Solutions for Chapter 18: Reactions at the A- Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds

A temperature scale that uses the absolute zero of temperature as the lowest temperature. (5.3)

The particular arrangement of atoms found at the top of the potential-energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products. (Section 14.5)

A compound that possesses a carbon-carbon double bond.

When applying Woodward-Fieser rules, the groups attached to the chromophore.

The number of 12C atoms in exactly 12 g of 12C; it equals 6.022 * 1023 mol-1. (Section 3.4)

A tetrahedral atom, most commonly carbon, that is bonded to four different groups; also called a chirality center

In gas chromatography, a plot that identifies the retention time of each compound in the mixture.

A reaction characterized by the addition of two hydroxyl groups (OH) across an alkene.

A process in which a system absorbs heat from its surroundings. (Section 5.2)

The lowest-energy electron confi guration for an atom or molecule.

A catalyst that does not dissolve in the reaction medium.

A compound containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond, R2C"NR’; also called a Schiff base

The term used to describe the wave characteristics of a moving particle. (Section 6.4)

For a peptide chain,the end that contains the amino group.

The study of carbon-containing compounds, typically containing carbon–carbon bonds. (Section 2.9; Chapter 24:Introduction)

The conversion of a ketone or aldehyde into an imine under conditions in which the imine is reduced as soon as it is formed, giving an amine.

A reaction with a negative DG, which means that products are favored at equilibrium.

The total of (single bonds + lone pairs) for an atom in a compound.

A reaction that converts an aldehyde or ketone into an alkene, with the introduction of one or more carbon atoms.

Reduction of the C"O group of an aldehyde or ketone to a CH2 group using hydrazine and a base. Ylide (Section 16.6)