Critical Thinking A car travels straight along the street

Chapter 2: Problem 1 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Motion Diagram of a Runner Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram for a bike rider riding at a constant pace

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Chapter 2: Problem 2 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 3 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 4 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Critical Thinking Use the particle model to draw motion diagrams for two runners in a race, when the first runner crosses the finish line as the other runner is three-fourths of the way to the finish line.

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Chapter 2: Problem 5 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Displacement The particle model for a car traveling on an interstate highway is shown below. The starting point is shown. Here There Make a copy of the particle model, and draw a vector to represent the displacement of the car from the starting time to the end of the third time interval

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Chapter 2: Problem 6 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Displacement The particle model for a boy walking to school is shown below. Home School Make a copy of the particle model, and draw vectors to represent the displacement between each pair of dots.

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Chapter 2: Problem 7 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Position Two students compared the position vectors they each had drawn on a motion diagram to show the position of a moving object at the same time. They found that their vectors did not point in the same direction. Explain

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Chapter 2: Problem 8 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Critical Thinking A car travels straight along the street from the grocery store to the post office. To represent its motion you use a coordinate system with its origin at the grocery store and the direction the car is moving in as the positive direction. Your friend uses a coordinate system with its origin at the post office and the opposite direction as the positive direction. Would the two of you agree on the cars position? Displacement? Distance? The time interval the trip took? Explain

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Chapter 2: Problem 9 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Describe the motion of the car shown by the graph.

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Chapter 2: Problem 10 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Draw a motion diagram that corresponds to the graph.

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Chapter 2: Problem 11 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. Answer the following questions about the cars motion. Assume that the positive d-direction is east and the negative d-direction is west. a. When was the car 25.0 m east of the origin? b. Where was the car at 1.0 s?

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Chapter 2: Problem 12 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Describe, in words, the motion of the two pedestrians shown by the lines in Figure 2-14. Assume that the positive direction is east on Broad Street and the origin is the intersection of Broad and High Streets.

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Chapter 2: Problem 13 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

3. Odina walked down the hall at school from the cafeteria to the band room, a distance of 100.0 m. A class of physics students recorded and graphed her position every 2.0 s, noting that she moved 2.6 m every 2.0 s. When was Odina in the following positions? a. 25.0 m from the cafeteria b. 25.0 m from the band room c. Create a graph showing Odinas motion

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Chapter 2: Problem 14 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

What event occurred at t ! 0.0 s?

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Chapter 2: Problem 15 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Which runner was ahead at t ! 48.0 s?

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Chapter 2: Problem 16 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. When runner A was at 0.0 m, where was runner B?

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Chapter 2: Problem 17 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

How far apart were runners A and B at t ! 20.0 s?

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Chapter 2: Problem 18 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 19 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 20 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 21 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Time Use the position-time graph of the hockey puck to determine when it was 10.0 m beyond the origin.

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Chapter 2: Problem 22 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Distance Use the position-time graph of the hockey puck to determine how far it moved between 0.0 s and 5.0 s

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Chapter 2: Problem 23 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Time Interval Use the position-time graph for the hockey puck to determine how much time it took for the puck to go from 40 m beyond the origin to 80 m beyond the origin.

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Chapter 2: Problem 24 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 25 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 26 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. Describe, in words, the motion of the cruise ship in the previous problem

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Chapter 2: Problem 27 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 28 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

8. When Marilyn takes her pet dog for a walk, the dog walks at a very consistent pace of 0.55 m/s. Draw a motion diagram and position-time graph to represent Marilyns dog walking the 19.8-m distance from in front of her house to the nearest fire hydrant

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Chapter 2: Problem 29 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 30 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. Average Velocity Rank the graphs according to average velocity, from greatest average velocity to least average velocity. Specifically indicate any ties

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Chapter 2: Problem 31 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Initial Position Rank the graphs according to the objects initial position, from most positive position to most negative position. Specifically indicate any ties. Would your ranking be different if you had been asked to do the ranking according to initial distance from the origin?

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Chapter 2: Problem 32 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Average Speed and Average Velocity Explain how average speed and average velocity are related to each other

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Chapter 2: Problem 33 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Critical Thinking In solving a physics problem, why is it important to create pictorial and physical models before trying to solve an equation?

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Chapter 2: Problem 34 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 35 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

What is the purpose of drawing a motion diagram?

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Chapter 2: Problem 36 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Under what circumstances is it legitimate to treat an object as a point particle?

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Chapter 2: Problem 37 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

The following quantities describe location or its change: position, distance, and displacement. Briefly describe the differences among them.

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Chapter 2: Problem 38 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. How can you use a clock to find a time interval?

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Chapter 2: Problem 39 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

In-line Skating How can you use the position-time graphs for two in-line skaters to determine if and when one in-line skater will pass the other one?

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Chapter 2: Problem 40 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Walking Versus Running A walker and a runner leave your front door at the same time. They move in the same direction at different constant velocities. Describe the position-time graphs of each.

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Chapter 2: Problem 41 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

What does the slope of a position-time graph measure?

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Chapter 2: Problem 42 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

If you know the positions of a moving object at two points along its path, and you also know the time it took for the object to get from one point to the other, can you determine the particles instantaneous velocity? Its average velocity? Explain.

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Chapter 2: Problem 43 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Test the following combinations and explain why each does not have the properties needed to describe the concept of velocity: !d " !t, !d # !t, !d $ !t, !t/!d

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Chapter 2: Problem 44 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Football When can a football be considered a point particle?

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Chapter 2: Problem 45 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. When can a football player be treated as a point particle?

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Chapter 2: Problem 46 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 47 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 48 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 49 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

A bike travels at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s. How far does it go?

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Chapter 2: Problem 50 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. Astronomy Light from the Sun reaches Earth in 8.3 min. The speed of light is 3.00!108 m/s. How far is Earth from the Sun?

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Chapter 2: Problem 51 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

. A car is moving down a street at 55 km/h. A child suddenly runs into the street. If it takes the driver 0.75 s to react and apply the brakes, how many meters will the car have moved before it begins to slow down?

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Chapter 2: Problem 52 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Nora jogs several times a week and always keeps track of how much time she runs each time she goes out. One day she forgets to take her stopwatch with her and wonders if theres a way she can still have some idea of her time. As she passes a particular bank, she remembers that it is 4.3 km from her house. She knows from her previous training that she has a consistent pace of 4.0 m/s. How long has Nora been jogging when she reaches the bank?

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Chapter 2: Problem 53 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Driving You and a friend each drive 50.0 km. You travel at 90.0 km/h; your friend travels at 95.0 km/h. How long will your friend have to wait for you at the end of the trip?

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Chapter 2: Problem 54 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Cycling A cyclist maintains a constant velocity of "5.0 m/s. At time t # 0.0 s, the cyclist is "250 m from point A. a. Plot a position-time graph of the cyclists location from point A at 10.0-s intervals for 60.0 s. b. What is the cyclists position from point A at 60.0 s? c. What is the displacement from the starting position at 60.0 s?

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Chapter 2: Problem 55 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 56 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 57 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Driving Both car A and car B leave school when a stopwatch reads zero. Car A travels at a constant 75 km/h, and car B travels at a constant 85 km/h. a. Draw a position-time graph showing the motion of both cars. How far are the two cars from school when the stopwatch reads 2.0 h? Calculate the distances and show them on your graph. b. Both cars passed a gas station 120 km from the school. When did each car pass the gas station? Calculate the times and show them on your gra

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Chapter 2: Problem 58 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Draw a position-time graph for two cars traveling to the beach, which is 50 km from school. At noon, Car A leaves a store that is 10 km closer to the beach than the school is and moves at 40 km/h. Car B starts from school at 12:30 P.M. and moves at 100 km/h. When does each car get to the beach

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Chapter 2: Problem 59 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Two cars travel along a straight road. When a stopwatch reads t # 0.00 h, car A is at dA # 48.0 km moving at a constant 36.0 km/h. Later, when the watch reads t # 0.50 h, car B is at dB # 0.00 km moving at 48.0 km/h. Answer the following questions, first, graphically by creating a positiontime graph, and second, algebraically by writing equations for the positions dA and dB as a function of the stopwatch time, t. a. What will the watch read when car B passes car A? b. At what position will car B pass car A? c. When the cars pass, how long will it have been since car A was at the reference point?

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Chapter 2: Problem 60 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 61 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

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Chapter 2: Problem 62 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Apply Concepts You plan a car trip for which you want to average 90 km/h. You cover the first half of the distance at an average speed of only 48 km/h. What must your average speed be in the second half of the trip to meet your goal? Is this reasonable? Note that the velocities are based on half the distance, not half the time.

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Chapter 2: Problem 63 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Design an Experiment Every time a particular red motorcycle is driven past your friends home, his father becomes angry because he thinks the motorcycle is going too fast for the posted 25 mph (40 km/h) speed limit. Describe a simple experiment you could do to determine whether or not the motorcycle is speeding the next time it is driven past your friends house

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Chapter 2: Problem 64 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Interpret Graphs Is it possible for an objects position-time graph to be a horizontal line? A vertical line? If you answer yes to either situation, describe the associated motion in words.

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Chapter 2: Problem 65 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Physicists have determined that the speed of light is 3.00!108 m/s. How did they arrive at this number? Read about some of the series of experiments that were done to determine lights speed. Describe how the experimental techniques improved to make the results of the experiments more accurate.

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Chapter 2: Problem 66 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Some species of animals have good endurance, while others have the ability to move very quickly, but for only a short amount of time. Use reference sources to find two examples of each quality and describe how it is helpful to that animal

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Chapter 2: Problem 67 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Convert each of the following time measurements to its equivalent in seconds. (Chapter 1) a. 58 ns c. 9270 ms b. 0.046 Gs d. 12.3 ks

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Chapter 2: Problem 68 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

State the number of significant digits in the following measurements. (Chapter 1) a. 3218 kg c. 801 kg b. 60.080 kg d. 0.000534 kg

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Chapter 2: Problem 69 Physics: Principles & Problems 9

Using a calculator, Chris obtained the following results. Rewrite the answer to each operation using the correct number of significant digits. (Chapter 1) a. 5.32 mm " 2.1 mm # 7.4200000 mm b. 13.597 m ! 3.65 m # 49.62905 m2 c. 83.2 kg $ 12.804 kg # 70.3960000 kg

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