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Psychology / Myers' Psychology for AP 2 / Chapter 8

Myers' Psychology for AP | 2nd Edition | ISBN: 9781464113079 | Authors: David G. Myers

Myers' Psychology for AP 2nd Edition solutions

Author: David G. Myers
Publisher: Worth Publishers
ISBN: 9781464113079
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Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Consider your own experiences in relation to Maslows hierarchy of needs. Have you ever experienced true hunger or thirst that displaced your concern for other, higher-level needs? Do you usually feel safe? Loved? Confident? How often do you feel you are able to address what Maslow called your self-ac

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
While on a long road trip, you suddenly feel very hungry. You see a diner that looks pretty deserted and creepy, but you are really hungry, so you stop anyway. What motivational perspective would most easily explain this behavior, and why?

Chapter: Problem: 1

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do psychologists define motivation? From what perspectives do they view motivated behavior?

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is an unlearned, complex behavior exhibited by all members of a species? a. Reflex b. Drive c. Incentive d. Instinct e. Motive

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is an aroused motivational state created by a physiological need? a. Drive b. Instinct c. Incentive d. Reflex e. Motive

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson law? a. Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low. b. Performance is best when arousal is extremely high. c. Performance is best when arousal is extremely low. d. Performance on difficult tasks is best when ar

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is the lowest priority motive in Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs? a. Belongingness and love needs b. Physiological needs c. Esteem needs d. Self-actualization needs e. Self-transcendence needs

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How can you use Maslows hierarchy of needs to explain why a hungry young person would steal? lonely new student in a school would join a club? successful artist would continue to invest tremendous effort in her career?

Chapter: Problem: 37

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Describe how three different motivational theories could explain a young mans desire to become an excellent soccer player.

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What physiological factors produce hunger?

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What cultural and situational factors influence hunger?

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese?

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is the major source of energy in your body? a. PYY b. Arcuate nucleus c. Hypothalamus d. Ghrelin e. Glucose

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the bodys resting rate of energy expenditure? a. Hunger b. Set point c. Basal metabolic rate d. Body chemistry e. Settling point

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following statements is true? a. We eat less dessert when there are three different desserts available. b. Serving sizes in France are generally larger than in the United States. c. Offered a supersized portion, most of us consume fewer calories. d. We eat more when were around others. e

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Explain the activity of the appetite hormones insulin and leptin.

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
. Explain the difference between set point and basal metabolic rate.

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Do you feel in touch with your bodys hunger signals? Do you eat when your body needs food? Or do you tend to be more externally influenced by enticing foods even when youre full?

Chapter: Problem: 38

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Youve skipped lunch to meet with your guidance counselor so you havent eaten anything in eight hours. As your favorite dish is placed in front of you, your mouth waters. Even imagining this may set your mouth to watering. What triggers this anticipatory salivation?

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What is the human sexual response cycle, and what dysfunctions disrupt it?

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do hormones, and external and internal stimuli, influence human sexual motivation?

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following best describes the relationship between gender and orgasm? a. You can use fMRIs to identify when orgasm occurs in men, but this method is unreliable in women. b. Men describe orgasm in physical terms and women describe orgasm in emotional terms. c. Orgasm activates subcortical

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
About percent of the population experience sexual fantasies. a. 95 b. 68 c. 50 d. 35 e. 20

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is true concerning the effect of sex hormones? a. Hormone injections can be used to easily manipulate sexual behavior in males but not in females. b. Hormone injections can be used to easily manipulate sexual behavior in both males and females. c. Sex hormones have a more direc

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Describe one influence on sexual motivation from each of the following categories: Biological Psychological Social-cultural

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Name and briefly describe the four stages of the sexual response cycle identified by Masters and Johnson

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What psychological and social-cultural factors have affected your sexual motivation?

Chapter: Problem: 39

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How might the evolutionary perspective, drive-reduction theory, and arousal theory explain our sexual motivation?

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Have there been times when you felt out of the loop with family and friends, or even ostracized by them? How did you respond?

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How might the evolutionary perspective, drive-reduction theory, and arousal theory explain our affiliation needs?

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What evidence points to our human affiliation needour need to belong?

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How does social networking influence us?

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
If you are trying to maintain a healthy balance between connecting with others online and a real-world perspective, which of the following suggestions should you follow? a. Monitor your feelings. b. Dismiss the notion of logging online time. c. Interact often with your more distracting online friends

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following statements about mobile networks and social media is accurate? a. There are more home toilets in India than there are cell phones. b. Cell phones have been historys most rapidly adopted technology. c. Fewer than 75 percent of American youth are cellphone users. d. Phone calling

Chapter: Problem: 40

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following words or phrases best identifies our gauge of how valued and accepted we feel? a. Hope b. Autonomy c. Competenced. Self-esteeme. Ostracism

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do arousal and expressive behaviors interact in emotion?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
To experience emotions, must we consciously interpret and label them?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What is the link between emotional arousal and the autonomic nervous system? How does arousal affect performance?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Do different emotions activate different physiological and brain-pattern responses?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How effective are polygraphs in using body states to detect lies?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
One night Samar became frightened when she was startled by a noise while walking down the street alone. Which theory of emotion would say that her fear resulted from the startle response alone? a. James-Lange b. Cannon-Bard c. Two-factor d. Lazarus e. Schachter-Singer

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that a. emotional response occurs before cognition. b. physiological response occurs before emotional response. c. emotional response occurs before physiological response. d. cognition occurs before emotional response. e. physiological response and emotion occ

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is an example of cognitive appraisal? a. Randal is happy all day because he is savoring the wonderful events of yesterday. b. Charles is frightened in a dark alley because he remembers stories of others being attacked in dark alleys. c. Sherika labels the arousal she is feeling

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following characterizes the low road neural pathway to emotions? a. Information travels directly from the thalamus to the amygdala. b. The emotion results more slowly than it would via the high road. c. It is an example of top-down processing. d. It is more likely to be utilized for comp

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Explain the role of conscious thinking in emotion according to the theory that some emotions take the high road while others take the low road.

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Lynns boyfriend has not replied to her last three text messages. Lynn is experiencing anger, increased blood pressure, and rapid breathing. Analyze this situation using both the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard theories of emotion.

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Can you remember a time when you began to feel upset or uneasy and only later labeled those feelings?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Christine is holding her 8-month-old baby when a fierce dog appears out of nowhere and, with teeth bared, leaps for the babys face. Christine immediately ducks for cover to protect the baby, screams at the dog, then notices that her heart is banging in her chest and shes broken out in a cold sweat. H

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Can you think of a recent time when you noticed your bodys reactions to an emotionally charged situation, such as a difficult social setting or perhaps even a test or game you were worrying about in advance? Did you perceive the situation as a challenge or a threat? How well did you do?

Chapter: Problem: 41

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect our emotional responses?

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Can you think of one situation in which you would like to change the way you feel, and create a simple plan for doing so? For instance, if you would like to feel more cheerful on your way to class tomorrow morning rather than dragging yourself there, you might try walking brisklywith head held high a

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do we communicate nonverbally? How do the genders differ in this capacity?

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How are nonverbal expressions of emotion understood within and across cultures?

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How do our facial expressions influence our feelings?

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What do we call the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness? a. Culture-specific expression b. Moebius syndrome c. Botox d. Facial feedback effect e. Culturally universal expression

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding emotion? a. Smiles are neither social nor emotional events. b. Inhabitants of individualist countries are more likely to display nonverbal emotions than inhabitants of collectivist countries. c. Mouths convey more emotion than eyes. d. Nati

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which subfield of psychology provides psychologys contribution to behavioral medicine? a. Cognitive b. Health c. Clinical d. Educational e. Community

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Name the phenomenon describing the impact facial expressions can have on our disposition, and give an example.

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Name four pieces of evidence that suggest women are more empathic than men.

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What events provoke stress responses, and how do we respond and adapt to stress?

Chapter: Problem: 42

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Who tends to express more emotionmen or women? How do we know the answer to that question?

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is an example of stress? a. Ray is tense and anxious as he has to decide which college to attend. b. Sunga is assigned an extra shift at work. c. Joes parents are allowing him to stay home alone while they go away for a weekend. d. Linda remembers to repay a friend the $10 she

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) begins with a. resistance. b. appraisal. c. exhaustion.d. alarm.e. challenge

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Xavier has a huge math test coming up next Tuesday. Explain two ways appraisal can determine how stress will influence his test performance.

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Name and briefly describe the three phases of Hans Selyes general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How often is your stress response system activated? What are some of the things that have triggered a fight-or-flight response for you?

Chapter: Problem: 43

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What two processes happen simultaneously when our stress response system is activated? What happens if the stress is continuous?

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Are there changes you could make to avoid the persistent stressors in your life?

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which component of the Type A personality has been linked most closely to coronary heart disease?

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
How does stress make us more vulnerable to disease?

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Why are some of us more prone than others to coronary heart disease?

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following best identifies any stressrelated physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches? a. Bacterial infection b. Psychoneuroimmunology c. Allergic reaction d. Psychophysiological illness e. Viral infection

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What is North Americas leading cause of death? a. Psychosomatic disorders b. Coronary heart disease c. Cancer d. Depression e. Stroke

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What did a famous Harvard University public health study identify as a factor that doubles the risk of heart disease? a. Optimism b. Apathy c. Pessimism d. Competitiveness e. AIDS

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Explain the two types of people identified by Friedman and Rosenman in their study on stress responses and personality traits.

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Explain the difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which theory explains that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to reduce the need? a. Instinct theory b. Drive-reduction theory c. Achievement motivation d. Arousal theory e. Hierarchy of needs

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Attempts to control social behavior by using the punishing effects of isolation is an example of a. attachment disorder. b. ostracism. c. exploitation. d. wanting to belong. e. conforming

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which theory explains why, even when our biological needs are satisfied, we may still feel driven to experience stimulation? a. Incentive b. Homeostasis c. Instinctd. Arousal theorye. Physiology

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Why does further weight loss come slowly following a rapid loss during the initial three weeks of a rigorous diet? a. The number of fat cells makes further weight loss impossible. b. When a persons hunger increases, metabolism increases. c. When an obese persons set point has been reached, weight los

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Research on semistarvation found that men who were given just enough food to stabilize their weight at 25 percent below their starting weight a. became obsessed with physical exercise. b. were more interpersonally outgoing. c. showed increases in mental cognition. d. were in a state of homeostasis. e

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is the best biological explanation for why the human body stores fat? a. Fat signals affluence and social status. b. Fat is a fuel reserve during periods when food is scarce. c. Fat is a display of abundant food sources. d. Fat keeps the body warm in winter climates. e. Fat com

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What do we call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior? a. Incentive b. Refractory period c. Emotion d. Motivation e. Instinct

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following actions is a violation of Maslows hierarchy of needs? a. A person who moves to a new city gets an apartment before beginning to make friends. b. A very hungry reality show contestant searches for food before trying to win a competition. c. A professor spends time socially with

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
What term refers to the ability of the bodys physiological processes to maintain a balanced or constant internal state? a. Hierarchy of needs b. Basal metabolic rate c. Homeostasis d. Instinct e. Motivation

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
A person who eats excessively and never seems to feel full may have which of the following conditions? a. Tumor in the hypothalamus b. Too much insulin c. Stomach ulcer d. Stomach bypass surgery e. Too much of the hormone PYY

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following is one of the stages of the sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson? a. Expulsion b. Plateau c. Attraction d. Compensation e. Depolarization

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Emotions are a mix of consciously experienced thoughts, expressive behaviors, and physiological arousal. Which theory emphasized the importance of consciously experienced thoughts? a. Facial feedback theory b. James-Lange theory c. Arousal and performance theory d. Fight-or-flight theory e. Schachter

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Surveys conducted with people who have high spinal cord injuries suggest to researchers that emotions are a. entirely cognitive, requiring no physical response to be intense. b. largely dependent upon our bodily responses and behaviors. c. mostly a social response to surrounding factors. d. mostly a

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from where? a. Parasympathetic nervous system b. Hippocampus c. Brain stem d. Adrenal glands e. Hypothalamus

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
When hearing emotions conveyed in another language, what emotion can people most readily detect? a. Sadness b. Happiness c. Anger d. Fear e. Surprise

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Brain scans and EEG recordings indicate that positive emotions are associated with high levels of activity in which brain section? a. Right temporal lobe b. Cerebellum c. Left frontal lobe d. Left temporal lobe e. Right parietal lobe

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which one of the following statements about stress is true? a. Surgical wounds heal more slowly in stressed humans. b. Stress has no effect on those exposed to cold viruses. c. There is no correlation between stress and longevity. d. Stress makes us more resistant to infection and heart disease. e. A

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which of the following statements about nonverbal expression is true? a. People blind from birth do not usually exhibit common facial expressions. b. The meaning of gestures is the same across cultures. c. Facial signs of emotion are generally understood across world cultures. d. People from differen

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Which psychological concept would predict that smiling warmly on the outside would cause you to feel better on the inside? a. Relative deprivation b. Mimicry c. Empathy d. Facial feedback e. Catharsis

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
After an alarming event, your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration are high, and you have an outpouring of hormones. Hans Selye would most likely guess that you are in which general adaptation syndrome phase? a. Exhaustion b. Resistance c. Immobilization d. Collapse e. Shock

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Explain how each of the following psychological concepts might relate to how Bill feels five months later when he receives a letter of acceptance from the University of Michigan. Maslows hierarchy James-Lange theory Cannon-Bard theory Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Hopes soccer team is playing in the championship game today. Hope knows the opposing team is the defending champion and that this will be a challenging game. Explain how the following theories apply to Hopes performance and reactions during the game. Yerkes-Dodson law Affiliation needs Schachter-S

Chapter: Problem: 44

Myers' Psychology for AP 2
Franz is 17 and wants to lose 15 pounds. Explain how the following factors might contribute to the success or failure of his weight-loss attempt. Social influence Set point Sleep Incentive theory

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