Solutions for Chapter 14: Acids and Bases

The positions that are adjacent to the vinylic positions of a carboncarbon double bond.

A mass exactly equal to 1 12th the mass of one carbon-12 atom. (3.1)

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which an aryldiazonium salt reacts with an activated aromatic ring.

A chemical reaction in which a small molecule (such as a molecule of water) is split out from between two reacting molecules. (Sections 12.6 and 22.8)

The number of adjacent atoms to which an atom is directly bonded. In a complex the coordination number of the metal ion is the number of donor atoms to which it is bonded. (Sections 12.37 and 24.2)

A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

The amount of fissionable material necessary to maintain a nuclear chain reaction. (Section 21.7)

Any substituent on a benzene ring that causes the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution to be lower than that for benzene.

A chemical reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more products. (Section 3.2)

Plasma particles, density 1.06–1.21 g/mL, consisting of approximately 33% proteins, 30% cholesterol, 29% phospholipids, and 8% triglycerides.

An orbital formed by the combination of two or more atomic orbitals.

An effect that explains why alkyl groups stabilize a carbocation.

Solids that are composed of molecules. (Sections 12.1 and 12.6)

The percent of a substance that undergoes ionization on dissolution in water. The term applies to solutions of weak acids and bases. (Section 16.6)

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain, read from the N-terminal amino acid to the C-terminal amino acid.

Lipids that contain 20 carbon atoms and are characterized by a five-membered ring with two side chains.

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution. (Sections 4.2 and 13.2)

A process by which one or more compounds are removed from a mixture of organic compounds, based on a difference in solubility and/or acid-base properties.

An addition reaction in which two groups are added to the same face of a p bond.

The SI unit for magnetic fi eld strength.