Imagine that you have produced several versions of lactase, each of which differs from

One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive illegal drug known as crank. Another isomer is a medicine for sinus congestion. How can you explain the differing effects of the two isomers?

Monomers are joined together to form larger polymers through __________. Such a reaction releases a molecule of __________.

Polymers are broken down into the monomers that make them up through the chemical reaction called __________.

Which of the following terms includes all the others in the list? a. polysaccharide b. carbohydrate c. monosaccharide d. disaccharide

When two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) are joined together by a dehydration reaction, what are the formulas of the two products? (Hint: No atoms are gained or lost.)

One molecule of dietary fat is made by joining three molecules of __________ to one molecule of __________. What is the formal name of the resulting molecule?

Which of the following statements about saturated fats is true? a. Saturated fats contain one or more double bonds along the tails. b. Saturated fats contain the maximum number of hydrogens along the tails. c. Saturated fats make up the majority of most plant oils. d. Saturated fats are typically healthier for you than unsaturated fats.

Humans and other animals cannot digest wood because they a. cannot digest any carbohydrates. b. cannot chew it fine enough. c. lack the enzyme needed to break down cellulose. d. get no nutrients from it.

Explain how it could be possible to change an amino acid within a protein but not affect that proteins function.

Most proteins can easily dissolve in water. Knowing that, where within the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein would you most likely find hydrophobic amino acids?

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture a. DNA. b. proteins. c. cellulose. d. fatty acids.

A glucose molecule is to __________ as a nucleotide is to a __________.

Name three similarities between DNA and RNA. Name three differences.

What is the structure of a gene? What is the function of a gene?

A food manufacturer is advertising a new cake mix as fat-free. Scientists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are testing the product to see if it truly lacks fat. Hydrolysis of the cake mix yields glucose, fructose, glycerol, a number of amino acids, and several kinds of molecules with long chains. Further analysis shows that most of the chains have a carboxyl group at one end. What would you tell the food manufacturer if you were a spokesperson for the FDA?

Imagine that you have produced several versions of lactase, each of which differs from normal lactase by a single amino acid. Describe a test that could indirectly determine which of the versions significantly alters the three-dimensional shape of the protein.

Interpreting Data Below is a typical food label for one cookie. One gram of fat packs 9 Calories, and 1 gram of carbohydrates or protein packs 4 Calories. The top of the label shows that each cookie contains 140 Calories in total. What percentage of the Calories in this cookie are from fat, carbohydrates, and protein?

Some amateur and professional athletes take anabolic steroids to help them build strength (bulk up). The health risks of this practice are extensively documented. Apart from these health issues, what is your opinion about the ethics of athletes using chemicals to enhance performance? Is this a form of cheating, or is it just part of the preparation required to stay competitive in a sport where anabolic steroids are commonly used? Defend your opinion.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among people in the United States and other industrialized nations. Fast food is a major source of unhealthy fats that contribute significantly to heart disease. Imagine youre a juror sitting on a trial where a fast-food manufacturer is being sued for producing a harmful product. To what extent do you think manufacturers of unhealthy foods should be held responsible for the health consequences of their products? As a jury member, how would you vote?

Each year, industrial chemists develop and test thousands of new organic compounds for use as insecticides, fungicides, and weed killers. In what ways are these chemicals useful and important to us? In what ways can they be harmful? Is your general opinion of such chemicals positive or negative? What influences have shaped your feelings about these chemicals?