A lightbulb with a resistance of 50.0 ohms is used in a circuit with a 9.0-volt battery. What is the current through the bulb?
Read moreTextbook Solutions for Physics: Principles & Problems
Chapter 1 Problem 4
Question
The pressure on a surface is equal to the force divided by the area: P F/A. A 53-kgwoman exerts a force (weight) of 520 Newtons. If the pressure exerted on the floor is32,500 N/m2, what is the area of the soles of her shoes?
Solution
The first step in solving 1 problem number 4 trying to solve the problem we have to refer to the textbook question: The pressure on a surface is equal to the force divided by the area: P F/A. A 53-kgwoman exerts a force (weight) of 520 Newtons. If the pressure exerted on the floor is32,500 N/m2, what is the area of the soles of her shoes?
From the textbook chapter A Physics Toolkit you will find a few key concepts needed to solve this.
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Title
Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Author
Paul W Zitzewitz
ISBN
9780078458132
The pressure on a surface is equal to the force divided by
Chapter 1 textbook questions
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Chapter 1: Problem 1 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
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Chapter 1: Problem 2 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
An object with uniform acceleration a, starting from rest, will reach a speed of v in time taccording to the formula v at. What is the acceleration of a bicyclist who acceleratesfrom rest to 7 m/s in 4 s?
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Chapter 1: Problem 3 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
1. How long will it take a scooter accelerating at 0.400 m/s2 to go from rest to a speed of 4.00 m/s?
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Chapter 1: Problem 4 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
The pressure on a surface is equal to the force divided by the area: P F/A. A 53-kgwoman exerts a force (weight) of 520 Newtons. If the pressure exerted on the floor is32,500 N/m2, what is the area of the soles of her shoes?
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Chapter 1: Problem 5 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
How many megahertz is 750 kilohertz?
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Chapter 1: Problem 6 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Convert 5021 centimeters to kilometers.
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Chapter 1: Problem 7 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
How many seconds are in a leap year?
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Chapter 1: Problem 9 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
6.201 cm + 7.4 cm + 0.68 cm + 12.0 cm
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Chapter 1: Problem 13 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Math Why are concepts in physics described with formulas?
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Chapter 1: Problem 14 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Magnetism The force of a magnetic field on a charged, moving particle is given by F ! Bqv, where F is the force in kg"m/s2, q is the charge in A"s, and v is the speed in m/s. B is the strength of the magnetic field, measured in teslas, T. What is 1 tesla described in base units?
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Chapter 1: Problem 15 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Magnetism A proton with charge 1.60#10$19 A"s is moving at 2.4#105 m/s through a magnetic field of 4.5 T. You want to find the force on the proton. a. Substitute the values into the equation you will use. Are the units correct? "The values are written in scientific notation, m#10n. Calculate the 10n part of the equation to estimate the size of the answer" ". Calculate your answer. Check it against your estimate from part b" . Justify the number of significant digits in your answer
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Chapter 1: Problem 16 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Magnetism Rewrite F ! Bqv to find v in terms of F, q, and B.
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Chapter 1: Problem 17 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Critical Thinking An accepted value for the acceleration due to gravity is 9.801 m/s2. In an experiment with pendulums, you calculate that the value is 9.4 m/s2. Should the accepted value be tossed out to accommodate your new finding? Explain.
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Chapter 1: Problem 18 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Accuracy Some wooden rulers do not start with 0 at the edge, but have it set in a few millimeters. How could this improve the accuracy of the ruler?
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Chapter 1: Problem 19 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Tools You find a micrometer (a tool used to measure objects to the nearest 0.01 mm) that has been badly bent. How would it compare to a new, highquality meterstick in terms of its precision? Its accuracy?
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Chapter 1: Problem 20 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Parallax Does parallax affect the precision of a measurement that you make? Explain
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Chapter 1: Problem 21 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Error Your friend tells you that his height is 182 cm. In your own words, explain the range of heights implied by this statement.
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Chapter 1: Problem 22 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Precision A box has a length of 18.1 cm and a width of 19.2 cm, and it is 20.3 cm tall. a. What is its volume? b. How precise is the measure of length? Of volume? c. How tall is a stack of 12 of these boxes? d. How precise is the measure of the height of one box? of 12 boxes?
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Chapter 1: Problem 23 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Critical Thinking Your friend states in a report that the average time required to circle a 1.5-mi track was 65.414 s. This was measured by timing 7 laps using a clock with a precision of 0.1 s. How much confidence do you have in the results of the report? Explain
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Chapter 1: Problem 25 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 26 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Interpret a Graph What would be the meaning of a nonzero y-intercept to a graph of total mass versus volume?
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Chapter 1: Problem 27 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Predict Use the relation illustrated in Figure 1-16 to determine the mass required to stretch the spring 15 cm
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Chapter 1: Problem 28 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Predict Use the relation in Figure 1-18 to predict the current when the resistance is 16 ohms
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Chapter 1: Problem 29 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Critical Thinking In your own words, explain the meaning of a shallower line, or a smaller slope than the one in Figure 1-16, in the graph of stretch versus total mass for a different spring
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Chapter 1: Problem 30 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 32 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Why is mathematics important to science?
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Chapter 1: Problem 34 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. How are base units and derived units related?
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Chapter 1: Problem 35 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Suppose your lab partner recorded a measurement as 100 g. (1.1) a. Why is it difficult to tell the number of significant digits in this measurement? How can the number of significant digits in such a number be made clear?
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Chapter 1: Problem 36 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Give the name for each of the following multiples of the meter. (1.1) a. !1 1 00! m b. !10 1 00! m c. 1000 m
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Chapter 1: Problem 37 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. To convert 1.8 h to minutes, by what conversion factor should you multiply? (
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Chapter 1: Problem 38 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Solve each problem. Give the correct number of significant digits in the answers. (1.1) a. 4.667"104 g + 3.02"105 g b. (1.70"102 J) (5.922"10#4 cm3)
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Chapter 1: Problem 39 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
What determines the precision of a measurement?
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Chapter 1: Problem 40 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
How does the last digit differ from the other digits in a measurement?
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Chapter 1: Problem 41 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. A cars odometer measures the distance from home to school as 3.9 km. Using string on a map, you find the distance to be 4.2 km. Which answer do you think is more accurate? What does accurate mean?
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Chapter 1: Problem 42 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
How do you find the slope of a linear graph?
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Chapter 1: Problem 43 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
For a driver, the time between seeing a stoplight and stepping on the brakes is called reaction time. The distance traveled during this time is the reaction distance. Reaction distance for a given driver and vehicle depends linearly on speed. (1.3) a. Would the graph of reaction distance versus speed have a positive or a negative slope? . A driver who is distracted has a longer reaction time than a driver who is not. Would the graph of reaction distance versus speed for a distracted driver have a larger or smaller slope than for a normal driver? Explain
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Chapter 1: Problem 44 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
During a laboratory experiment, the temperature of the gas in a balloon is varied and the volume of the balloon is measured. Which quantity is the independent variable? Which quantity is the dependent variable?
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Chapter 1: Problem 45 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 46 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Given the equation F $ mv2/R, what relationship exists between each of the following? (1.3) a. F and R b. F and m c. F and v
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Chapter 1: Problem 47 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 48 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Is a scientific method one set of clearly defined steps? Support your answer.
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Chapter 1: Problem 49 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Explain the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law.
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Chapter 1: Problem 50 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Density The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. a. Give a possible metric unit for density Is the unit for density a base unit or a derived unit?
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Chapter 1: Problem 51 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
What metric unit would you use to measure each of the following? a. the width of your hand b. the thickness of a book cover c. the height of your classroom c. the height of your classroom
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Chapter 1: Problem 52 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Size Make a chart of sizes of objects. Lengths should range from less than 1 mm to several kilometers. Samples might include the size of a cell, the distance light travels in 1 s, and the height of a room
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Chapter 1: Problem 53 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Time Make a chart of time intervals. Sample intervals might include the time between heartbeats, the time between presidential elections, the average lifetime of a human, and the age of the United States. Find as many very short and very long examples as you can
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Chapter 1: Problem 54 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Speed of Light Two students measure the speed of light. One obtains (3.001 " 0.001)#108 m/s; the other obtains (2.999 " 0.006)#108 m/s. a. Which is more precise? Which is more accurate? (You can find the speed of light in the back of this textbook.)
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Chapter 1: Problem 55 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
You measure the dimensions of a desk as 132 cm, 83 cm, and 76 cm. The sum of these measures is 291 cm, while the product is 8.3#105 cm3. Explain how the significant digits were determined in each case.
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Chapter 1: Problem 56 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Money Suppose you receive $5.00 at the beginning of a week and spend $1.00 each day for lunch. You prepare a graph of the amount you have left at the end of each day for one week. Would the slope of this graph be positive, zero, or negative? Why?
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Chapter 1: Problem 57 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Data are plotted on a graph, and the value on the y-axis is the same for each value of the independent variable. What is the slope? Why? How does y depend on x?
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Chapter 1: Problem 58 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Driving The graph of braking distance versus car speed is part of a parabola. Thus, the equation is written d ! av2 $ bv $ c. The distance, d, has units in meters, and velocity, v, has units in meters/second. How could you find the units of a, b, and c? What would they be?
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Chapter 1: Problem 59 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 60 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
The masses of two metal blocks are measured. Block A has a mass of 8.45 g and block B has a mass of 45.87 g. a. How many significant digits are expressed in these measurements? b. What is the total mass of block A plus block B? c. What is the number of significant digits for the total mass? d. Why is the number of significant digits different for the total mass and the individual masses?
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Chapter 1: Problem 61 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
History Aristotle said that the speed of a falling object varies inversely with the density of the medium through which it falls. a. According to Aristotle, would a rock fall faster in water (density 1000 kg/m3), or in air (density 1 kg/m3)? b. How fast would a rock fall in a vacuum? Based on this, why would Aristotle say that there could be no such thing as a vacuum?
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Chapter 1: Problem 62 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory
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Chapter 1: Problem 63 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Give an example of a scientific law
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Chapter 1: Problem 64 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
What reason might the ancient Greeks have had not to question the hypothesis that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects? Hint: Did you ever question which falls faster?
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Chapter 1: Problem 65 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Mars Explain what observations led to changes in scientists ideas about the surface of Mars
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Chapter 1: Problem 66 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
A graduated cylinder is marked every mL. How precise a measurement can you make with this instrument?
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Chapter 1: Problem 67 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Convert each of the following measurements to meters. a. 42.3 cm b. 6.2 pm c. 21 km d. 0.023 mm e. 214 !m f. 57 nm
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Chapter 1: Problem 68 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Add or subtract as indicated. a. 5.80"109 s # 3.20"108 s b. 4.87"10$6 m $ 1.93"10$6 m c. 3.14"10$5 kg # 9.36"10$5 kg d. 8.12"107 g $ 6.20"106 g
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Chapter 1: Problem 69 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Rank the following mass measurements from least to greatest: 11.6 mg, 1021 !g, 0.000006 kg, 0.31 mg
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Chapter 1: Problem 70 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
State the number of significant digits in each of the following measurements. a. 0.00003 m b. 64.01 fm c. 80.001 m d. 0.720 !g e. 2.40"106 kg f. 6"108 kg g. 4.07"1016 m
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Chapter 1: Problem 71 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Add or subtract as indicated. a. 16.2 m # 5.008 m # 13.48 m b. 5.006 m # 12.0077 m # 8.0084 m c. 78.05 cm2 $ 32.046 cm2 d. 15.07 kg $ 12.0 kg
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Chapter 1: Problem 72 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Multiply or divide as indicated. a. (6.2"1018 m)(4.7"10$10 m) b. (5.6"10$7 m)/(2.8"10$12 s) c. (8.1"10$4 km)(1.6"10$3 km) d. (6.5"105 kg)/(3.4"103 m3)
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Chapter 1: Problem 73 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Gravity The force due to gravity is F % mg where g % 9.80 m/s2. a. Find the force due to gravity on a 41.63-kg object. b. The force due to gravity on an object is 632 kg&m/s2. What is its mass?
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Chapter 1: Problem 74 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Dimensional Analysis Pressure is measured in pascals, where 1 Pa % 1 kg/m&s2. Will the following expression give a pressure in the correct units? (0.55 kg)(2.1 m/s) 9.8 m/s2
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Chapter 1: Problem 75 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. A water tank has a mass of 3.64 kg when it is empty and a mass of 51.8 kg when it is filled to a certain level. What is the mass of the water in the tank?
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Chapter 1: Problem 76 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. The length of a room is 16.40 m, its width is 4.5 m, and its height is 3.26 m. What volume does the room enclose?
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Chapter 1: Problem 77 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
The sides of a quadrangular plot of land are 132.68 m, 48.3 m, 132.736 m, and 48.37 m. What is the perimeter of the plot?
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Chapter 1: Problem 78 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 79 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 80 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Estimate the height of the nearest door frame in centimeters. Then measure it. How accurate was your estimate? How precise was your estimate? How precise was your measurement? Why are the two precisions different?
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Chapter 1: Problem 81 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Base Units Give six examples of quantities you might measure in a physics lab. Include the units you would use
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Chapter 1: Problem 82 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Temperature The temperature drops from 24C to 10C in 12 hours. a. Find the average temperature change per hour. b. Predict the temperature in 2 more hours if the trend continues c. Could you accurately predict the temperature in 24 hours?
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Chapter 1: Problem 83 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 84 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 85 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 86 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 87 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Arrange the following numbers from most precise to least precise 0.0034 m 45.6 m 1234 m
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Chapter 1: Problem 88 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 89 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
You are cracking a code and have discovered the following conversion factors: 1.23 longs ! 23.0 mediums, and 74.5 mediums ! 645 shorts. How many shorts are equal to one long?
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Chapter 1: Problem 90 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
You are given the following measurements of a rectangular bar: length ! 2.347 m, thickness ! 3.452 cm, height ! 2.31 mm, mass ! 1659 g. Determine the volume, in cubic meters, and density, in g/cm3, of the beam. Express your results in proper form
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Chapter 1: Problem 91 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
A drop of water contains 1.7"1021 molecules. If the water evaporated at the rate of one million molecules per second, how many years would it take for the drop to completely evaporate?
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Chapter 1: Problem 92 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
A 17.6-gram sample of metal is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 10.0 cm3 of water. If the water level rises to 12.20 cm3, what is the density of the metal?
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Chapter 1: Problem 93 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Apply Concepts It has been said that fools can ask more questions than the wise can answer. In science, it is frequently the case that one wise person is needed to ask the right question rather than to answer it. Explain.
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Chapter 1: Problem 94 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Apply Concepts Find the approximate mass of water in kilograms needed to fill a container that is 1.40 m long and 0.600 m wide to a depth of 34.0 cm. Report your result to one significant digit. (Use a reference source to find the density of water.)
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Chapter 1: Problem 95 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Analyze and Conclude A container of gas with a pressure of 101 kPa has a volume of 324 cm3 and a mass of 4.00 g. If the pressure is increased to 404 kPa, what is the density of the gas? Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
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Chapter 1: Problem 96 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Design an Experiment How high can you throw a ball? What variables might affect the answer to this question?
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Chapter 1: Problem 97 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Calculate If the Sun suddenly ceased to shine, how long would it take Earth to become dark? (You will have to look up the speed of light in a vacuum and the distance from the Sun to Earth.) How long would it take the surface of Jupiter to become dark?
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Chapter 1: Problem 98 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Research and describe a topic in the history of physics. Explain how ideas about the topic changed over time. Be sure to include the contributions of scientists and to evaluate the impact of their contributions on scientific thought and the world outside the laboratory.
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Chapter 1: Problem 99 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Explain how improved precision in measuring time would have led to more accurate predictions about how an object falls
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Chapter 1: Problem 1 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Two laboratories use radiocarbon dating to measure the age of two wooden spear handles found in the same grave. Lab A finds an age of 2250 ! 40 years for the first object; lab B finds an age of 2215 ! 50 years for the second object. Which of the following is true? Lab As reading is more accurate than lab Bs. Lab As reading is less accurate than lab Bs. Lab As reading is more precise than lab Bs. Lab As reading is less precise than lab Bs.
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Chapter 1: Problem 2 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Which of the following is equal to 86.2 cm? 8.62 m 8.62"10#4 km 0.862 mm 862 dm
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Chapter 1: Problem 3 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
Jario has a problem to do involving time, distance, and velocity, but he has forgotten the formula. The question asks him for a measurement in seconds, and the numbers that are given have units of m/s and km. What could Jario do to get the answer in seconds? Multiply the km by the m/s, then multiply by 1000. Divide the km by the m/s, then multiply by 1000. Divide the km by the m/s, then divide by 1000. Multiply the km by the m/s, then divide by 1000.
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Chapter 1: Problem 4 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more
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Chapter 1: Problem 5 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
. Which formula is equivalent to D $ % m V %? V $ % m D % V $ % m V D % V $ Dm V $ %m D %
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Chapter 1: Problem 6 Physics: Principles & Problems 9
You want to calculate an acceleration, in units of m/s2, given a force, in N, and the mass, in g, on which the force acts. (1 N $ 1 kg&m/s2) a. Rewrite the equation F $ ma so a is in terms of m and F. b. What conversion factor will you need to multiply by to convert grams to kilograms? c. A force of 2.7 N acts on a 350-g mass. Write the equation you will use, including the conversion factor, to find the acceleratio
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Chapter 1: Problem 7 Physics: Principles & Problems 9 Read more