List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life

Define anatomy and physiology.

Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.

Name the six levels of structural organization that make up the human body, and explain how they are related.

Name the organ systems of the body, and briefly state the major functions of each system.

Identify and classify by organ system all organs discussed.

List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.

List the five survival needs of the human body.

Define homeostasis, and explain its importance.

Define negative feedback, and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function.

Verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position.

Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes.

Locate the major body cavities, and list the chief organs in each cavity.

Consider the following levels: (1) chemical; (2) tissue; (3) organ; (4) cellular; (5) organismal; (6) systemic. Which of the following choices has the levels listed in order of increasing complexity?

Which of the following is (are) involved in main- taining homeostasis? a. Effector b. Control center c. Receptor d. Feedback e. Lack of change

Which is not essential to survival? a. Water b. Oxygen c. Gravity d. Atmospheric pressure e. Nutrients

Using the terms listed below, fill in the blank with the proper term. anterior superior medial proximal superficial posterior inferior lateral distal deep The heart is located _________ to the diaphragm. The muscles are _________ to the skin. The shoulder is _________ to the elbow. In anatomical position, the thumb is _________ to the index finger. The vertebral region is _________ to the scapular region. The gluteal region is located on the _________ sur- face of the body.

Match the proper anatomical term (column B) with the common name (column A) for the body re- gions listed below. Column A Column B _____ 1. buttocks a. inguinal _____ 2. back b. frontal _____ 3. shoulder blade c. dorsal _____ 4. front of elbow d. lumbar _____ 5. toes e. gluteal _____ 6. groin f. antecubial _____ 7. forehead g. plantar _____ 8. lower back h. digital _____ 9. sole of foot i. scapular

Anatomical terms that apply to the backside of the body in the anatomical position include a. ventral and anterior. b. back and rear. c. posterior and dorsal. d. head and lateral.

A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient. Into what body cavity will the needle be inserted? a. Ventral b. Thoracic c. Dorsal d. Cranial e. Pelvic

Which of the following groupings of the abdomi- nopelvic regions is medial? a. Hypochondriac, hypogastric, umbilical b. Hypochondriac, lumbar, inguinal c. Hypogastric, umbilical, epigastric d. Lumbar, umbilical, iliac e. Iliac, umbilical, hypochondriac

Define anatomy and physiology.

List the 11 organ systems of the body, briefly de- scribe the function of each, and then name two organs in each system.

Explain the meaning of homeostasis as applied to the living organism.

What is the consequence of loss of homeostasis, or homeostatic imbalance?

Many body structures are symmetrical. Are the kid- neys symmetrical? What about the stomach?

On what body surface is each of the following lo- cated: nose, calf of leg, ears, umbilicus, fingernails?

Which of the following organ systemsdigestive, respiratory, reproductive, circulatory, urinary, or muscularare found in both subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? Which are found in the thoracic cavity only? In the abdominopelvic cavity only?

A nurse informed John that she was about to take blood from his antecubital region. What part of his body was she referring to? Later, she came back and said that she was going to give him an antibi- otic shot in the deltoid region. Did he take off his shirt or pants to get the shot? Before John left the office, the nurse noticed that his left sural region was badly bruised. What part of his body was black and blue?

How is the concept of homeostasis (or its loss) related to disease and aging? Provide examples to support your reasoning.

Jennifer fell off her motorcycle and tore a nerve in her axillary region. She also tore ligaments in her cervical and scapular regions and broke the only bone of her right brachial region. Explain where each of her injuries is located.

Mr. Garcia is behaving abnormally, and doctors strongly suspect he has a brain tumor. Which medi- cal imaging deviceconventional X ray, DSA, PET, ultrasound, or MRTwould be best for precisely locating a tumor within the brain? Explain your choice.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted in response to a drop in calcium levels in the blood. The secre- tion of PTH is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. What can you expect to happen to calcium blood levels as increased amounts of PTH are secreted, and why?

Mr. Harvey, a computer programmer, has been com- plaining about numbness and pain in his right hand. His physician diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome and prescribed a splint. Where will Mr. Harvey apply the splint? Be sure to use correct anatomical terminology in your answer.