Solutions for Chapter 12.14: Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Halogens
Full solutions for Organic Chemistry, | 9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402741
Solutions for Chapter 12.14: Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Halogens
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Solutions for Chapter 12.14
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Organic Chemistry, was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780073402741. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. Chapter 12.14: Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Halogens includes 1 full step-by-step solutions. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Organic Chemistry, , edition: 9. Since 1 problems in chapter 12.14: Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Halogens have been answered, more than 34112 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter.
Key Chemistry Terms and definitions covered in this textbook
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actinide element
Element in which the 5f orbitals are only partially occupied. (Section 6.8)
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alloy.
A solid solution composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with one or more nonmetals. (21.2)
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atomic mass unit (amu).
A mass exactly equal to 1 12th the mass of one carbon-12 atom. (3.1)
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beta sheet
A structural form of protein in which two strands of amino acids are hydrogen-bonded together in a zipperlike configuration. (Section 24.7)
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Brønsted-Lowry base
A compound that can serve as a proton acceptor.
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chemistry.
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. (1.1)
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curved arrows
Tools that are used for drawing resonance structures and for showing the flow of electron density during each step of a reaction mechanism.
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decomposition reaction.
The breakdown of a compound into two or more components. (4.4)
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electron
A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus; it is a part of all atoms. An electron has a mass 1>1836 times that of a proton. (Section 2.3)
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exothermic process
A process in which a system releases heat to its surroundings. (Section 5.2)
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heat of sublimation
The enthalpy change, ?H, for vaporization of a solid. (Section 11.4)
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Homolytic bond cleavage
Cleavage of a bond so that each fragment retains one electron; formation of radicals.
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ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom when the atom is in its ground state. (Section 7.4)
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Le Châtelier’s principle
A principle stating that when we disturb a system at chemical equilibrium, the relative concentrations of reactants and
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Lewis acid
Any molecule or ion that can form a new covalent bond by accepting a pair of electrons.
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Lewis structures
A drawing style inwhich the electrons take center stage.linear polymer (Sect. 27.6): A polymer thathas only a minimal amount of branching or nobranching at all.
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parts per billion (ppb)
The concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 109 (billion) grams of solution; equals micrograms of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions. (Section 13.4)
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rate equation
An equation thatdescribes the relationship between the rate of a reactionand the concentration of reactants.
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resonance structures
A series of structures that are melded together (conceptually) to circumvent the inadequacies of bond-line drawings.
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triplet
In NMR spectroscopy, a signal that is comprised of three peaks.