A type of cell called a lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the cell. You

You look into a microscope and view an unknown cell. What might you see that would tell you whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? a. a rigid cell wall b. a nucleus c. a plasma membrane d. ribosomes

Explain how each word in the term fluid mosaic describes the structure of a membrane.

Identify which of the following structures includes all the others in the list: rough ER, smooth ER, endomembrane system, the Golgi apparatus.

The ER has two distinct regions that differ in structure and function. Lipids are synthesized within the __________, and proteins are synthesized within the __________.

A type of cell called a lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the cell. You can track the path of these proteins within the cell from production through export by labeling them with radioactive isotopes. Identify which of the following structures would be radioactively labeled in your experiment, listing them in the order in which they would be labeled: chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleus, mitochondria.

Name two similarities in the structure or function of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Name two differences.

Match the following organelles with their functions: a. ribosomes b. microtubules c. mitochondria d. chloroplasts e. lysosomes 1. movement 2. photosynthesis 3. protein synthesis 4. digestion 5. cellular respiration

DNA controls the cell by transmitting genetic messages that result in protein production. Place the following organelles in the order that represents the flow of genetic information from the DNA through the cell: nuclear pores, ribosomes, nucleus, rough ER, Golgi apparatus.

Compare and contrast cilia and flagella.

The cells of plant seeds store oils in the form of droplets enclosed by membranes. Unlike the membranes you learned about in this chapter, the oil droplet membrane consists of a single layer of phospholipids rather than a bilayer. Draw a model for a membrane around an oil droplet. Explain why this arrangement is more stable than a bilayer.

Imagine that you are a pediatrician and one of your patients is a newborn who may have a lysosomal storage disease. You remove some cells from the patient and examine them under the microscope. What would you expect to see? Design a series of tests that could reveal whether the patient is indeed suffering from a lysosomal storage disease.

Interpreting Data A population of bacteria may evolve resistance to a drug over time. Draw a graph that represents such a change. Label the x-axis as time and the y-axis as population size. Draw a line on the graph that represents how the size of the population might change over time after the introduction of a new antibiotic. Label the point on your line where the new drug was introduced, and then indicate how the population size might change over time after that introduction.

Doctors at a university medical center removed John Moores spleen, which is a standard treatment for his type of leukemia. The disease did not recur. Researchers kept the spleen cells alive in a nutrient medium. They found that some cells produced a blood protein that showed promise as a treatment for cancer and AIDS. The researchers patented the cells. Moore sued, claiming a share in profits from any products derived from his cells. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Moore, stating that his lawsuit threatens to destroy the economic incentive to conduct important medical research. Moore argued that the ruling left patients vulnerable to exploitation at the hands of the state. Do you think Moore was treated fairly? What else would you like to know about this case that might help you decide?

Scientists are learning to manipulate living cells in various ways, changing their genetic composition and the way they function. Some biotechnology companies have sought to patent their unique engineered cell lines. Do you think it is in societys best interest to allow cells to be patented? Why or why not? Do you think the same patent rules should apply whether the cells originate from a human or from a bacterium?