Solutions for Chapter 14: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 3rd Edition

A compound that contains at least one amino group and at least one carboxyl group. (25.3)

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated in the internuclear region. The energy of a bonding molecular orbital is lower than the energy of the separate atomic orbitals from which it forms. (Section 9.7)

A step in a chain reaction characterized by the formation of reactive intermediates (radicals, anions, or cations) from nonradical or noncharged molecules

The atom of a ligand that bonds to the metal. (Section 23.2)

For alkenes, a stereodescriptorthat indicates that the two priority groups are on opposite sides of the p bond.

The use of electrolysis to reduce or refine metals. (Section 20.9)

A graph showing the changes in energy that occur during a chemical reaction; energy is plotted on the vertical axis, and reaction progress is plotted on the horizontal axis. Also called a reaction coordinate diagram

A diagram that shows the energies of molecular orbitals relative to the atomic orbitals from which they are derived. Also called a molecular-orbital diagram. (Section 9.7)

Strands of a polymer that are generated when the polymer is heated, forced through small holes, and then cooled.

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen. (Section 2.9)

The electrophile in a Michael reaction.

Two liquids that can be mixed with each other in any proportion.

A naturally occurring combustible liquid composed of hundreds of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. (Section 5.8)

A nuclear decay process where a positron, a particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, symbol 0+1e, or b+ is emitted from the nucleus. (Section 21.1)

In NMR spectroscopy, a signal that is comprised of five peaks.

Possessing radioactivity, the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus with accompanying emission of radiation. (Section 2.2; Chapter 21: Introduction)

A term describing a consideration that must be taken into account for a reaction in which two or more constitutional isomers can be formed.

The strain that arises when nonbonded atoms separated by four or more bonds are forced closer to each other than their atomic (contact) radii would allow. Steric strain is also called non-bonded interaction strain, or van der Waals strain.

Constitutional isomers that rapidly interconvert via the migration of a proton.

A solution to a set of equations that defi nes the energy of an electron in an atom and the region of space it may occupy.