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1.1
Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions
1.2
Recognizing Arguments
1.3
Deduction and Induction
1.4
Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency
1.5
Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity
1.6
Extended Arguments
2.1
Varieties of Meaning
2.2
The Intension and Extension of Terms
2.3
Definitions and Their Purposes
2.4
Definitional Techniques
2.5
Criteria for Lexical Definitions
3.1
Fallacies in General
3.2
Fallacies of Relevance
3.3
Fallacies of Weak Induction
3.4
Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, and Illicit Transference
3.5
Fallacies in Ordinary Language
4.1
The Components of Categorical Propositions
4.2
Quality, Quantity, and Distribution
4.3
Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square of Opposition
4.4
Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition
4.5
The Traditional Square of Opposition
4.6
Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint
4.7
Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form
5.1
Standard Form, Mood, and Figure
5.2
Venn Diagrams
5.3
Rules and Fallacies
5.4
Reducing the Number of Terms
5.5
Ordinary Language Arguments
5.6
Enthymemes
5.7
Sorites
6.1
Symbols and Translation
6.2
Truth Functions
6.3
Truth Tables for Propositions
6.4
Truth Tables for Arguments
6.5
Indirect Truth Tables
6.6
Argument Forms and Fallacies
7.1
Rules of Implication I
7.2
Rules of Implication II
7.3
Rules of Replacement I
7.4
Rules of Replacement II
7.5
Conditional Proof
7.6
Indirect Proof
7.7
Proving Logical Truths
8.1
Symbols and Translation
8.2
Using the Rules of Inference
8.3
Quantifier Negation Rule
8.4
Conditional and Indirect Proof
8.5
Proving Invalidity
8.6
Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers
8.7
Identity
9
Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning
10
Causality and Mills Methods
11
Probability
12
Statistical Reasoning
13
Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning
14
Science and Superstition
Textbook Solutions for A Concise Introduction to Logic
Chapter 4.2 Problem 5
Question
All human contacts with benzene are potential causes of cancer.
Solution
The first step in solving 4.2 problem number 13 trying to solve the problem we have to refer to the textbook question: All human contacts with benzene are potential causes of cancer.
From the textbook chapter Quality, Quantity, and Distribution you will find a few key concepts needed to solve this.
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full solution
Title
A Concise Introduction to Logic 12
Author
Patrick J. Hurley
ISBN
9781285196541