Mr. Grayson is receiving a drug treatment trans-dermally (through the skin). Explain why

List the general functions of each membrane type cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial and give its location in the body.

Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane types.

List several important functions of the integumentary system, and explain how these functions are accomplished.

When provided with a model or diagram of the skin, recognize and name the following skin structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland.

Name the layers of the epidermis, and describe the characteristics of each.

Name the factors that determine skin color, and describe the function of melanin.

Describe the distribution and function of the epidermal derivativessebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair.

Differentiate first-, second-, and third-degree burns.

Explain the importance of the rule of nines.

Summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

List several examples of integumentary system aging.

Select the one false statement about mucous and serous membranes. a. The epithelial type is the same in all serous membranes, but there are different epithelial types in different mucous membranes. b. Serous membranes line closed body cavities, whereas mucous membranes line body cavities open to the outside. c. Serous membranes always produce serous fluid, and mucous membranes always secrete mucus. d. Both membranes contain an epithelium plus a layer of loose connective tissue.

Serous membranes a. line the mouth. b. have parietal and visceral layers. c. consist of epidermis and dermis. d. have a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria. e. secrete a lubricating fluid.

Which is not a component of sweat? a. Water b. Sodium chloride c. Sebum d. Ammonia e. Vitamin D

Which structure is not associated with a hair? a. Shaft b. Cortex c. Matrix d. Cuticle e. Lunule

In investigating the cause of thinning hair, which of the following questions needs to be asked? a. Is the diet deficient in proteins? b. Is the person taking megadoses of vitamin C? c. Has the person been exposed to excessive radia- tion? d. Has the person recently suffered severe emo- tional trauma?

Which structure is not associated with a nail? a. Nail bed b. Lunule c. Nail folds d. Nail follicle

Which one of the following is not associated with the production of perspiration? a. Sweat glands b. Sweat pores c. Arrector pili d. Eccrine gland e. Apocrine gland

Which of the following is not a skin structure? a. Nerve fiber b. Hair papilla c. Hair d. Nail

Match the structures on the right with their function listed on the left. ___1.Protection from ultraviolet radiation ___2. Insulation, energy storage ___3. Waterproofing and preventing water loss ___4. Temperature regulation ___5. Excretion of water, urea, and salts ___6. Produces the patterns for fingerprints a. Reticular layer of the dermis b. Dermal blood supply c. Papillary layer of the dermis d. Hypodermis e. Melanocytes f. Stratum corneum g. Eccrine sweat glands

What is the name of the connective tissue membrane found lining the joint cavities?

From what types of damage does the skin protect the body?

Explain why we become tanned after sitting in the sun.

What is a decubitus ulcer? Why does it occur?

Name two different categories of skin secretions and the glands that manufacture them.

How does the skin help to regulate body temperature?

What is a blackhead?

What are arrector pili? What do they do?

Which skin cancer arises from the youngest epidermal cells?

Why does hair turn gray?

Name three changes that occur in the skin as one ages.

Is a bald man really hairless? Explain.

A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. What is cyanosis? What does its presence indicate?

Both newborn infants and aged individuals have very little subcutaneous tissue. How does this affect their sensitivity to cold environmental temperature?

A 40-year-old beachboy is complaining to you that his suntan made him popular when he was young but now his face is all wrinkled, and he has several darkly pigmented moles that are growing rapidly and are as big as large coins. He shows you the moles, and immediately you think ABCD. What does that mean, and why should he be concerned?

Rebecca, the mother of a 13-month-old infant, brings her child to the clinic because his skin has turned orange. Why does the pediatrician inquire about the childs diet?

The water of a swimming pool is hypotonic to our cells. Why do we not swell and pop when we go for a swim?

Mr. Rossi, a fisherman in his late sixties, comes to the clinic to complain of small ulcers on both fore- arms as well as on his face and ears. Although he has had them for several years, he has not had any other problems. What is the likely diagnosis, and what is the likely cause?

Mr. Grayson is receiving a drug treatment trans- dermally (through the skin). Explain why drugs delivered by this route are fat-soluble rather than water-soluble.

Which type of injection would allow a drug to be absorbed more rapidlyintradermal or subcutane- ous (a shallow injection just deep to the epider- mis)? Why?

Think about the types and characteristics of cell junctions (Chapter 3). How does this help to ex- plain why sunburned skin often peels in sheets?