Each of exercises refers to the Euler phi function,
Chapter 7, Problem 7.54(choose chapter or problem)
Each of exercises refers to the Euler phi function, denoted , which is dened as follows: For each integer n 1, ( n)isthenumberofpositiveintegerslessthanorequal to n that have no common factors with n except1. For example, (10) =4 because there are four positive integers less than or equal to 10 that have no common factors with 10 except1; namely, 1, 3, 7, and 9. Prove that if p is a prime number and n is an integer with n 1, then (pn) = pn pn1.
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