Chemistry: Matter & Change 1st Edition - Solutions by Chapter

For proteins, a feature of secondary structure that forms when a portion of the protein twists into a spiral.

A class of colored compounds that are formed via azo coupling.

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. (5.3)

A three-dimensional shape that can be adopted by a compound as a result of rotation about single bonds.

A region of a polymer inwhich the chains are linearly extended and closein proximity to one another, resulting in van der Waals forces that hold the chains close together.

An elimination reaction involving the loss of H and a halogen (such as Cl, Br, or I).

A reaction in which there is substitution of an electrophile, E1, for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring

A thermodynamic function associated with the number of different equivalent energy states or spatial arrangements in which a system may be found. It is a thermodynamic state function, which means that once we specify the conditions for a system—that is, the temperature, pressure, and so on—the entropy is defined. (Section 19.2)

The structure of the transition state for an exothermic step looks more like the reactants of that step than the products. Conversely, the structure of the transition state for an endothermic step looks more like the products of that step than the reactants.

In radical reactions, a type of arrow-pushing pattern in which a hydrogen atom is abstracted by a radical, generating a new radical.

A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure substance is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of constant composition. (Section 1.2)

A metal complex in which the electrons are paired in lower-energy orbitals. (Section 23.6)

A theory of chemical bonding in which electrons in molecules occupy molecular orbitals that extend over the entire molecule and are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals that make up the molecule

The NO+ ion, which is formed when NaNO2 is treated with HCl.

A property that a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons. A paramagnetic substance is drawn into a magnetic field. (Section 9.8)

See lanthanide element. (Sections 6.8 and 6.9)

The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a precessing nucleus and the resulting “fl ip” of its nuclear spin from the lower energy state to the higher energy state.

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution. (Sections 4.2 and 13.2)

A quantum number associated with the electron spin; it may have values of +12 or -12. (Section 6.7)

A reaction in which one substrate produces two stereoisomers in unequal amounts.