a bound on the error of estimation.Estimate and place a 2-standard-deviation bound on the difference in proportions of kidney-stone patients from the Carolinas and Rockies who were smokers at the time of the study. ANSWER:
Step 1 of 2
1. The average calcium concentration in drinking water for kidney-stone patients in the Carolinas is estimated to be 22.3 parts per million (ppm). The error of estimation is plus or minus 1.9 ppm.