BIOL 241: Applied Physiology

Explore the world of proprioceptors specialized sensory receptors in joints muscles and tendons that help us sense body movement and position. Understand the key types such as muscle spindles tendon organs and joint kinesthetic receptors. Learn why tactile discs are not considered proprioceptors even though they are sensory receptors

Discover the multifaceted role of cytokines as the body's cellular messengers. Uncover their pivotal tasks in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Dive into their significance in cell growth, differentiation, and inter-cellular communication.

Explore the intricacies of nucleic acids, the macromolecules essential to life. Understand the roles of DNA and RNA, and delve into the structure of nucleotides—the fundamental building blocks of these crucial biomolecules.

Discover the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis detailing Earth's primordial conditions and the potential birth of life. Learn about the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules, the rise of protobionts, and the evolution to the first true cells.

Explore the effects of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions on plant and animal cells. Understand water movement, solute concentration dynamics, and the resulting cellular changes, including turgidity in plants and crenation or lysis in animals.

Journey through the intricate layers of life, from the foundational atoms and molecules that shape our world to the grand evolution of organisms. Discover how tools, like the microscope, revolutionized our understanding, and delve deep into the essence of biology. Experience the fusion of history, science, and the beauty of nature in one comprehensive exploration.