Solved: A cat usually lands on its feet regardless of the

An ice skater starts a spin with her arms stretched out to the sides. She balances on the tip of one skate to turn without friction. She then pulls her arms in so that her moment of inertia decreases by a factor of 2. In the process of her doing so, what happens to her kinetic energy? (a) It increases by a factor of 4. (b) It increases by a factor of 2. (c) It remains constant. (d) It decreases by a factor of 2. (e) It decreases by a factor of 4.

A pet mouse sleeps near the eastern edge of a stationary, horizontal turntable that is supported by a frictionless, vertical axle through its center. The mouse wakes up and starts to walk north on the turntable. (i) As it takes its first steps, what is the direction of the mouses displacement relative to the stationary ground below? (a) north (b) south (c) no displacement. (ii) In this process, the spot on the turntable where the mouse had been snoozing undergoes a displacement in what direction relative to the ground below? (a) north (b) south (c) no displacement. Answer yes or no for the following questions. (iii) In this process, is the mechanical energy of the mouseturntable system constant? (iv) Is the momentum of the system constant? (v) Is the angular momentum of the system constant?

Let us name three perpendicular directions as right, up, and toward you as you might name them when you are facing a television screen that lies in a vertical plane. Unit vectors for these directions are r^, u^ , and t^, respectively. Consider the quantity (23u^ 3 2t^). (i) Is the magnitude of this vector (a) 6, (b) 3, (c) 2, or (d) 0? (ii) Is the direction of this vector (a) down, (b) toward you, (c) up, (d) away from you, or (e) left?

Let the four compass directions north, east, south, and west be represented by unit vectors n^ , e^, s^, and w^ , respectively. Vertically up and down are represented as u^ and d^ . Let us also identify unit vectors that are halfway between these directions such as ne for northeast. Rank the magnitudes of the following cross products from largest to smallest. If any are equal in magnitude or are equal to zero, show that in your ranking. (a) n^ 3 n^ (b) w^ 3 ne (c) u^ 3 ne (d) n^ 3 nw (e) n^ 3 e^

Answer yes or no to the following questions. (a) Is it possible to calculate the torque acting on a rigid object without specifying an axis of rotation? (b) Is the torque independent of the location of the axis of rotation?

Vector A S is in the negative y direction, and vector B S is in the negative x direction. (i) What is the direction of A S 3 B S? (a) no direction because it is a scalar (b) x (c) 2y (d) z (e) 2z (ii) What is the direction of B S 3 A S ? Choose from the same possibilities (a) through (e).

Two ponies of equal mass are initially at diametrically opposite points on the rim of a large horizontal turntable that is turning freely on a frictionless, vertical axle through its center. The ponies simultaneously start walking toward each other across the turntable. (i) As hey walk, what happens to the angular speed of the turntable? (a) It increases. (b) It decreases. (c) It stays constant. Consider the poniesturntable system in this process and answer yes or no for the following questions. (ii) Is the mechanical energy of the system conserved? (iii) Is the momentum of the system conserved? (iv) Is the angular momentum of the system conserved?

Consider an isolated system moving through empty space. The system consists of objects that interact with each other and can change location with respect to one another. Which of the following quantities can change in time? (a) The angular momentum of the system. (b) The linear momentum of the system. (c) Both the angular momentum and linear momentum of the system. (d) Neither the angular momentum nor linear momentum of the system.

If global warming continues over the next one hundred years, it is likely that some polar ice will melt and the water will be distributed closer to the equator. (a) How would that change the moment of inertia of the Earth? (b) Would the duration of the day (one revolution) increase or decrease?

A cat usually lands on its feet regardless of the position from which it is dropped. A slow-motion film of a cat falling shows that the upper half of its body twists in one direction while the lower half twists in the opposite direction. (See Fig. CQ11.10.) Why does this type of rotation occur?

In Chapters 7 and 8, we made use of energy bar charts to analyze physical situations. Why have we not used bar charts for angular momentum in this chapter?

A 1.50-kg particle moves in the xy plane with a velocity of v S 5 14.20 i ^ 2 3.60 j ^2 m/s. Determine the angular momentum of the particle about the origin when its position vector is r S 5 11.50 i ^ 1 2.20 j ^2 m.

A particle of mass m moves in the xy plane with a velocity of v S 5 vx i ^ 1 vy j ^. Determine the angular momentum of the particle about the origin when its position vector is r S 5 x i ^ 1 yj ^.

Heading straight toward the summit of Pikes Peak, an airplane of mass 12 000 kg flies over the plains of Kansas at nearly constant altitude 4.30 km with constant velocity 175 m/s west. (a) What is the airplanes vector angular momentum relative to a wheat farmer on the ground directly below the airplane? (b) Does this value change as the airplane continues its motion along a straight line? (c) What If? What is its angular momentum relative to the summit of Pikes Peak?

Review. A projectile of mass m is launched with an initial velocity v Si making an angle u with the horizontal as shown in Figure P11.15. The projectile moves in the gravitational field of the Earth. Find the angular momentum of the projectile about the origin (a) when the projectile is at the origin, (b) when it is at the highest point of its trajectory, and (c) just before it hits the ground. (d) What torque causes its angular momentum to change?

Review. A conical pendulum consists of a bob of mass m in motion in a circular path in a horizontal plane as shown in Figure P11.16. During the motion, the supporting wire of length , maintains a constant angle u with the vertical. Show that the magnitude of the angular momentum of the bob about the vertical dashed line is L 5 a m2 g ,3 sin4 u cos u b 1/2

A particle of mass m moves in a circle of radius R at a constant speed v as shown in Figure P11.17. The motion begins at point Q at time t 5 0. Determine the angular momentum of the particle about the axis perpendicular to the page through point P as a function of time.

A counterweight of mass m 5 4.00 kg is attached to a light cord that is wound around a pulley as in Figure P11.18. The pulley is a thin hoop of radius R 5 8.00 cm and mass M 5 2.00 kg. The spokes have negligible mass. (a) What is the magnitude of the net torque on the system about the axle of the pulley? (b) When the counterweight has a speed v, the pulley has an angular speed v 5 v/R. Determine the magnitude of the total angular momentum of the system about the axle of the pulley. (c) Using your result from part (b) and t S 5 d L S /dt, calculate the acceleration of the counterweight

The position vector of a particle of mass 2.00 kg as a function of time is given by r S 5 16.00 i ^ 1 5.00t j ^2, where r S is in meters and t is in seconds. Determine the angular momentum of the particle about the origin as a function of time.

A 5.00 kg particle starts from the origin at the time zero. its velocity as function of time is where v in meters per second and t is in seconds. (a) find its position as a function of time. (b) describe its motion qualitatively. Find (c) its acceleration as a function of time, (d) the net force exerted on the particle as a function of time, (e) the net torque about the origin exerted on the particle as a function of time,(f) the angular momentum of the particle as a function of time,(g) the kinetic energy from the particle as a function of time, and (h) the power injected into the system of the particle as a function of time.

A ball having mass m is fastened at the end of a flagpole that is connected to the side of a tall building at point P as shown in Figure P11.21. The length of the flagpole is ,, and it makes an angle u with the x axis. The ball becomes loose and starts to fall with acceleration 2g j ^. (a) Determine the angular momentum of the ball about point P as a function of time. (b) For what physical reason does the angular momentum change? (c) What is the rate of change of the angular momentum of the ball about point P ?

A uniform solid sphere of radius r 5 0.500 m and mass m 5 15.0 kg turns counterclockwise about a vertical axis through its center. Find its vector angular momentum about this axis when its angular speed is 3.00 rad/s.

Big Ben (Fig. P10.49, page 328), the Parliament tower clock in London, has hour and minute hands with lengths of 2.70 m and 4.50 m and masses of 60.0 kg and 100 kg, respectively. Calculate the total angular momentum of these hands about the center point. (You may model the hands as long, thin rods rotating about one end. Assume the hour and minute hands are rotating at a constant rate of one revolution per 12 hours and 60 minutes, respectively.)

Show that the kinetic energy of an object rotating about a fixed axis with angular momentum L 5 Iv can be written as K 5 L2/2I

A uniform solid disk of mass m 5 3.00 kg and radius r 5 0.200 m rotates about a fixed axis perpendicular to its face with angular frequency 6.00 rad/s. Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the disk when the axis of rotation (a) passes through its center of mass and (b) passes through a point midway between the center and the rim

Model the Earth as a uniform sphere. (a) Calculate the angular momentum of the Earth due to its spinning motion about its axis. (b) Calculate the angular momentum of the Earth due to its orbital motion about the Sun. (c) Explain why the answer in part (b) is larger than that in part (a) even though it takes significantly longer for the Earth to go once around the Sun than to rotate once about its axis.

A particle of mass 0.400 kg is attached to the 100-cm mark of a meterstick of mass 0.100 kg. The meterstick rotates on the surface of a frictionless, horizontal table with an angular speed of 4.00 rad/s. Calculate the angular momentum of the system when the stick is pivoted about an axis (a) perpendicular to the table through the 50.0-cm mark and (b) perpendicular to the table through the 0-cm mark.

The distance between the centers of the wheels of a motorcycle is 155 cm. The center of mass of the motorcycle, including the rider, is 88.0 cm above the ground and halfway between the wheels. Assume the mass of each wheel is small compared with the body of the motorcycle. The engine drives the rear wheel only. What horizontal acceleration of the motorcycle will make the front wheel rise off the ground?

A space station is constructed in the shape of a hollow ring of mass 5.00 3 104 kg. Members of the crew walk on a deck formed by the inner surface of the outer cylindrical wall of the ring, with radius r 5 100 m. At rest when constructed, the ring is set rotating about its axis so that the people inside experience an effective free-fall acceleration equal to g. (See Fig. P11.29.) The rotation is achieved by firing two small rockets attached tangentially to opposite points on the rim of the ring. (a)What angular momentum does the space station acquire? (b) For what time interval must the rockets be fired if each exerts a thrust of 125 N?

A disk with moment of inertia I1 rotates about a frictionless, vertical axle with angular speed vi . A second disk, this one having moment of inertia I2 and initially not rotating, drops onto the first disk (Fig. P11.30). Because of friction between the surfaces, the two eventually reach the same angular speed vf . (a) Calculate vf . (b) Calculate the ratio of the final to the initial rotational energy

A playground merry-go-round of radius R 5 2.00 m has a moment of inertia I 5 250 kg ? m2 and is rotating at 10.0 rev/min about a frictionless, vertical axle. Facing the axle, a 25.0-kg child hops onto the merry-goround and manages to sit down on the edge. What is the new angular speed of the merry-go-round?

Figure P11.17 represents a small, flat puck with mass m 5 2.40 kg sliding on a frictionless, horizontal surface. It is held in a circular orbit about a fixed axis by a rod with negligible mass and length R 5 1.50 m, pivoted at one end. Initially, the puck has a speed of v 5 5.00 m/s. A 1.30-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically onto the puck from a small distance above it and immediately sticks to the puck. (a) What is the new period of rotation? (b) Is the angular momentum of the puckputty system about the axis of rotation constant in this process? (c) Is the momentum of the system constant in the process of the putty sticking to the puck? (d) Is the mechanical energy of the system constant in the process?

A 60.0-kg woman stands at the western rim of a horizontal turntable having a moment of inertia of 500 kg ? m2 and a radius of 2.00 m. The turntable is initially at rest and is free to rotate about a frictionless, vertical axle through its center. The woman then starts walking around the rim clockwise (as viewed from above the system) at a constant speed of 1.50 m/s relative to the Earth. Consider the womanturntable system as motion begins. (a) Is the mechanical energy of the system constant? (b) Is the momentum of the system constant? (c) Is the angular momentum of the system constant? (d) In what direction and with what angular speed does the turntable rotate? (e) How much chemical energy does the womans body convert into mechanical energy of the womanturntable system as the woman sets herself and the turntable into motion?

A student sits on a freely rotating stool holding two dumbbells, each of mass 3.00 kg (Fig. P11.34). When his arms are extended horizontally (Fig. P11.34a), the dumbbells are 1.00 m from the axis of rotation and the student rotates with an angular speed of 0.750 rad/s. The moment of inertia of the student plus stool is 3.00 kg m2 and is assumed to be constant. The student pulls the dumbbells inward horizontally to a position 0.300 m from the rotation axis (Fig. P11.34b). (a) Find the new angular speed of the student. (b) Find the kinetic energy of the rotating system before and after he pulls the dumbbells inward.

A uniform cylindrical turntable of radius 1.90 m and mass 30.0 kg rotates counterclockwise in a horizontal plane with an initial angular speed of 4p rad/s. The fixed turntable bearing is frictionless. A lump of clay of mass 2.25 kg and negligible size is dropped onto the turntable from a small distance above it and immediately sticks to the turntable at a point 1.80 m to the east of the axis. (a) Find the final angular speed of the clay and turntable. (b) Is the mechanical energy of the turntableclay system constant in this process? Explain and use numerical results to verify your answer. (c) Is the momentum of the system constant in this process? Explain your answer.

A puck of mass m1 5 80.0 g and radius r1 5 4.00 cm glides across an air table at a speed of v S 5 1.50 m/s as shown in Figure P11.36a. It makes a glancing collision with a second puck of radius r2 5 6.00 cm and mass m2 5 120 g (initially at rest) such that their rims just touch. Because their rims are coated with instant-acting glue the pucks stick together and rotate after the collision (Fig. P11.36b). (a) What is the angular momentum of the system relative to the center of mass? (b) What is the angular speed about the center of mass?

A wooden block of mass M resting on a frictionless, horizontal surface is attached to a rigid rod of length , and of negligible mass (Fig. P11.37). The rod is pivoted at the other end. A bullet of mass m traveling parallel to the horizontal surface and perpendicular to the rod with speed v hits the block and becomes embedded in it. (a) What is the angular momentum of the bullet block system about a vertical axis through the pivot? (b) What fraction of the original kinetic energy of the bullet is converted into internal energy in the system during the collision?

Review. A thin, uniform, rectangular signboard hangs vertically above the door of a shop. The sign is hinged to a stationary horizontal rod along its top edge. The mass of the sign is 2.40 kg, and its vertical dimension is 50.0 cm. The sign is swinging without friction, so it is a tempting target for children armed with snowballs. The maximum angular displacement of the sign is 25.08 on both sides of the vertical. At a moment when the sign is vertical and moving to the left, a snowball of mass 400 g, traveling horizontally with a velocity of 160 cm/s to the right, strikes perpendicularly at the lower edge of the sign and sticks there. (a) Calculate the angular speed of the sign immediately before the impact. (b) Calculate its angular speed immediately after the impact. (c) The spattered sign will swing up through what maximum angle?

A wad of sticky clay with mass m and velocity v Si is fired at a solid cylinder of mass M and radius R (Fig. P11.39). The cylinder is initially at rest and is mounted on a fixed horizontal axle that runs through its center of mass. The line of motion of the projectile is perpendicular to the axle and at a distance d , R from the center. (a) Find the angular speed of the system just after the clay strikes and sticks to the surface of the cylinder. (b) Is the mechanical energy of the claycylinder system constant in this process? Explain your answer. (c) Is the momentum of the claycylinder system constant in this process? Explain your answer.

Why is the following situation impossible? A space station shaped like a giant wheel has a radius of r 5 100 m and a moment of inertia of 5.00 3 108 kg ? m2. A crew of 150 people of average mass 65.0 kg is living on the rim, and the stations rotation causes the crew to experience an apparent free-fall acceleration of g (Fig. P11.29). A research technician is assigned to perform an experiment in which a ball is dropped at the rim of the station every 15 minutes and the time interval for the ball to drop a given distance is measured as a test to make sure the apparent value of g is correctly maintained. One evening, 100 average people move to the center of the station for a union meeting. The research technician, who has already been performing his experiment for an hour before the meeting, is disappointed that he cannot attend the meeting, and his mood sours even further by his boring experiment in which every time interval for the dropped ball is identical for the entire evening.

A 0.005 00-kg bullet traveling horizontally with speed 1.00 3 103 m/s strikes an 18.0-kg door, embedding itself 10.0 cm from the side opposite the hinges as shown in Figure P11.41. The 1.00-m wide door is free to swing on its frictionless hinges. (a) Before it hits the door, does the bullet have angular momentum relative to the doors axis of rotation? (b) If so, evaluate this angular momentum. If not, explain why there is no angular momentum. (c) Is the mechanical energy of the bullet door system constant during this collision? Answer without doing a calculation. (d) At what angular speed does the door swing open immediately after the collision? (e) Calculate the total energy of the bulletdoor system and determine whether it is less than or equal to the kinetic energy of the bullet before the collision.

A spacecraft is in empty space. It carries on board a gyroscope with a moment of inertia of Ig 5 20.0 kg ? m2 about the axis of the gyroscope. The moment of inertia of the spacecraft around the same axis is Is 5 5.00 3 105kg?m2. Neither the spacecraft nor the gyroscope is originally rotating. The gyroscope can be powered up in a negligible period of time to an angular speed of 100 rad/s. If the orientation of the spacecraft is to be changed by 30.08, for what time interval should the gyroscope be operated?

The angular momentum vector of a precessing gyroscope sweeps out a cone as shown in Figure P11.43. The angular speed of the tip of the angular momentum vector, called its precessional frequency, is given by vp 5 t/L, where t is the magnitude of the torque on the gyroscope and L is the magnitude of its angular momentum. In the motion called precession of the equinoxes, the Earths axis of rotation precesses about the perpendicular to its orbital plane with a period of 2.58 3 104 yr. Model the Earth as a uniform sphere and calculate the torque on the Earth that is causing this precession.

A light rope passes over a light, frictionless pulley. One end is fastened to a bunch of bananas of mass M, and a monkey of mass M clings to the other end (Fig. P11.44). The monkey climbs the rope in an attempt to reach the bananas. (a) Treating the system as consisting of the monkey, bananas, rope, and pulley, find the net torque on the system about the pulley axis. (b) Using the result of part (a), determine the total angular momentum about the pulley axis and describe the motion of the system. (c) Will the monkey reach the bananas?

Comet Halley moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with its closest approach to the Sun being about 0.590 AU and its greatest distance 35.0 AU (1 AU 5 the EarthSun distance). The angular momentum of the comet about the Sun is constant, and the gravitational force exerted by the Sun has zero moment arm. The comets speed at closest approach is 54.0 km/s. What is its speed when it is farthest from the Sun?

Review. Two boys are sliding toward each other on a frictionless, ice-covered parking lot. Jacob, mass 45.0 kg, is gliding to the right at 8.00 m/s, and Ethan, mass 31.0kg, is gliding to the left at 11.0 m/s along the same line. When they meet, they grab each other and hang on. (a) What is their velocity immediately thereafter? (b) What fraction of their original kinetic energy is still mechanical energy after their collision? That was so much fun that the boys repeat the collision with the same original velocities, this time moving along parallel lines 1.20 m apart. At closest approach, they lock arms and start rotating about their common center of mass. Model the boys as particles and their arms as a cord that does not stretch. (c) Find the velocity of their center of mass. (d) Find their angular speed. (e) What fraction of their original kinetic energy is still mechanical energy after they link arms? (f) Why are the answers to parts (b) and (e) so different?

We have all complained that there arent enough hours in a day. In an attempt to fix that, suppose all the people in the world line up at the equator and all start running east at 2.50 m/s relative to the surface of the Earth. By how much does the length of a day increase? Assume the world population to be 7.00 3 109 people with an average mass of 55.0 kg each and the Earth to be a solid homogeneous sphere. In addition, depending on the details of your solution, you may need to use the approximation 1/(1 2 x) < 1 1 x for small x

A skateboarder with his board can be modeled as a particle of mass 76.0 kg, located at his center of mass, 0.500 m above the ground. As shown in Figure P11.48, the skateboarder starts from rest in a crouching position at one lip of a half-pipe (point A). The half-pipe forms one half of a cylinder of radius 6.80 m with its axis horizontal. On his descent, the skateboarder moves without friction and maintains his crouch so that his center of mass moves through one quarter of a circle. (a) Find his speed at the bottom of the half-pipe (point B). (b) Find his angular momentum about the center of curvature at this point. (c) Immediately after passing point B, he stands up and raises his arms, lifting his center of gravity to 0.950 m above the concrete (point C). Explain why his angular momentum is constant in this maneuver, whereas the kinetic energy of his body is not constant. (d) Find his speed immediately after he stands up. (e) How much chemical energy in the skateboarders legs was converted into mechanical energy in the skateboarderEarth system when he stood up?

A rigid, massless rod has three particles with equal masses attached to it as shown in Figure P11.49. The rod is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a frictionless axle perpendicular to the rod through the point P and is released from rest in the horizontal position at t 5 0. Assuming m and d are known, find (a) the moment of inertia of the system of three particles about the pivot, (b) the torque acting on the system at t 5 0, (c) the angular acceleration of the system at t 5 0, (d) the linear acceleration of the particle labeled 3 at t 5 0, (e) the maximum kinetic energy of the system, (f) the maximum angular speed reached by the rod, (g) the maximum angular momentum of the system, and (h) the maximum speed reached by the particle labeled 2.

Two children are playing on stools at a restaurant counter. Their feet do not reach the footrests, and the tops of the stools are free to rotate without friction on pedestals fixed to the floor. One of the children catches a tossed ball, in a process described by the equation 10.730 kg # m2 2 12.40 j ^ rad/s2 1 10.120 kg2 10.350 i ^ m2 3 14.30 k^ m/s2 5 30.730 kg # m2 1 10.120 kg2 10.350 m2 2 4 v S (a) Solve the equation for the unknown v S. (b) Complete the statement of the problem to which this equation applies. Your statement must include the given numerical information and specification of the unknown to be determined. (c) Could the equation equally well describe the other child throwing the ball? Explain your answer

A projectile of mass m moves to the right with a speed vi (Fig. P11.51a). The projectile strikes and sticks to the end of a stationary rod of mass M, length d, pivoted about a frictionless axle perpendicular to the page through O (Fig. P11.51b). We wish to find the fractional change of kinetic energy in the system due to the collision. (a) What is the appropriate analysis model to describe the projectile and the rod? (b) What is the angular momentum of the system before the collision about an axis through O? (c) What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis through O after the projectile sticks to the rod? (d) If the angular speed of the system after the collision is v, what is the angular momentum of the system after the collision? (e) Find the angular speed v after the collision in terms of the given quantities. (f)What is the kinetic energy of the system before the collision? (g)What is the kinetic energy of the system after the collision? (h) Determine the fractional change of kinetic energy due to the collision.

A puck of mass m 5 50.0 g is attached to a taut cord passing through a small hole in a frictionless, horizontal surface (Fig. P11.52). The puck is initially orbiting with speed vi 5 1.50 m/s in a circle of radius ri 5 0.300 m. The cord is then slowly pulled from below, decreasing the radius of the circle to r 5 0.100 m. (a) What is the pucks speed at the smaller radius? (b) Find the tension in the cord at the smaller radius. (c) How much work is done by the hand in pulling the cord so that the radius of the pucks motion changes from 0.300 m to 0.100 m?

A puck of mass m is attached to a taut cord passing through a small hole in a frictionless, horizontal surface (Fig. P11.52). The puck is initially orbiting with speed vi in a circle of radius ri. The cord is then slowly pulled from below, decreasing the radius of the circle to r. (a) What is the pucks speed when the radius is r? (b) Find the tension in the cord as a function of r. (c) How much work is done by the hand in pulling the cord so that the radius of the pucks motion changes from ri to r?

Why is the following situation impossible? A meteoroid strikes the Earth directly on the equator. At the time it lands, it is traveling exactly vertical and downward. Due to the impact, the time for the Earth to rotate once increases by 0.5 s, so the day is 0.5 s longer, undetectable to laypersons. After the impact, people on the Earth ignore the extra half-second each day and life goes on as normal. (Assume the density of the Earth is uniform.)

Two astronauts (Fig. P11.55), each having a mass of 75.0 kg, are connected by a 10.0-m rope of negligible mass. They are isolated in space, orbiting their center of mass at speeds of 5.00 m/s. Treating the astronauts as particles, calculate (a) the magnitude of the angular momentum of the two-astronaut system and (b) the rotational energy of the system. By pulling on the rope, one astronaut shortens the distance between them to 5.00 m. (c) What is the new angular momentum of the system? (d) What are the astronauts new speeds? (e) What is the new rotational energy of the system? (f) How much chemical potential energy in the body of the astronaut was converted to mechanical energy in the system when he shortened the rope?

Two astronauts (Fig. P11.55), each having a mass M, are connected by a rope of length d having negligible mass. They are isolated in space, orbiting their center of mass at speeds v. Treating the astronauts as particles, calculate (a) the magnitude of the angular momentum of the two-astronaut system and (b) the rotational energy of the system. By pulling on the rope, one of the astronauts shortens the distance between them to d/2. (c) What is the new angular momentum of the system? (d) What are the astronauts new speeds? (e) What is the new rotational energy of the system? (f) How much chemical potential energy in the body of the astronaut was converted to mechanical energy in the system when he shortened the rope?

Native people throughout North and South America used a bola to hunt for birds and animals. A bola can consist of three stones, each with mass m, at the ends of three light cords, each with length ,. The other ends of the cords are tied together to form a Y. The hunter holds one stone and swings the other two above his head (Figure P11.57a). Both these stones move together in a horizontal circle of radius 2, with speed v0. At a moment when the horizontal component of their velocity is directed toward the quarry, the hunter releases the stone in his hand. As the bola flies through the air, the cords quickly take a stable arrangement with constant 120-degree angles between them (Fig. P11.57b). In the vertical direction, the bola is in free fall. Gravitational forces exerted by the Earth make the junction of the cords move with the downward acceleration g S. You may ignore the vertical motion as you proceed to describe the horizontal motion of the bola. In terms of m, ,, and v0, calculate (a) the magnitude of the momentum of the bola at the moment of release and, after release, (b) the horizontal speed of the center of mass of the bola and (c) the angular momentum of the bola about its center of mass. (d) Find the angular speed of the bola about its center of mass after it has settled into its Y shape. Calculate the kinetic energy of the bola (e) at the instant of release and (f) in its stable Y shape. (g) Explain how the conservation laws apply to the bola as its configuration changes. Robert Beichner suggested the idea for this problem.

A uniform rod of mass 300 g and length 50.0 cm rotates in a horizontal plane about a fixed, frictionless, vertical pin through its center. Two small, dense beads, each of mass m, are mounted on the rod so that they can slide without friction along its length. Initially, the beads are held by catches at positions 10.0 cm on each side of the center and the system is rotating at an angular speed of 36.0 rad/s. The catches are released simultaneously, and the beads slide outward along the rod. (a) Find an expression for the angular speed vf of the system at the instant the beads slide off the ends of the rod as it depends on m. (b) What are the maximum and the minimum possible values for vf and the values of m to which they correspond?

Global warming is a cause for concern because even small changes in the Earths temperature can have significant consequences. For example, if the Earths polar ice caps were to melt entirely, the resulting additional water in the oceans would flood many coastal areas. Model the polar ice as having mass 2.30 3 1019 kg and forming two flat disks of radius 6.00 3 105 m. Assume the water spreads into an unbroken thin, spherical shell after it melts. Calculate the resulting change in the duration of one day both in seconds and as a percentage

The puck in Figure P11.60 has a mass of 0.120 kg. The distance of the puck from the center of rotation is originally 40.0 cm, and the puck is sliding with a speed of 80.0 cm/s. The string is pulled downward 15.0 cm through the hole in the frictionless table. Determine the work done on the puck. (Suggestion: Consider the change of kinetic energy.)

A uniform solid disk of radius R is set into rotation with an angular speed vi about an axis through its center. While still rotating at this speed, the disk is placed into contact with a horizontal surface and immediately released as shown in Figure P11.61. (a) What is the angular speed of the disk once pure rolling takes place? (b) Find the fractional change in kinetic energy from the moment the disk is set down until pure rolling occurs. (c) Assume the coefficient of friction between disk and surface is m. What is the time interval after setting the disk down before pure rolling motion begins? (d) How far does the disk travel before pure rolling begins?

In Example 11.9, we investigated an elastic collision between a disk and a stick lying on a frictionless surface. Suppose everything is the same as in the example except that the collision is perfectly inelastic so that the disk adheres to the stick at the endpoint at which it strikes. Find (a) the speed of the center of mass of the system and (b) the angular speed of the system after the collision.

A solid cube of side 2a and mass M is sliding on a frictionless surface with uniform velocity v S as shown in Figure P11.63a. It hits a small obstacle at the end of the table that causes the cube to tilt as shown in Figure P11.63b. Find the minimum value of the magnitude of v S such that the cube tips over and falls off the table. Note: The cube undergoes an inelastic collision at the edge.

A solid cube of wood of side 2a and mass M is resting on a horizontal surface. The cube is constrained to rotate about a fixed axis AB (Fig. P11.64). A bullet of mass m and speed v is shot at the face opposite ABCD at a height of 4a/3. The bullet becomes embedded in the cube. Find the minimum value of v required to tip the cube so that it falls on face ABCD. Assume m ,, M.