What is the harmful result when excessive amounts of fats are burned for energy Name two

Which of the following reactions would liberate the most energy? (a) complete oxidation of a molecule of sucrose to \(CO_2\) and water, (b) conversion of a molecule of ADP to ATP, (c) respiration of a molecule of glucose to lactic acid, (d) conversion of a molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water.

The formation of glucose from glycogen is (a) gluconeogenesis, (b) glycogenesis, (c) glycogenolysis, (d) glycolysis.

The net gain of ATP from the complete metabolism (aerobic) of glucose is closest to (a) 2, (b) 30, (c) 3, (d) 4.

Which of the following best defines cellular respiration? (a) intake of carbon dioxide and output of oxygen by cells, (b) excretion of waste products, (c) inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide, (d) oxidation of substances by which energy is released in usable form to the cells.

What is formed during aerobic respiration when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain? (a) oxygen, (b) water, (c) glucose, (d) NADH 1 H1.

Metabolic rate is relatively low in (a) youth, (b) physical exercise, (c) old age, (d) fever.

In a temperate climate under ordinary conditions, the greatest loss of body heat occurs through (a) radiation, (b) conduction, (c) evaporation, (d) none of the above.

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? (a) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, (b) synthesis of cholesterol, (c) detoxification of alcohol and drugs, (d) synthesis of glucagon, (e) deamination of amino acids.

Amino acids are essential (and important) to the body for all the following except (a) production of some hormones, (b) production of antibodies, (c) formation of most structural materials, (d) as a source of quick energy. 1

A person has been on a hunger strike for seven days. Compared to normal, he has (a) increased release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, and ketosis, (b) elevated glucose concentration in the blood, (c) increased plasma insulin concentration, (d) increased glycogen synthase (enzyme) activity in the liver.

Transamination is a chemical process by which (a) protein is synthesized, (b) an amine group is transferred from an amino acid to a keto acid, (c) an amine group is cleaved from the amino acid, (d) amino acids are broken down for energy.

Three days after removing the pancreas from an animal, the researcher finds a persistent increase in (a) acetoacetic acid concentration in the blood, (b) urine volume, (c) blood glucose, (d) all of the above.

Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity are interrelated. Thus, (a) hunger sensations arise primarily from the stimulation of receptors in the stomach and intestinal tract in response to the absence of food in these organs; (b) obesity, in most cases, is a result of the abnormally high enzymatic activity of the fatsynthesizing enzymes in adipose tissue; (c) in all cases of obesity, the energy content of the ingested food has exceeded the energy expenditure of the body; (d) in a normal individual, increasing blood glucose concentration increases hunger sensations.

Body temperature regulation is (a) influenced by temperature receptors in the skin, (b) influenced by the temperature of the blood perfusing the heat regulation centers of the brain, (c) subject to both neural and hormonal control, (d) all of the above.

Which of the following yields the greatest caloric value per gram? (a) fats, (b) proteins, (c) carbohydrates, (d) all are equal in caloric value.

What is cellular respiration? What is the common role of FAD and NAD1 in cellular respiration?

Describe the site, major events, and outcomes of glycolysis.

Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is not the substance that joins with the pickup molecule to enter the Krebs cycle. What is that substance?

Define glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis. Which is (are) likely to be occurring (a) shortly after a carbohydrate-rich meal, (b) just before waking up in the morning?

What is the harmful result when excessive amounts of fats are burned for energy? Name two conditions that might lead to this result.

Make a flowchart that indicates the pivotal intermediates through which glucose can be converted to fat.

Distinguish between the role of HDLs and that of LDLs.

List some factors that influence plasma cholesterol levels. Also list the sources and fates of cholesterol in the body.

What is meant by body energy balance, and what happens if the balance is not precise?

Explain the effect of the following on metabolic rate: thyroxine levels, eating, body surface area, muscular exercise, emotional stress, starvation.

Explain the terms core and shell relative to body temperature balance. What serves as the heat-transfer agent from one to the other?

Compare and contrast mechanisms of heat loss with mechanisms of heat promotion, and explain how these mechanisms determine body temperature.