Seeing Through Statistics 4th Edition solutions

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Find the percentile for the observed value in the following situations: a. Quantitative reasoning GRE score of 146 (mean 5 151.3, s.d. 5 8.7). b. Stanford-Binet IQ score of 97 (mean 5 100, s.d. 5 15). c. Womans height of 68 inches (mean 5 65 inches, s.d. 5 2.5 inches). d. Mans height of 68 inches

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Suppose researchers want to know whether smoking cigars increases the risk of esophageal cancer. a. Could they conduct a randomized experiment to test this? Explain. b. If they conducted an observational study and found that cigar smokers had a higher rate of esophageal cancer than those who did no

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Explain why the number of people in a sample is an important factor to consider when designing a study.

Seeing Through Statistics 4
In Case Study 19.1, we learned that about 56% of American adults actually voted in the presidential election of 1992, whereas about 61% of a random sample claimed that they had voted. The size of the sample was not specified, but suppose it were based on 1600 American adults, a common size for such s

Seeing Through Statistics 4
An advertiser of a certain brand of aspirin (lets call it Brand B) claims that it is the preferred painkiller for headaches, based on the results of a survey of headache sufferers. The choices given to respondents were: Tylenol, ExtraStrength Tylenol, Brand B aspirin, Advil. a. Is this an open or cl

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Research by Slovic and colleagues (1982) found that people judged that accidents and diseases cause about the same number of deaths in the United States, whereas, in truth, diseases cause about 16 times as many deaths as accidents. Us ing the material from this chapter, explain why the researchers fo

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Suppose a study measured total beer sales and number of highway deaths for 1 month in various cities. Explain why it would make sense to divide both variables by the population of the city before determining whether a relationship exists between them.

Seeing Through Statistics 4
A doctor claims to be able to cure migraine headaches. A researcher administers a questionnaire to each of the patients the doctor claims to have cured. Is this study a survey, an experiment, an observational study, or a case study? Explain your reasoning

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Explain whether there is likely to be variability in the following measurements if they were to be taken on 10 consecutive days for the same student. If so, explain whether the variability most likely would be due to natural variability across time, natural variability across individuals, measurement

Seeing Through Statistics 4
An advertisement for a cross-country ski machine, NordicTrack, claimed, In just 12 weeks, research shows that people who used a NordicTrack lost an average of 18 pounds. Explain how each of the following components should have been addressed if the research results are fair and unbiased. a. Componen

Seeing Through Statistics 4
For each of the following pairs of variables measured on college students, explain whether the relationship between them would be a deterministic one or a statistical one. a. Hours per day spent studying, on average, and hours per night spent sleeping, on average. b. Height in inches and height in

Seeing Through Statistics 4
In each of the following cases, would the mean or the median probably be higher, or would they be about equal? a. Salaries in a company employing 100 factory workers and two highly paid executives. b. Ages at which residents of a suburban city die, including everything from infant deaths to the mos

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Suppose a study of employees at a large company found a negative correlation between weight and distance walked on an average day. In other words, people who walked more weighed less. Would you conclude that walking causes lower weight? Can you think of another potential explanation?

Seeing Through Statistics 4
If each of the following measurements were to be taken on a group of 50 college students (once only for each student), it is unlikely that all 50 of them would yield the same value. In other words, there would be variability in the measurements. In each case, explain whether their values are likely t

Seeing Through Statistics 4
For each of the following pairs of variables measured for cities in North America, explain whether the relationship between them would be a deterministic one or a statistical one. a. Geographic latitude of the city and average temperature in January for the city. b. Average temperature in January f

Seeing Through Statistics 4
In each of the following cases, explain how you know that the population of measurements could not be normally distributed. a. The population is all families in the world that have exactly four children, and the measurement is the number of boys in the family. b. The population is all college stude

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Suppose that a television network wants to know how daytime television viewers feel about a new soap opera the network is broadcasting. A staff member suggests that just after the show ends they give two phone numbers, one for viewers to call if they like the show and the other to call if they dont.

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Many research organizations give their interviewers an exact script to follow when conducting interviews to measure opinions on controversial issues. Why do you think they do so?

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Over many years, rainfall totals for Sacramento, CA, in January ranged from a low of about 0.05 inch to a high of about 19.5 inches. The median was about 3.1 inches. Based on this information, explain how you can tell that the distribution of rainfall values in Sacramento in January cannot be bell-sh

Seeing Through Statistics 4
Explain why a randomized experiment allows researchers to draw a causal conclusion, whereas an observational study does not.