Solved: Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to

One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that a. its habitat is fragmented. b. it is a rare, top-level predator. c. its effective population size is much lower than its total population size. d. its genetic diversity is very low. e. it is not well adapted to edge conditions

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in Earths atmosphere over the past 150 years is a. increased worldwide primary production. b. increased worldwide standing crop. c. an increase in the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the atmosphere. d. the burning of larger amounts of wood and fossil fuels. e. additional respiration by the rapidly growing human population

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity? a. overharvesting of commercially important species b. introduced species that compete with native species c. pollution of Earths air, water, and soil d. disruption of trophic relationships as more and more prey species become extinct e. habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

Which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification? a. Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to toplevel predators than to primary consumers. b. Populations of top-level predators are generally smaller than populations of primary consumers. c. The biomass of producers in an ecosystem is generally higher than the biomass of primary consumers. d. Only a small portion of the energy captured by producers is transferred to consumers. e. The amount of biomass in the producer level of an ecosystem decreases if the producer turnover time increases.

Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex? a. Capture all remaining individuals in the population for captive breeding followed by reintroduction to the wild. b. Establish a reserve that protects the populations habitat. c. Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species. d. Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population. e. Control populations of the endangered populations predators and competitors

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which one is not correct? a. About 25% of Earths land area is now protected. b. National parks are one of many types of protected areas. c. Most protected areas are too small to protect species. d. Management of a protected area should be coordinated with management of the land surrounding the area. e. It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots.

Using Figure 43.26 as a starting point, extend the x-axis to the year 2100. Then extend the CO2 curve, assuming that the CO2 concentration continues to rise as fast as it did from 1974 to 2011. What will be the approximate CO2 concentration in 2100? What ecological factors and human decisions will influence the actual rise in CO2 concentration? How might additional scientific data help societies predict this value?

Suppose that you are managing a forest reserve, and one of your goals is to protect local populations of woodland birds from parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird. You know that female cowbirds usually do not venture more than about 100 m into a forest and that nest parasitism is reduced when woodland birds nest away from forest edges. The reserve you manage extends about 6,000 m from east to west and 1,000 m from north to south. It is surrounded by a deforested pasture on the west, an agricultural field for 500 m in the southwest corner, and intact forest everywhere else. You must build a road, 10 m by 1,000 m, from the north to the south side of the reserve and construct a maintenance building that will take up 100 m2 in the reserve. Draw a map of the reserve, showing where you would put the road and the building to minimize cowbird intrusion along edges. Explain your reasoning

One factor favoring rapid population growth by an introduced species is the absence of the predators, parasites, and pathogens that controlled its population in the region where it evolved. In a short essay (100150 words), explain how evolution by natural selection would influence the rate at which native predators, parasites, and pathogens in a region of introduction attack an introduced species.

In a short essay (100150 words), identify the factor or factors that you think may ultimately be most important in regulating the human population, and explain your reasoning