The assembly consists of three titanium (Ti-6A1-4V) rods

 Ento 2010 Week 7 Notes  February 22, 2016 o Order: Odonata  Odous=tooth  Common name: dragonflies, damselflies  Species: 5,000 o Dragonflies & Damselflies  Incomplete metamorphosis  Biting mouthparts  2 pairs of wings  VERY large eyes  VERY small antennae  Long abdomen  Nymphs are aquatic  Nymphs and adults are predators  Considered beneficial  Front and back wings beat independently o Damselfly vs. dragonfly  Damselflies:  are smaller than dragonflies  hold wings straight back at rest o dragonflies hold wings out to side  lay eggs in plant stems under water o dragonflies lay eggs on water surface o Note:  Adults regulate their temperature  Nymphs are predators  “nymph” stage lasts for 1-3 years  nymph to adult stage is dangerous  must first pump hemolymph into its wings o Damselflies & Dragonflies:  Hunt prey by sight  Use leg hairs to catch prey  Excellent fliers  Muscles are attached to wings (like birds and bats) o Insect behavior : reaction of insects to specific conditions o Note:  Males are territorial  Mate in “wheel position”  Male first removes rival sperm from female  Male and female are in “tandem” during egg laying  This keeps other males from mating with female  February 24, 2016 o Order: Blattodea  Blatta=cockroach  Common name: cockroaches  Species: 3,500 o Cockroaches  Incomplete metamorphosis  Chewing mouthparts  2 pairs of wings  natural omnivores  flattened bodies  eggs laid in case=ootheca  domestic pests o omnivore : eats both plants and animal material o cockroaches can be a nuisance in the kitchen o cockroaches are adapted to living with humans o only 20 cockroach species are pests o peripheral vision o antennae detect food and water  keep antennae clean o tail hairs are sensitive to movement o cockroach Defense Against Pest Control “Bait”  smell bait at a distance  touch bait with antennae  touch bait with hairs on mouthparts  chew and taste bait  cockroaches spread diseases (bacteria) mechanically!  And they can cause allergies o Termites evolved from cockroaches:  Cockroach fossils are around 300 million years old  Some eat wood o Like termites, these cockroaches have protozoans to digest cellulose o Protozoans are passed on to baby cockroaches via feces  Female cockroach “cares for young” by carrying ootheca o Cockroach reproduction  Male strokes female antennae to identify her  Male offers a food gift to her  They mate end to end  Females mate once and store sperm  She can have 7 broods  Ootheca has 40 eggs  Nymphs burst ootheca by gulping air  February 26,2016 o Order: Orthroptera  Orthos=straight  Ptera=wings  Common name: grasshoppers, crickets, locusts  20,000 species o Grasshoppers/Crickets  Incomplete metamorphosis  Chewing mouthparts  Front wings are narrow  Back wings are fan-like  Strong hind legs  Males produce sound  Sound receptors on leg/abdomen  Oviposit eggs is soil or a plant  Plant eaters  Major agricultural pests o Stridulation: production of sound to attract a mate o Cricket songs:  Each species is different  More chirps/second=higher temperature  Establish territory  Call a female  Warn others of predators o How is sound produced  Crickets and some grasshoppers:  Rub a wing against a wing  Grasshoppers and locusts:  Rub a leg against a wing  Wings and legs have bumps and ridges= “file & scraper”  Wings can serve as an amplifier o Crickets & Grasshoppers:  “call” to find a mate  mate at night to reduce danger from predators  some predators and parasites are attracted to “call”  it is safer to be a strong “silent” male o Cricket uses:  Court case to lower rent  China: raise crickets for fights  Sell for fish bait  A cricket genus=Gryllus o Locusts:  #1 agricultural insect pest in the world  2 phases: solitary; gregarious  stimulation of hairs on back legs of solitary locusts causes swarming: solitary locusts-----> gregarious locusts  swarm may cover 500 square miles and have 50 billion insects!  “nymphs” stay in soil several years during a drought  “blew/flew” to the Americas from Africa o Locust swarms in Africa:  Eat: 2,000 tons/day  Travel: 65 miles/day  Oviposit in soil  1 female-500 nymphs o Locusts have plagued us since biblical times  Exodus Chapter 10:  “I will bring locusts into your country…and they shall fill your houses…”