Solutions for Chapter 8: Delocalized Electrons and Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction

A substance that is able to donate a H+ ion (a proton) and, hence, increases the concentration of H+1aq2 when it dissolves in water. (Section 4.3)

An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. (5.2)

Organic material that bacteria are able to oxidize. (Section 18.4)

A reaction involving loss of CO2, characteristic of compounds containing a carbonyl group that is beta to a COOH group.

For alkenes, a classification method that refers to the number of alkyl groups connected to the double bond.

A lone pair or charge that is participating in resonance.

From the German, entgegen, opposite. Specifi es that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on opposite sides

An organic compound that has an OR group attached to a carbonyl; it is the product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. (Section 24.4)

In Diels-Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are anti to the larger bridge.

A long, unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most commonly of 12 to 20 carbons, derived from the hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or the phospholipids of biological membranes.

A fi ve-membered cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

A method forpreparing primary amines that avoids formation of secondary and tertiary amines.

A spectrum that contains radiation at only certain specific wavelengths. (Section 6.3)

A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.

A rule stating that the molecular ion of a compound with an odd number of nitrogen atoms has an odd m/z ratio; if zero or an even number of nitrogen atoms, the molecular ion has an even m/z ratio

The ratio of the actual (experimental) yield of a product to its theoretical (calculated) yield, multiplied by 100. (Section 3.7)

Any chemical species that contains one or more unpaired electrons.

Compounds containing silicon and oxygen, structurally based on SiO4 tetrahedra. (Section 22.10)

For a chiral compound that is subjected to plane-polarized light, the observed rotation when a standard concentration (1 g/mL) and a standard path length (1 dm) are used.

A compound whose carbon skeleton can be divided into two or more units identical with the carbon skeleton of isoprene