Indicate several ways that pregnancy alters ormodifies the functioning of the mothers

Discuss the common purpose of the reproductive system organs.

When provided with a model or diagram, identify the organs of the male reproductive system, and discuss the general function of each.

Name the endocrine and exocrine products of the testes.

Discuss the composition of semen, and name the glands that produce it.

Trace the pathway followed by a sperm from the testis to the body exterior.

Define erection, ejaculation, and circumcision.

Define spermatogenesis and meiosis.

Describe the structure of a sperm, and relate its structure to its function.

Describe the effect of FSH and LH on testis functioning.

When provided with an appropriate model or diagram, identify the organs of the female reproductive system, and discuss the general function of each.

Describe the functions of the vesicular follicle and corpus luteum of the ovary.

Define endometrium, myometrium, and ovulation.

Indicate the location of the following regions of the female uterus: cervix, fundus, body.

Define oogenesis.

Describe the influence of FSH and LH on ovarian function.

Describe the phases and controls of the menstrual cycle.

Describe the structure and function of the mammary glands.

Define fertilization and zygote.

Describe implantation.

Distinguish between an embryo and a fetus.

List the major functions of the placenta.

Indicate several ways that pregnancy alters or modifies the functioning of the mothers body.

List several agents that can interfere with normal fetal development.

Describe how labor is initiated, and briefly discuss the three stages of labor.

Describe the importance of the presence/ absence of testosterone during embryonic development of the reproductive system organs.

Define menarche and menopause.

List common reproductive system problems seen in adult and aging men and women.

Which of the following are accessory sex structures in the male? a. Gonads b. Gametes c. Broad shoulders d. Seminal glands

In terms of development, which of these pairs is mismatched? a. Vaginapenis b. Testisovary c. Labia majorascrotum d. Uterine tubeductus deferens

The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, and the endometrium is the ____________ layer. a. serosa b. adventitia c. submucosa d. mucosa

All of the following are true of the gonadotropins except that they are a. secreted by the pituitary gland. b. LH and FSH. c. hormones with important functions in both males and females. d. the sex hormones secreted by the gonads.

The approximate area between the anus and clito- ris in the female is the a. peritoneum. b. perineum. c. vulva. d. labia.

Which of the following attach to the ovary? a. Fimbriae b. Ovarian ligament c. Suspensory ligaments d. Broad ligament

Human ova and sperm are similar in that a. about the same number of each is produced per month. b. they have the same degree of motility. c. they are about the same size. d. they have the same number of chromosomes.

Select the false statement about the cervix of the uterus. a. It is the superiormost part of the uterus. b. It projects into the vagina. c. Its cervical glands secrete mucus. d. It contains the cervical canal.

Each month, typically only one a. primary follicle is stimulated. b. follicle secretes estrogen. c. vesicular follicle undergoes ovulation. d. ovary is stimulated.

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle a. degenerates. b. becomes a corpus luteum. c. sloughs off as waste material. d. mends and produces another oocyte.

The outer layer of the blastocyst, which attaches to the uterine wall, is the a. yolk sac. b. inner cell mass. c. amnion. d. trophoblast.

The usual and most desirable presentation for birth is a. vertex. b. breech. c. nonvertex. d. head first.

During human embryonic development, organo- genesis occurs a. during the first trimester. b. during the second trimester. c. during the third trimester. d. just before birth.

What are the primary sex organs, or gonads, of males? What are their two major functions?

What is the function of seminal fluid? Name the three types of glands that help produce it.

The penis contains erectile tissue that becomes en- gorged with blood during sexual excitement. What term is used to describe this event?

Define ejaculation.

Why are the male gonads not found in the abdomi- nal cavity? Where are they found?

How does enlargement of the prostate interfere with a mans reproductive function?

When does spermatogenesis begin? What causes it to begin?

Testosterone causes the male secondary sex char- acteristics to appear at puberty. Name three ex- amples of male secondary sex characteristics.

Explain why a mans sexual responsiveness and secondary sex characteristics generally remain un- changed after a vasectomy.

Name the female gonad, and describe its two major functions.

Why is the term urogenital system more applicable to males than females?

Name the structures of the female duct system, and describe the important functions of each.

Given that the uterine tubes are not continuous with the ovaries, how can you explain the fact that not all ovulated eggs end up in the females peri- toneal cavity?

What is a follicle? What is ovulation?

The female cell that is ovulated is not a mature sex cell (ovum). When or under what conditions does it become mature?

What ovarian structures produce estrogens? Name the second hormone produced by the same structures.

What ovarian structures produce estrogens? Name the second hormone produced by the same structures.

Define menopause. What does this mean to a woman?

Define fertilization. Where does fertilization usu- ally occur? Describe the process of implantation.

How is body functioning of a pregnant woman altered by her pregnancy?

What events trigger labor?

Delivery of the infant occurs during which stage of labor?

What is the indifferent stage of embryonic devel- opment?

What are the major events of puberty?

Compare the effects of aging on the male and female reproductive systems Compare the effects of aging on the male and female reproductive systems.

A pregnant woman in substantial pain called her doctor and explained (between sobs) that she was about to have her baby right away. The doctor calmed her and asked how she had come to that conclusion. She said that her water had broken and that her husband could see the babys head. (a) Was she right to believe that birth was immi- nent? If so, what stage of labor was she in? (b) Do you think she had time to make it to the hospital 60 miles away? Why or why not?

Crystal had both her left ovary and her right uterine tube removed surgically at age 17 because of a cyst and a tumor in these organs. Now, at age 32, she remains healthy and is expecting her second child. How could Crystal conceive a child with just one ovary and one uterine tube, widely separated on opposite sides of the pelvis like this?

A sperm enters a polar body, and their nuclei fuse. Why would it be unlikely for the resulting cell to develop into a healthy embryo?