A mineral is light colored, transparent, has a hardness of

Problem 4MCQ Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals? A. a rock can contain more than one mineral B. a mineral is composed of chemical elements C. a single rock can include more than one mineral D. all of these

Problem 1MCQ What is the main type of rocks in the Peninsular Ranges of Southern California and Mexico? A. volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano B. granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth C. flat-lying sedimentary rocks D. unconsolidated sand and gravel

Problem 3MCQ Which of the following is a mineral? A. ice B. crystals grown in a laboratory C. volcanic glass D. material with crystals of different chemical compounds E. none of these

Problem 2MCQ Which of the following is NOT a mineral? A. liquid water B. crystals grown in a laboratory C. volcanic glass D. piece of wood E. all of these

Problem 107MCQ From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image. A. This mineral displays one direction of cleavage. B. This mineral displays three directions of cleavage. C. This mineral has a conchoidal fracture.

Problem 106MCQ From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in these images. Both images show the same type of mineral. A. This mineral has a metallic luster. B. This mineral is opaque, meaning that it is not clear; light does not pass through it. C. This mineral has cleavage. D. None of these.

Problem 7MCQ What are the two main ways that minerals are put together in rocks? A. igneous versus metamorphic B. igneous versus sedimentary C. metamorphic versus sedimentary D. crystalline versus clastic

Problem 8MCQ Important characteristics to observe in rocks include: A. types of minerals present B. sizes and shapes of crystals C. presence or absence of layers D. all of the above

Problem 11MCQ Which of the following is true about tests we can perform on a mineral? A. a softer mineral will scratch a harder mineral B. many common minerals react (effervesce) with dilute hydrochloric acid C. a streak plate is used to determine how hard a mineral is D. many minerals are strongly magnetic E. none of these

Problem 12MCQ A mineral property that can be observed without using a test is: A. effervescence B. magmatism C. hardness D. cleavage E. all of these

Problem 9MCQ What mineral property is illustrated by this photograph? A. crystal form B. cleavage C. color D. luster

Problem 6MCQ What type of rock is shown in this photograph? A. crystalline rock B. clastic rock C. rock with minerals that are too small to see D. none of these

Problem 5MCQ What type of rock is shown in this photograph? A. crystalline rock B. clastic rock C. rock with minerals that are too small to see D. none of these

Problem 10MCQ Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral? A. cleavage B. luster C. crystal form D. streak E. color

Problem 18MCQ What mineral test is shown in this photograph? A. scratch test B. effervescence C. streak D. magnetism E. specific gravity

Problem 16MCQ What mineral test is shown in this photograph? A. scratch test B. effervescence C. streak D. magnetism E. specific gravity

Problem 14MCQ What mineral test is shown in this photograph? A. scratch test B. effervescence C. streak D. magnetism E. specific gravity

Problem 17MCQ What mineral is characterized by a reddish streak, as shown in this photograph? A. quartz B. feldspar C. calcite D. hematite E. magnetite

Problem 13MCQ What mineral is shown in this photograph? A. quartz B. feldspar C. calcite D. hematite E. magnetite

Problem 19MCQ A cube of some rock weighs 6 grams, and a same-sized cube of water weighs 2 grams. What is the specific gravity of this rock? A. 0.5 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 6

Problem 15MCQ What mineral is shown in this photograph? A. quartz B. feldspar C. calcite D. hematite E. magnetite

Problem 20MCQ What arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate? A. cubic B. tetrahedron C. octahedron D. dodecahedron

Problem 23MCQ A crystal with a well-defined shape, such as a cube, probably: A. does not reflect the arrangement of atoms in the lattice B. grew early and so was forced to grow around other minerals C. does not have a well-defined cleavage D. will react with dilute hydrochloric acid E. none of these

Problem 25MCQ Which of the following characterizes a liquid state of matter? A. Atoms are packed together with a relatively fixed shape. B. Atoms are poorly connected and can expand to fill the available volume. C. Atoms are held together, but weakly enough that the material is mobile and can change shape. D. The material retains its shape and volume unless deformed, dissolved, or perturbed in some other way.

Problem 24MCQ What does the shape of these crystals indicate about the environment in which they formed? A. They formed at great depth and under very high pressures. B. They formed from cold water that was moving rapidly through the rocks. C. They formed into a space filled with water rather than solid rock. D. They grew during an explosive volcanic eruption.

Problem 22MCQ The mineral halite has cube-shaped crystals because: A. there are no planes along which the mineral can break B. cubes are the most common way two tetrahedron can join C. of the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice D. halite is soluble in water

Problem 27MCQ What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure? A. one direction B. two perpendicular directions C. two nonperpendicular directions D. three perpendicular directions E. three nonperpendicular directions

Problem 26MCQ What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure? A. one direction B. two perpendicular directions C. two nonperpendicular directions D. three perpendicular directions E. three nonperpendicular directions

Problem 29MCQ What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure? A. one direction B. two perpendicular directions C. two nonperpendicular directions D. three perpendicular directions E. three nonperpendicular directions

Problem 30MCQ What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure? A. one direction B. two perpendicular directions C. two nonperpendicular directions D. three perpendicular directions E. three nonperpendicular directions

Problem 28MCQ What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure? A. one direction B. two perpendicular directions C. two nonperpendicular directions D. three perpendicular directions E. three nonperpendicular directions

Problem 31MCQ If a mineral fractures, how many directions of cleavage does it have? A. four directions of cleavage B. three directions of cleavage C. two directions of cleavage D. one direction of cleavage E. no directions of cleavage

Problem 32MCQ If a mineral cleaves into thin sheets, it probably has: A. no well-defined cleavage planes B. three directions of cleavage C. fractures rather than cleavage D. one dominant direction of cleavage E. none of these

Problem 34MCQ In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of elements are in the group that includes elements C, O, and S? A. metals B. nonmetals C. noble gases D. silicates

Problem 33MCQ In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of elements are in the group that includes elements Cu, Ag, and Au? A. metals B. nonmetals C. noble gases D. silicates

Problem 36MCQ What class of minerals form when the element Si is bonded with element O, as in the mineral quartz? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. halides E. sulfides

Problem 38MCQ What class of mineral forms when the element S is bonded with a metal, as iron in the mineral pyrite? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. halides E. sulfides

Problem 35MCQ In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of elements are in the group that includes elements He, Ne, and Ar? A. metals B. nonmetals C. noble gases D. silicates

Problem 37MCQ What class of mineral forms when the element C is bonded with element O, as in the mineral calcite? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. halides E. sulfides

Problem 39MCQ What class of mineral forms when the element O is bonded with a metal, as in the mineral hematite? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. halides E. sulfides

Problem 42MCQ Which of the following is NOT a major class of rock-forming minerals? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. argonites

Problem 44MCQ Which of the following is NOT a main type of silicate structure? A. single chains B. double chains C. triple chains D. sheets E. frameworks

Problem 43MCQ The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: A. halides B. sulfates C. native minerals D. silicates E. asbestos

Problem 40MCQ What class of mineral forms when the elements Cl or F is bonded with a metal, as in the mineral halite? A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. halides E. sulfides

Problem 45MCQ Which of the following is true about asbestos? A. There are several types of asbestos, but they represent the same mineral. B. Different types of asbestos have the same health risks. C. Each type of asbestos has long, straight fibers. D. Asbestos represents different minerals with different health risks.

Problem 41MCQ Which of the following is NOT a main group of chemical elements on the Periodic Table? A. transition metals B. nonmetals C. noble gases D. sulfides

Problem 46MCQ What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. independent tetrahedra B. single chains C. double chains D. sheets E. frameworks

Problem 47MCQ What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. independent tetrahedra B. single chains C. double chains D. sheets E. frameworks

Problem 48MCQ What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. independent tetrahedra B. single chains C. double chains D. sheets E. frameworks

Problem 50MCQ What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. one direction of cleavage B. two perpendicular directions of cleavage C. two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage D. the mineral factures instead of cleaves

Problem 49MCQ What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. independent tetrahedra B. single chains C. double chains D. sheets E. frameworks

Problem 52MCQ What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. one direction of cleavage B. two perpendicular directions of cleavage C. two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage D. the mineral factures instead of cleaves

Problem 51MCQ What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? A. one direction of cleavage B. two perpendicular directions of cleavage C. two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage D. the mineral factures instead of cleaves

Problem 53MCQ What type of atom is represented by the small brown sphere in the center of this silica tetrahedron? A. aluminum B. silicon C. iron D. chlorine E. sulfur

Problem 54MCQ The dominant shape in which silicon and oxygen atoms combine in silicate minerals is: A. cube B. prism C. hexagon D. octagon E. none of these

Problem 59MCQ A mineral is light colored, transparent, has a hardness of seven, and fractures rather than cleaves. What minerals is it? A. garnet B. quartz C. biotite D. muscovite E. feldspar

Problem 55MCQ How do silica tetrahedra bond in silicate minerals? A. with each other by sharing an oxygen B. with other elements, such as potassium C. in single or double chains D. in sheets E. all of these

Problem 58MCQ The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored, transparent, has a hardness of seven, and fractures rather than cleaves. It does not effervesce. What mineral is it? A. garnet B. quartz C. biotite D. muscovite E. feldspar

Problem 56MCQ The very common mineral shown in this photograph is commonly a pink- to cream-colored mineral with wavy, light-colored lines. It does not effervesce. What mineral is it? A. garnet B. quartz C. biotite D. muscovite E. feldspar

Problem 57MCQ Which mineral is commonly pinkish and has light-colored wavy lines? A. quartz B. potassium feldspar C. pyroxene D. amphibole E. olivine

Problem 60MCQ Which of the following is generally a light-colored silicate mineral? A. quartz B. pyroxene C. amphibole D. biotite E. all of these

Problem 61MCQ Which of the following minerals is typically green and has no cleavage? A. muscovite B. plagioclase feldspar C. biotite D. quartz E. olivine

Problem 62MCQ Which of the following is a dark-colored silicate mineral? A. quartz B. potassium feldspar C. muscovite D. biotite E. none of these

Problem 66MCQ Which of the following minerals is a sulfide and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals? A. pyrite B. hematite C. dolomite D. gypsum E. halite

Problem 63MCQ This iron oxide mineral commonly has a reddish color and consistently has red streak. What mineral is it? A. calcite B. dolomite C. hematite D. magnetite E. pyrite

Problem 64MCQ This very common carbonate mineral effervesces when it contacts dilute HCl. What mineral is it? A. calcite B. dolomite C. hematite D. magnetite E. pyrite

Problem 67MCQ Which of the following is NOT composed of calcium carbonate? A. calcite B. pyrite C. marble D. shells E. limestone

Problem 68MCQ Which of the following is a silicate mineral? A. hematite B. pyrite C. gypsum D. calcite E. garnet

Problem 65MCQ The mineral shown in this photograph is a sulfide mineral and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals. What mineral is it? A. pyrite B. hematite C. dolomite D. gypsum E. halite

Problem 69MCQ Which of the following pairs of minerals is NOT part of the same nonsilicate mineral group? A. calcite and dolomite B. hematite and magnetite C. pyrite and galena D. plagioclase feldspar and potassium feldspar

Problem 70MCQ Which layer in the earth has a composition similar to the granite shown in this photograph? A. continental crust B. oceanic crust C. mantle D. core

Problem 73MCQ This figure illustrates the average abundance in: A. Earth's crust B. oceanic crust only C. continental crust only D. the entire earth E. the universe

Problem 74MCQ The three elements most abundant in the entire Earth are: A. sulfur, oxygen, helium B. helium, hydrogen, oxygen C. aluminum, potassium, sodium D. iron, oxygen, silicon E. hydrogen, helium, and argon

Problem 71MCQ Which layer in the earth has a composition similar to the green olivine in the center of this rock? A. continental crust B. oceanic crust C. mantle D. core

Problem 72MCQ Which layer in the earth has a composition similar to the meteorite shown in this photograph? A. continental crust B. oceanic crust C. mantle D. core

Problem 76MCQ Which of the following minerals are common in Earth's crust? A. quartz B. feldspar C. oxide minerals D. calcite E. all of these

Problem 78MCQ This figure illustrates the average abundance in: A. Earth's crust B. oceanic crust only C. continental crust only D. the entire earth E. the universe

Problem 80MCQ Which of the following is very common in oceanic crust? A. dark-colored silicate minerals B. metallic iron C. metallic nickel D. quartz

Problem 81MCQ What three kinds of particles are the main building blocks of an atom? A. nucleus, proteus, lattice B. spheroid, cube, tetrahedron C. proton, neutron, electron D. hydrogen, helium, bohrium E. none of these

Problem 77MCQ The two elements most abundant in the earth's crust are: A. helium and hydrogen B. iron and magnesium C. sodium and potassium D. silicon and oxygen E. iron and nickel

Problem 79MCQ The two elements most abundant in the universe are: A. helium and hydrogen B. iron and magnesium C. sodium and potassium D. silicon and oxygen E. iron and nickel

Problem 82MCQ Which of the following largely determines an atom's atomic weight? A. the number of neutrons B. the number of electrons C. the number of electrons in the outer shell D. the number of protons and neutrons

Problem 83MCQ Rows in the Periodic Table correspond to: A. the number of protons in the nucleus B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus C. the number of electron shells D. the atomic weight E. all of these

Problem 86MCQ Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element silicon (Si)? A. it has 4 electron shells and 3 electrons in the outer shell B. it has 3 electron shells and 4 electrons in the outer shell C. it has 2 electron shells and 2 electrons in the outer shell D. it has 14 electrons in the outer shell E. none of these

Problem 84MCQ Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element magnesium (Mg)? A. it has 3 electron shells B. it has 3 electrons in the outer shell C. it has 2 neutrons and 3 protons D. all of these

Problem 88MCQ The height of each element on this figure represents its electronegativity. Which elements would most likely form an ionic bond? A. elements in the middle, like copper (Cu) B. an element that bonds with itself, like carbon (C) C. elements on the far right column of the Periodic Table D. an element on the left side and an element on the right side of the Periodic Table

Problem 85MCQ Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element oxygen (O)? A. it has 6 electron shells and 2 electrons in the outer shell B. it has 6 protons and 2 neutrons C. it has 6 neutrons and 2 protons D. none of these

Problem 87MCQ Based on the different crystalline structure of these two carbon minerals, how would the two minerals likely differ? A. The left mineral would have one direction of cleavage. B. The right mineral would have one direction of cleavage. C. The minerals would have the same type of cleavage since both contain only carbon. D. The minerals would have the same hardness because both contain only carbon.

Problem 90MCQ In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons? A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. intermolecular

Problem 89MCQ In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons, as shown in this figure? A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. intermolecular

Problem 91MCQ In which of the following types of bonding do atoms loan one or more electrons, as shown in this figure? A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. intermolecular

Problem 95MCQ What characteristic of water helps it cause a mineral, such as halite, to dissolve? A. the small size of the hydrogen atoms B. the polar nature of the water molecule C. the electronegativity of hydrogen D. the electronegativity of oxygen E. all of these

Problem 92MCQ In which of the following types of bonding are electrons shared widely by many atoms, as shown in this figure? A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. intermolecular

Problem 96MCQ What causes a water molecule to be polar? A. the magnetic properties of oxygen B. the magnetic properties of hydrogen C. the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule D. the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions

Problem 94MCQ What molecule is shown in this figure? A. silica B. salt C. halite D. water E. carbonate

Problem 93MCQ Which side of this molecule has a negative charge? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. all of these E. none of these

Problem 97MCQ When halite dissolves in water the: A. chlorine and sodium atoms are surrounded by water molecules but stay together B. chlorine and sodium atoms bond together C. chlorine atom loses all of its electrons to the water molecules D. chlorine and sodium atoms become separated by water molecules

Problem 98MCQ Which of the following is a common use of a mineral? A. hematite and magnetite are used for iron and steel B. halite is used as salt C. phosphorous is used in fertilizer D. feldspar is used in ceramics E. all of these

Problem 99MCQ Which of the following mineral is used more for its chemical components than for its physical properties? A. gypsum B. gold C. feldspar D. clay minerals E. hematite

Problem 100MCQ Which of these minerals could be used to make glass windows? A. calcite B. gypsum C. quartz D. hematite E. clay minerals

Problem 102MCQ Which of these minerals would be the main component in the cement slab in your house? A. calcite B. gypsum C. quartz D. hematite E. clay minerals

Problem 101MCQ Which of these minerals would you use to make wallboard for the interior walls of your house? A. calcite B. gypsum C. quartz D. hematite E. clay minerals

Problem 103MCQ What is a diagnostic characteristic of a mineral used to make a cement slab in your house? A. it is magnetic B. it has a hardness of 7 C. it has a hardness of 1 D. it has one main direction of cleavage E. it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid

Problem 105MCQ From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in these images. Both images show the same type of mineral. A. This mineral displays two directions of cleavage. B. This mineral effervesces with dilute HCl without being pulverized into a fine powder. C. This mineral flakes into thin sheets.

Problem 104MCQ From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image. A. This mineral does not have cleavage. B. This mineral effervesces with dilute HCl. C. This mineral has a metallic luster. D. This mineral flakes into thin sheets. E. None of these.

Problem 21MCQ What arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate? A. cubic B. tetrahedron C. octahedron D. dodecahedron

Problem 75MCQ This figure illustrates the average abundance in: A. Earth's crust B. oceanic crust only C. continental crust only D. the entire earth E. the universe