Solved: A Gyroscope on the Moon. A certain gyroscope

Calculate the torque (magnitude and direction) about point O due to the force \(\vec{F}\) in each of the cases sketched in Fig. E10.1. In each case, the force \(\vec{F}\) and the rod both lie in the plane of the page, the rod has length 4.00 m, and the force has magnitude F = 10.0 N.

Calculate the net torque about point O for the two forces applied as in Fig. E10.2. The rod and both forces are in the plane of the page

A square metal plate 0.180 m on each side is pivoted about an axis through point O at its center and perpendicular to the plate (Fig. E10.3). Calculate the net torque about this axis due to the three forces shown in the figure if the magnitudes of the forces are and The plate and all forces are in the plane of the page.

Three forces are applied to a wheel of radius 0.350 m, as shown in Fig. E10.4. One force is perpendicular to the rim, one is tangent to it, and the other one makes a \(40.0^{\circ}\) angle with the radius. What is the net torque on the wheel due to these three forces for an axis perpendicular to the wheel and passing through its center?

One force acting on a machine part is The vector from the origin to the point where the force is applied is (a) In a sketch, show and the origin. (b) Use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the torque. (c) Calculate the vector torque for an axis at the origin produced by this force. Verify that the direction of the torque is the same as you obtained in part (b)

A metal bar is in the xy-plane with one end of the bar at the origin. A force \(\overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{F}}=(7.00 \mathrm{~N}) \hat{\boldsymbol{\imath}}+(-3.00 \mathrm{~N}) \hat{\boldsymbol{\jmath}}\) is applied to the bar at the point x = 3.00 m, y = 4.00 m.. (a) In terms of unit vectors \(\hat{\imath}\) and \(\hat{\jmath}\), what is the position vector \(\overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{r}}\) for the point where the force is applied? (b) What are the magnitude and direction of the torque with respect to the origin produced by \(\overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{F}}\)?

In Fig. E10.7, forces and each have magnitude 50 N and act at the same point on the object. (a) What torque (magnitude and direction) does each of these forces exert on the object about point P? (b) What is the total torque about point P?

A machinist is using a wrench to loosen a nut. The wrench is 25.0 cm long, and he exerts a 17.0-N force at the end of the handle at 37 with the handle (Fig. E10.8). (a) What torque does the machinist exert about the center of the nut? (b) What is the maximum torque he could exert with this force, and how should the force be oriented?

The flywheel of an engine has moment of inertia about its rotation axis. What constant torque is required to bring it up to an angular speed of in 8.00 s, starting from rest?

A uniform disk with mass 40.0 kg and radius 0.200 m is pivoted at its center about a horizontal, frictionless axle that is stationary. The disk is initially at rest, and then a constant force is applied tangent to the rim of the disk. (a) What is the magnitude of the tangential velocity of a point on the rim of the disk after the disk has turned through 0.200 revolution? (b) What is the magnitude a of the resultant acceleration of a point on the rim of the disk after the disk has turned through 0.200 revolution?

A machine part has the shape of a solid uniform sphere of mass 225 g and diameter 3.00 cm. It is spinning about a frictionless axle through its center, but at one point on its equator it is scraping against metal, resulting in a friction force of 0.0200 N at that point. (a) Find its angular acceleration. (b) How long will it take to decrease its rotational speed by 22.5 rad>s?

A cord is wrapped around the rim of a solid uniform wheel 0.250 m in radius and of mass 9.20 kg. A steady horizontal pull of 40.0 N to the right is exerted on the cord, pulling it off tangentially from the wheel. The wheel is mounted on frictionless bearings on a horizontal axle through its center. (a) Compute the angular acceleration of the wheel and the acceleration of the part of the cord that has already been pulled off the wheel. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of the force that the axle exerts on the wheel. (c) Which of the answers in parts (a) and (b) would change if the pull were upward instead of horizontal?

A 2.00-kg textbook rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A cord attached to the book passes over a pulley whose diameter is 0.150 m, to a hanging book with mass 3.00 kg. The system is released from rest, and the books are observed to move 1.20 m in 0.800 s. (a) What is the tension in each part of the cord? (b) What is the moment of inertia of the pulley about its rotation axis?

A stone is suspended from the free end of a wire that is wrapped around the outer rim of a pulley, similar to what is shown in Fig. 10.10. The pulley is a uniform disk with mass 10.0 kg and radius 50.0 cm and turns on frictionless bearings. You measure that the stone travels 12.6 m in the first 3.00 s starting from rest. Find (a) the mass of the stone and (b) the tension in the wire.

A wheel rotates without friction about a stationary horizontal axis at the center of the wheel. A constant tangential force equal to 80.0 N is applied to the rim of the wheel. The wheel has radius 0.120 m. Starting from rest, the wheel has an angular speed of after 2.00 s. What is the moment of inertia of the wheel?

CP A 15.0-kg bucket of water is suspended by a very light rope wrapped around a solid uniform cylinder 0.300 m in diameter with mass 12.0 kg. The cylinder pivots on a frictionless axle through its center. The bucket is released from rest at the top of a well and falls 10.0 m to the water. (a) What is the tension in the rope while the bucket is falling? (b) With what speed does the bucket strike the water? (c) What is the time of fall? (d) While the bucket is falling, what is the force exerted on the cylinder by the axle?

A 12.0-kg box resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface is attached to a 5.00-kg weight by a thin, light wire that passes over a frictionless pulley (Fig. E10.17). The pulley has the shape of a uniform solid disk of mass 2.00 kg and diameter 0.500 m. After the system is released, find (a) the tension in the wire on both sides of the pulley, (b) the acceleration of the box, and (c) the horizontal and vertical components of the force that the axle exerts on the pulley

Gymnastics. We can roughly model a gymnastic tumbler as a uniform solid cylinder of mass 75 kg and diameter 1.0 m. If this tumbler rolls forward at 0.50 rev/s, (a) how much total kinetic energy does he have, and (b) what percent of his total kinetic energy is rotational?

A 2.20-kg hoop 1.20 m in diameter is rolling to the right without slipping on a horizontal floor at a steady (a) How fast is its center moving? (b) What is the total kinetic energy of the hoop? (c) Find the velocity vector of each of the following points, as viewed by a person at rest on the ground: (i) the highest point on the hoop; (ii) the lowest point on the hoop; (iii) a point on the right side of the hoop, midway between the top and the bottom. (d) Find the velocity vector for each of the points in part (c), but this time as viewed by someone moving along with the same velocity as the hoop.

A string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 8.00 cm and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is held in place and the hoop is released from rest (Fig. E10.20). After the hoop has descended 75.0 cm, calculate (a) the angular speed of the rotating hoop and (b) the speed of its center.

What fraction of the total kinetic energy is rotational for the following objects rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface? (a) a uniform solid cylinder; (b) a uniform sphere; (c) a thinwalled, hollow sphere; (d) a hollow cylinder with outer radius R and inner radius

A hollow, spherical shell with mass 2.00 kg rolls without slipping down a slope. (a) Find the acceleration, the friction force, and the minimum coefficient of friction needed to prevent slipping. (b) How would your answers to part (a) change if the mass were doubled to 4.00 kg?

A solid ball is released from rest and slides down a hillside that slopes downward at from the horizontal. (a) What minimum value must the coefficient of static friction between the hill and ball surfaces have for no slipping to occur? (b) Would the coefficient of friction calculated in part (a) be sufficient to prevent a hollow ball (such as a soccer ball) from slipping? Justify your answer. (c) In part (a), why did we use the coefficient of static friction and not the coefficient of kinetic friction?

A uniform marble rolls down a symmetrical bowl, starting from rest at the top of the left side. The top of each side is a distance h above the bottom of the bowl. The left half of the bowl is rough enough to cause the marble to roll without slipping, but the right half has no friction because it is coated with oil. (a) How far up the smooth side will the marble go, measured vertically from the bottom? (b) How high would the marble go if both sides were as rough as the left side? (c) How do you account for the fact that the marble goes higher with friction on the right side than without friction?

A 392-N wheel comes off a moving truck and rolls without slipping along a highway. At the bottom of a hill it is rotating at The radius of the wheel is 0.600 m, and its moment of inertia about its rotation axis is Friction does work on the wheel as it rolls up the hill to a stop, a height h above the bottom of the hill; this work has absolute value 3500 J. Calculate h.

A Ball Rolling Uphill. A bowling ball rolls without slipping up a ramp that slopes upward at an angle to the horizontal (see Example 10.7 in Section 10.3). Treat the ball as a uniform solid sphere, ignoring the finger holes. (a) Draw the free-body diagram for the ball. Explain why the friction force must be directed uphill. (b) What is the acceleration of the center of mass of the ball? (c) What minimum coefficient of static friction is needed to prevent slipping?

A thin, light string is wrapped around the outer rim of a uniform hollow cylinder of mass 4.75 kg having inner and outer radii as shown in Fig. E10.27. The cylinder is then released from rest (a) How far must the cylinder fall before its center is moving at (b) If you just dropped this cylinder without any string, how fast would its center be moving when it had fallen the distance in part (a)? (c) Why do you get two different answers when the cylinder falls the same distance in both cases?

A bicycle racer is going downhill at 11.0 m/s when, to his horror, one of his 2.25-kg wheels comes off as he is 75.0 m above the foot of the hill. We can model the wheel as a thin-walled cylinder 85.0 cm in diameter and neglect the small mass of the spokes. (a) How fast is the wheel moving when it reaches the foot of the hill if it rolled without slipping all the way down? (b) How much total kinetic energy does the wheel have when it reaches the bottom of the hill?

A size-5 soccer ball of diameter 22.6 cm and mass 426 g rolls up a hill without slipping, reaching a maximum height of 5.00 m above the base of the hill. We can model this ball as a thin-walled hollow sphere. (a) At what rate was it rotating at the base of the hill? (b) How much rotational kinetic energy did it have then?

An engine delivers 175 hp to an aircraft propeller at (a) How much torque does the aircraft engine provide? (b) How much work does the engine do in one revolution of the propeller?

A playground merry-go-round has radius 2.40 m and moment of inertia \(2100\mathrm{\ kg}\cdot\mathrm{m}^2\) about a vertical axle through its center, and it turns with negligible friction. (a) A child applies an 18.0-N force tangentially to the edge of the merry-go-round for 15.0 s. If the merry-go-round is initially at rest, what is its angular speed after this 15.0-s interval? (b) How much work did the child do on the merry-go-round? (c) What is the average power supplied by the child?

An electric motor consumes 9.00 kJ of electrical energy in 1.00 min. If one-third of this energy goes into heat and other forms of internal energy of the motor, with the rest going to the motor output, how much torque will this engine develop if you run it at 2500 rpm?

A 1.50-kg grinding wheel is in the form of a solid cylinder of radius 0.100 m. (a) What constant torque will bring it from rest to an angular speed of in 2.5 s? (b) Through what angle has it turned during that time? (c) Use Eq. (10.21) to calculate the work done by the torque. (d) What is the grinding wheels kinetic energy when it is rotating at Compare your answer to the result in part (c).

An airplane propeller is 2.08 m in length (from tip to tip) and has a mass of 117 kg. When the airplanes engine is first started, it applies a constant torque of to the propeller, which starts from rest. (a) What is the angular acceleration of the propeller? Model the propeller as a slender rod and see Table 9.2. (b) What is the propellers angular speed after making 5.00 revolutions? (c) How much work is done by the engine during the first 5.00 revolutions? (d) What is the average power output of the engine during the first 5.00 revolutions? (e) What is the instantaneous power output of the motor at the instant that the propeller has turned through 5.00 revolutions?

(a) Compute the torque developed by an industrial motor whose output is 150 kW at an angular speed of 4000 rev/min (b) A drum with negligible mass, 0.400 m in diameter, is attached to the motor shaft, and the power output of the motor is used to raise a weight hanging from a rope wrapped around the drum. How heavy a weight can the motor lift at constant speed? (c) At what constant speed will the weight rise?

A woman with mass 50 kg is standing on the rim of a large disk that is rotating at 0.50 rev/s about an axis through its center. The disk has mass 110 kg and radius 4.0 m. Calculate the magnitude of the total angular momentum of the woman–disk system. (Assume that you can treat the woman as a point.)

A 2.00-kg rock has a horizontal velocity of magnitude when it is at point P in Fig. E10.37. (a) At this instant, what are the magnitude and direction of its angular momentum relative to point O? (b) If the only force acting on the rock is its weight, what is the rate of change (magnitude and direction) of its angular momentum at this instant?

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth in a circular orbit around the sun. Is it reasonable to model it as a particle? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth due to its rotation around an axis through the north and south poles, modeling it as a uniform sphere. Consult Appendix E and the astronomical data in Appendix F.

Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the second hand on a clock about an axis through the center of the clock face. The clock hand has a length of 15.0 cm and a mass of 6.00 g. Take the second hand to be a slender rod rotating with constant angular velocity about one end.

A hollow, thin-walled sphere of mass 12.0 kg and diameter 48.0 cm is rotating about an axle through its center. The angle (in radians) through which it turns as a function of time (in seconds) is given by \(\theta(t)=A t^{2}+B t^{4}\), where A has numerical value 1.50 and B has numerical value 1.10. (a) What are the units of the constants A and B? (b) At the time 3.00 s, find (i) the angular momentum of the sphere and (ii) the net torque on the sphere.

Under some circumstances, a star can collapse into an extremely dense object made mostly of neutrons and called a neutron star. The density of a neutron star is roughly times as great as that of ordinary solid matter. Suppose we represent the star as a uniform, solid, rigid sphere, both before and after the collapse. The stars initial radius was (comparable to our sun); its final radius is 16 km. If the original star rotated once in 30 days, find the angular speed of the neutron star

CP A small block on a frictionless, horizontal surface has a mass of 0.0250 kg. It is attached to a massless cord passing through a hole in the surface (Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving at a distance of 0.300 m from the hole with an angular speed of The cord is then pulled from below, shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves to 0.150 m. Model the block as a particle. (a) Is the angular momentum of the block conserved? Why or why not? (b) What is the new angular speed? (c) Find the change in kinetic energy of the block. (d) How much work was done in pulling the cord?

The Spinning Figure Skater. The outstretched hands and arms of a figure skater preparing for a spin can be considered a slender rod pivoting about an axis through its center (Fig. E10.43). When the skater's hands and arms are brought in and wrapped around his body to execute the spin, the hands and arms can be considered a thin-walled, hollow cylinder. His hands and arms have a combined mass of 8.0 kg. When outstretched, they span 1.8 m; when wrapped, they form a cylinder of radius 25 cm. The moment of inertia about the rotation axis of the remainder of his body is constant and equal to \(0.40\mathrm{\ kg}\cdot\mathrm{m}^2\). If his original angular speed is 0.40 rev/s what is his final angular speed?

A diver comes off a board with arms straight up and legs straight down, giving her a moment of inertia about her rotation axis of \(18 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\). She then tucks into a small ball, decreasing this moment of inertia to \(3.6 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\). While tucked, she makes two complete revolutions in 1.0 s. If she hadn’t tucked at all, how many revolutions would she have made in the 1.5 s from board to water?

A large wooden turntable in the shape of a flat uniform disk has a radius of 2.00 m and a total mass of 120 kg. The turntable is initially rotating at about a vertical axis through its center. Suddenly, a 70.0-kg parachutist makes a soft landing on the turntable at a point near the outer edge. (a) Find the angular speed of the turntable after the parachutist lands. (Assume that you can treat the parachutist as a particle.) (b) Compute the kinetic energy of the system before and after the parachutist lands. Why are these kinetic energies not equal?

A solid wood door 1.00 m wide and 2.00 m high is hinged along one side and has a total mass of 40.0 kg. Initially open and at rest, the door is struck at its center by a handful of sticky mud with mass 0.500 kg, traveling perpendicular to the door at just before impact. Find the final angular speed of the door. Does the mud make a significant contribution to the moment of inertia?

A small 10.0-g bug stands at one end of a thin uniform bar that is initially at rest on a smooth horizontal table. The other end of the bar pivots about a nail driven into the table and can rotate freely, without friction. The bar has mass 50.0 g and is 100 cm in length. The bug jumps off in the horizontal direction, perpendicular to the bar, with a speed of relative to the table. (a) What is the angular speed of the bar just after the frisky insect leaps? (b) What is the total kinetic energy of the system just after the bug leaps? (c) Where does this energy come from?

Asteroid Collision! Suppose that an asteroid traveling straight toward the center of the earth were to collide with our planet at the equator and bury itself just below the surface. What would have to be the mass of this asteroid, in terms of the earths mass M, for the day to become 25.0% longer than it presently is as a result of the collision? Assume that the asteroid is very small compared to the earth and that the earth is uniform throughout

A thin, uniform metal bar, 2.00 m long and weighing 90.0 N, is hanging vertically from the ceiling by a frictionless pivot. Suddenly it is struck 1.50 m below the ceiling by a small 3.00-kg ball, initially traveling horizontally at The ball rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of (a) Find the angular speed of the bar just after the collision. (b) During the collision, why is the angular momentum conserved but not the linear momentum?

A thin uniform rod has a length of 0.500 m and is rotating in a circle on a frictionless table. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the length of the rod at one end and is stationary. The rod has an angular velocity of 0.400 rad/s and a moment of inertia about the axis of \(3.00\times10^{-3}\mathrm{\ kg}\cdot\mathrm{m}^2\). A bug initially standing on the rod at the axis of rotation decides to crawl out to the other end of the rod. When the bug has reached the end of the rod and sits there, its tangential speed is 0.160 m/s. The bug can be treated as a point mass. (a) What is the mass of the rod? (b) What is the mass of the bug?

A uniform, 4.5-kg, square, solid wooden gate 1.5 m on each side hangs vertically from a frictionless pivot at the center of its upper edge. A 1.1-kg raven flying horizontally at flies into this door at its center and bounces back at in the opposite direction. (a) What is the angular speed of the gate just after it is struck by the unfortunate raven? (b) During the collision, why is the angular momentum conserved, but not the linear momentum?

Sedna. In November 2003, the now-most-distant-known object in the solar system was discovered by observation with a telescope on Mt. Palomar. This object, known as Sedna, is approximately 1700 km in diameter, takes about 10,500 years to orbit our sun, and reaches a maximum speed of 4.64 km/s. Calculations of its complete path, based on several measurements of its position, indicate that its orbit is highly elliptical, varying from 76 AU to 942 AU in its distance from the sun, where AU is the astronomical unit, which is the average distance of the earth from the sun \(\left(1.50\times10^8\mathrm{\ km}\right)\). (a) What is Sedna's minimum speed? (b) At what points in its orbit do its maximum and minimum speeds occur? (c) What is the ratio of Sedna’s maximum kinetic energy to its minimum kinetic energy?

The rotor (flywheel) of a toy gyroscope has mass 0.140 kg. Its moment of inertia about its axis is The mass of the frame is 0.0250 kg. The gyroscope is supported on a single pivot (Fig. E10.53) with its center of mass a horizontal distance of 4.00 cm from the pivot. The gyroscope is precessing in a horizontal plane at the rate of one revolution in 2.20 s. (a) Find the upward force exerted by the pivot. (b) Find the angular speed with which the rotor is spinning about its axis, expressed in (c) Copy the diagram and draw vectors to show the angular momentum of the rotor and the torque acting on it.

A Gyroscope on the Moon. A certain gyroscope precesses at a rate of when used on earth. If it were taken to a lunar base, where the acceleration due to gravity is 0.165g, what would be its precession rate?

A gyroscope is precessing about a vertical axis. Describe what happens to the precession angular speed if the following changes in the variables are made, with all other variables remaining the same: (a) the angular speed of the spinning flywheel is doubled; (b) the total weight is doubled; (c) the moment of inertia about the axis of the spinning flywheel is doubled; (d) the distance from the pivot to the center of gravity is doubled. (e) What happens if all four of the variables in parts (a) through (d) are doubled?

Stabilization of the Hubble Space Telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope is stabilized to within an angle of about 2-millionths of a degree by means of a series of gyroscopes that spin at 19,200 rpm. Although the structure of these gyroscopes is actually quite complex, we can model each of the gyroscopes as a thin-walled cylinder of mass 2.0 kg and diameter 5.0 cm, spinning about its central axis. How large a torque would it take to cause these gyroscopes to precess through an angle of degree during a 5.0-hour exposure of a galaxy?

A 50.0-kg grindstone is a solid disk 0.520 m in diameter. You press an ax down on the rim with a normal force of 160 N (Fig. P10.57). The coefficient of kinetic friction between the blade and the stone is 0.60, and there is a constant friction torque of between the axle of the stone and its bearings. (a) How much force must be applied tangentially at the end of a crank handle 0.500 m long to bring the stone from rest to in 9.00 s? (b) After the grindstone attains an angular speed of what tangential force at the end of the handle is needed to maintain a constant angular speed of (c) How much time does it take the grindstone to come from to rest if it is acted on by the axle friction alone?

An experimental bicycle wheel is placed on a test stand so that it is free to turn on its axle. If a constant net torque of \(7.00\mathrm{\ N}\cdot\mathrm{m}\) is applied to the tire for 2.00 s, the angular speed of the tire increases from 0 to 100 rev/min. The external torque is then removed, and the wheel is brought to rest by friction in its bearings in 125 s. Compute (a) the moment of inertia of the wheel about the rotation axis; (b) the friction torque; (c) the total number of revolutions made by the wheel in the 125-s time interval.

A grindstone in the shape of a solid disk with diameter 0.520 m and a mass of 50.0 kg is rotating at You press an ax against the rim with a normal force of 160 N (Fig. P10.57), and the grindstone comes to rest in 7.50 s. Find the coefficient of friction between the ax and the grindstone. You can ignore friction in the bearings.

A uniform, 8.40-kg, spherical shell 50.0 cm in diameter has four small 2.00-kg masses attached to its outer surface and equally spaced around it. This combination is spinning about an axis running through the center of the sphere and two of the small masses (Fig. P10.60). What friction torque is needed to reduce its angular speed from 75.0 rpm to 50.0 rpm in 30.0 s?

A solid uniform cylinder with mass 8.25 kg and diameter 15.0 cm is spinning at 220 rpm on a thin, frictionless axle that passes along the cylinder axis. You design a simple friction brake to stop the cylinder by pressing the brake against the outer rim with a normal force. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the brake and rim is 0.333. What must the applied normal force be to bring the cylinder to rest after it has turned through 5.25 revolutions?

A uniform hollow disk has two pieces of thin, light wire wrapped around its outer rim and is supported from the ceiling (Fig. P10.62). Suddenly one of the wires breaks, and the remaining wire does not slip as the disk rolls down. Use energy conservation to find the speed of the center of this disk after it has fallen a distance of 2.20 m.

A thin, uniform, 3.80-kg bar, 80.0 cm long, has very small 2.50-kg balls glued on at either end (Fig. P10.63). It is supported horizontally by a thin, horizontal, frictionless axle passing through its center and perpendicular to the bar. Suddenly the right-hand ball becomes detached and falls off, but the other ball remains glued to the bar. (a) Find the angular acceleration of the bar just after the ball falls off. (b) Will the angular acceleration remain constant as the bar continues to swing? If not, will it increase or decrease? (c) Find the angular velocity of the bar just as it swings through its vertical position.

While exploring a castle, Exena the Exterminator is spotted by a dragon that chases her down a hallway. Exena runs into a room and attempts to swing the heavy door shut before the dragon gets her. The door is initially perpendicular to the wall, so it must be turned through to close. The door is 3.00 m tall and 1.25 m wide, and it weighs 750 N. You can ignore the friction at the hinges. If Exena applies a force of 220 N at the edge of the door and perpendicular to it, how much time does it take her to close the door?

CALC You connect a light string to a point on the edge of a uniform vertical disk with radius R and mass M. The disk is free to rotate without friction about a stationary horizontal axis through its center. Initially, the disk is at rest with the string connection at the highest point on the disk. You pull the string with a constant horizontal force until the wheel has made exactly one-quarter revolution about a horizontal axis through its center, and then you let go. (a) Use Eq. (10.20) to find the work done by the string. (b) Use Eq. (6.14) to find the work done by the string. Do you obtain the same result as in part (a)? (c) Find the final angular speed of the disk. (d) Find the maximum tangential acceleration of a point on the disk. (e) Find the maximum radial (centripetal) acceleration of a point on the disk.

Balancing Act. Attached to one end of a long, thin, uniform rod of length L and mass M is a small blob of clay of the same mass M. (a) Locate the position of the center of mass of the system of rod and clay. Note this position on a drawing of the rod. (b) You carefully balance the rod on a frictionless tabletop so that it is standing vertically, with the end without the clay touching the table. If the rod is now tipped so that it is a small angle \(\theta\) away from the vertical, determine its angular acceleration at this instant. Assume that the end without the clay remains in contact with the tabletop. (Hint: See Table 9.2.) (c) You again balance the rod on the frictionless tabletop so that it is standing vertically, but now the end of the rod with the clay is touching the table. If the rod is again tipped so that it is a small angle away from the vertical, determine its angular acceleration at this instant. Assume that the end with the clay remains in contact with the tabletop. How does this compare to the angular acceleration in part (b)? (d) A pool cue is a tapered wooden rod that is thick at one end and thin at the other. You can easily balance a pool cue vertically on one finger if the thin end is in contact with your finger; this is quite a bit harder to do if the thick end is in contact with your finger. Explain why there is a difference

Atwood’s Machine. Figure P10.67 illustrates Atwood's machine. Find the linear accelerations of blocks A and B, the angular acceleration of the wheel C, and the tension in each side of the cord if there is no slipping between the cord and the surface of the wheel. Let the masses of blocks A and B be 4.00 kg and 2.00 kg, respectively, the moment of inertia of the wheel about its axis be \(0.300 \mathrm{\ kg} \cdot \mathrm {m}^2\) and the radius of the wheel be 0.120 m.

The mechanism shown in Fig. P10.68 is used to raise a crate of supplies from a ships hold. The crate has total mass . A rope is wrapped around a wooden cylinder that turns on a metal axle. The cylinder has radius and moment of inertia about the axle. The crate is suspended from the free end of the rope. One end of the axle pivots on frictionless bearings; a crank handle is attached to the other end. When the crank is turned, the end of the handle rotates about the axle in a vertical circle of radius , the cylinder turns, and the crate is raised. What magnitude of the force applied tangentially to the rotating crank is required to raise the crate with an acceleration of (You can ignore the mass of the rope as well as the moments of inertia of the axle and the crank.)

A large 16.0-kg roll of paper with radius rests against the wall and is held in place by a bracket attached to a rod through the center of the roll (Fig. P10.69). The rod turns without friction in the bracket, and the moment of inertia of the paper and rod about the axis is The other end of the bracket is attached by a frictionless hinge to the wall such that the bracket makes an angle of with the wall. The weight of the bracket is negligible. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the paper and the wall is A constant vertical force is applied to the paper, and the paper unrolls. (a) What is the magnitude of the force that the rod exerts on the paper as it unrolls? (b) What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the roll?

A block with mass slides down a surface inclined to the horizontal (Fig. P10.70). The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25. A string attached to the block is wrapped around a flywheel on a fixed axis at O. The flywheel has mass 25.0 kg and moment of inertia with respect to the axis of rotation. The string pulls without slipping at a perpendicular distance of 0.200 m from that axis. (a) What is the acceleration of the block down the plane? (b) What is the tension in the string?

Two metal disks, one with radius and mass and the other with radius and mass are welded together and mounted on a frictionless axis through their common center, as in Problem 9.87. (a) A light string is wrapped around the edge of the smaller disk, and a 1.50-kg block is suspended from the free end of the string. What is the magnitude of the downward acceleration of the block after it is released? (b) Repeat the calculation of part (a), this time with the string wrapped around the edge of the larger disk. In which case is the acceleration of the block greater? Does your answer make sense?

A lawn roller in the form of a thin-walled, hollow cylinder with mass M is pulled horizontally with a constant horizontal force F applied by a handle attached to the axle. If it rolls without slipping, find the acceleration and the friction force.

Two weights are connected by a very light, flexible cord that passes over an 80.0-N frictionless pulley of radius 0.300 m. The pulley is a solid uniform disk and is supported by a hook connected to the ceiling (Fig. P10.73). What force does the ceiling exert on the hook?

A solid disk is rolling without slipping on a level surface at a constant speed of 3.60 m/s. (a) If the disk rolls up a \(30.0^{\circ}\) ramp, how far along the ramp will it move before it stops? (b) Explain why your answer in part (a) does not depend on either the mass or the radius of the disk

The Yo-yo. A yo-yo is made from two uniform disks, each with mass m and radius R, connected by a light axle of radius b. A light, thin string is wound several times around the axle and then held stationary while the yo-yo is released from rest, dropping as the string unwinds. Find the linear acceleration and angular acceleration of the yo-yo and the tension in the string.

A thin-walled, hollow spherical shell of mass m and radius r starts from rest and rolls without slipping down the track shown in Fig. P10.76. Points A and B are on a circular part of the track having radius R. The diameter of the shell is very small compared to and R, and the work done by rolling friction is negligible. (a) What is the minimum height h0 for which this shell will make a complete loop-the-loop on the circular part of the track? (b) How hard does the track push on the shell at point B, which is at the same level as the center of the circle? (c) Suppose that the track had no friction and the shell was released from the same height you found in part (a). Would it make a complete loopthe-loop? How do you know? (d) In part (c), how hard does the track push on the shell at point A, the top of the circle? How hard did it push on the shell in part (a)?

Starting from rest, a constant force is applied to the free end of a 50-m cable wrapped around the outer rim of a uniform solid cylinder, similar to the situation shown in Fig. 10.9(a). The cylinder has mass 4.00 kg and diameter 30.0 cm and is free to turn about a fixed, frictionless axle through its center. (a) How long does it take to unwrap all the cable, and how fast is the cable moving just as the last bit comes off? (b) Now suppose that the cylinder is replaced by a uniform hoop, with all other quantities remaining unchanged. In this case, would the answers in part (a) be larger or smaller? Explain.

As shown in Fig. E10.20, a string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 0.0800 m and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is pulled upward in just the right way so that the hoop does not move vertically as the string unwinds. (a) Find the tension in the string as the string unwinds. (b) Find the angular acceleration of the hoop as the string unwinds. (c) Find the upward acceleration of the hand that pulls on the free end of the string. (d) How would your answers be different if the hoop were replaced by a solid disk of the same mass and radius?

A basketball (which can be closely modeled as a hollow spherical shell) rolls down a mountainside into a valley and then up the opposite side, starting from rest at a height \(H_0\) above the bottom. In Fig. P10.79, the rough part of the terrain prevents slipping while the smooth part has no friction. (a) How high, in terms of \(H_0\) will the ball go up the other side? (b) Why doesn't the ball return to height \(H_0\)? Has it lost any of its original potential energy?

CP A uniform marble rolls without slipping down the path shown in Fig. P10.80, starting from rest. (a) Find the minimum height h required for the marble not to fall into the pit. (b) The moment of inertia of the marble depends on its radius. Explain why the answer to part (a) does not depend on the radius of the marble. (c) Solve part (a) for a block that slides without friction instead of the rolling marble. How does the minimum h in this case compare to the answer in part (a)?

Rolling Stones. A solid, uniform, spherical boulder starts from rest and rolls down a 50.0-m-high hill, as shown in Fig. P10.81. The top half of the hill is rough enough to cause the boulder to roll without slipping, but the lower half is covered with ice and there is no friction. What is the translational speed of the boulder when it reaches the bottom of the hill?

A solid uniform ball rolls without slipping up a hill, as shown in Fig. P10.82. At the top of the hill, it is moving horizontally, and then it goes over the vertical cliff. (a) How far from the foot of the cliff does the ball land, and how fast is it moving just before it lands? (b) Notice that when the balls lands, it has a greater translational speed than when it was at the bottom of the hill. Does this mean that the ball somehow gained energy? Explain!

A 42.0-cm-diameter wheel, consisting of a rim and six spokes, is constructed from a thin, rigid plastic material having a linear mass density of 25.0 g/cm. This wheel is released from rest at the top of a hill 58.0 m high. (a) How fast is it rolling when it reaches the bottom of the hill? (b) How would your answer change if the linear mass density and the diameter of the wheel were each doubled?

A child rolls a 0.600-kg basketball up a long ramp. The basketball can be considered a thin-walled, hollow sphere. When the child releases the basketball at the bottom of the ramp, it has a speed of When the ball returns to her after rolling up the ramp and then rolling back down, it has a speed of Assume the work done by friction on the basketball is the same when the ball moves up or down the ramp and that the basketball rolls without slipping. Find the maximum vertical height increase of the ball as it rolls up the ramp.

CP In a lab experiment you let a uniform ball roll down a curved track. The ball starts from rest and rolls without slipping. While on the track, the ball descends a vertical distance h. The lower end of the track is horizontal and extends over the edge of the lab table; the ball leaves the track traveling horizontally. While free-falling after leaving the track, the ball moves a horizontal distance x and a vertical distance y. (a) Calculate x in terms of h and y, ignoring the work done by friction. (b) Would the answer to part (a) be any different on the moon? (c) Although you do the experiment very carefully, your measured value of x is consistently a bit smaller than the value calculated in part (a). Why? (d) What would x be for the same h and y as in part (a) if you let a silver dollar roll down the track? You can ignore the work done by friction.

A uniform drawbridge 8.00 m long is attached to the roadway by a frictionless hinge at one end, and it can be raised by a cable attached to the other end. The bridge is at rest, suspended at \(60.0^{\circ}\) above the horizontal, when the cable suddenly breaks. (a) Find the angular acceleration of the drawbridge just after the cable breaks. (Gravity behaves as though it all acts at the center of mass.) (b) Could you use the equation \(\omega=\omega_{0}+\alpha t\) to calculate the angular speed of the drawbridge at a later time? Explain why. (c) What is the angular speed of the drawbridge as it becomes horizontal?

A uniform solid cylinder with mass M and radius 2R rests on a horizontal tabletop. A string is attached by a yoke to a frictionless axle through the center of the cylinder so that the cylinder can rotate about the axle. The string runs over a disk-shaped pulley with mass M and radius R that is mounted on a frictionless axle through its center. A block of mass M is suspended from the free end of the string (Fig. P10.87). The string doesnt slip over the pulley surface, and the cylinder rolls without slipping on the tabletop. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the block after the system is released from rest.

A uniform, 0.0300-kg rod of length 0.400 m rotates in a horizontal plane about a fixed axis through its center and perpendicular to the rod. Two small rings, each with mass 0.0200 kg, are mounted so that they can slide along the rod. They are initially held by catches at positions 0.0500 m on each side of the center of the rod, and the system is rotating at With no other changes in the system, the catches are released, and the rings slide outward along the rod and fly off at the ends. (a) What is the angular speed of the system at the instant when the rings reach the ends of the rod? (b) What is the angular speed of the rod after the rings leave it?

A 5.00-kg ball is dropped from a height of 12.0 m above one end of a uniform bar that pivots at its center. The bar has mass 8.00 kg and is 4.00 m in length. At the other end of the bar sits another 5.00-kg ball, unattached to the bar. The dropped ball sticks to the bar after the collision. How high will the other ball go after the collision?

Tarzan and Jane in the 21st Century. Tarzan has foolishly gotten himself into another scrape with the animals and must be rescued once again by Jane. The 60.0-kg Jane starts from rest at a height of 5.00 m in the trees and swings down to the ground using a thin, but very rigid, 30.0-kg vine 8.00 m long. She arrives just in time to snatch the 72.0-kg Tarzan from the jaws of an angry hippopotamus. What is Janes (and the vines) angular speed (a) just before she grabs Tarzan and (b) just after she grabs him? (c) How high will Tarzan and Jane go on their first swing after this daring rescue?

A uniform rod of length L rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. The rod pivots about a fixed frictionless axis at one end. The rod is initially at rest. A bullet traveling parallel to the horizontal surface and perpendicular to the rod with speed strikes the rod at its center and becomes embedded in it. The mass of the bullet is one-fourth the mass of the rod. (a) What is the final angular speed of the rod? (b) What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of the system after the collision to the kinetic energy of the bullet before the collision?

The solid wood door of a gymnasium is 1.00 m wide and 2.00 m high, has total mass 35.0 kg, and is hinged along one side. The door is open and at rest when a stray basketball hits the center of the door head-on, applying an average force of 1500 N to the door for 8.00 ms. Find the angular speed of the door after the impact. [Hint: Integrating Eq. (10.29) yields The quantity is called the angular impulse.]

A target in a shooting gallery consists of a vertical square wooden board, 0.250 m on a side and with mass 0.750 kg, that pivots on a horizontal axis along its top edge. The board is struck faceon at its center by a bullet with mass 1.90 g that is traveling at and that remains embedded in the board. (a) What is the angular speed of the board just after the bullets impact? (b) What maximum height above the equilibrium position does the center of the board reach before starting to swing down again? (c) What minimum bullet speed would be required for the board to swing all the way over after impact?

Neutron Star Glitches. Occasionally, a rotating neutron star (see Exercise 10.41) undergoes a sudden and unexpected speedup called a glitch. One explanation is that a glitch occurs when the crust of the neutron star settles slightly, decreasing the moment of inertia about the rotation axis. A neutron star with angular speed \(\omega_{0}=70.4 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\) underwent such a glitch in October 1975 that increased its angular speed to \(\omega=\omega_{0}+\Delta \omega\), where \(\Delta \omega / \omega_{0}=2.01 \times 10^{-6}\). If the radius of the neutron star before the glitch was 11 km, by how much did its radius decrease in the starquake? Assume that the neutron star is a uniform sphere.

A 500.0-g bird is flying horizontally at not paying much attention, when it suddenly flies into a stationary vertical bar, hitting it 25.0 cm below the top (Fig. P10.95). The bar is uniform, 0.750 m long, has a mass of 1.50 kg, and is hinged at its base. The collision stuns the bird so that it just drops to the ground afterward (but soon recovers to fly happily away). What is the angular velocity of the bar (a) just after it is hit by the bird and (b) just as it reaches the ground?

A small block with mass 0.250 kg is attached to a string passing through a hole in a frictionless, horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving in a circle with a radius of 0.800 m about the hole with a tangential speed of 4.00 m/s. The string is then pulled slowly from below, shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves. The breaking strength of the string is 30.0 N. What is the radius of the circle when the string breaks?

A horizontal plywood disk with mass 7.00 kg and diameter 1.00 m pivots on frictionless bearings about a vertical axis through its center. You attach a circular model-railroad track of negligible mass and average diameter 0.95 m to the disk. A 1.20-kg, battery-driven model train rests on the tracks. To demonstrate conservation of angular momentum, you switch on the trains engine. The train moves counterclockwise, soon attaining a constant speed of relative to the tracks. Find the magnitude and direction of the angular velocity of the disk relative to the earth.

A 55-kg runner runs around the edge of a horizontal turntable mounted on a vertical, frictionless axis through its center. The runners velocity relative to the earth has magnitude The turntable is rotating in the opposite direction with an angular velocity of magnitude relative to the earth. The radius of the turntable is 3.0 m, and its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is Find the final angular velocity of the system if the runner comes to rest relative to the turntable. (You can model the runner as a particle.)

Center of Percussion. A baseball bat rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. The bat has a length of 0.900 m, a mass of 0.800 kg, and its center of mass is 0.600 m from the handle end of the bat (Fig. P10.99). The moment of inertia of the bat about its center of mass is The bat is struck by a baseball traveling perpendicular to the bat. The impact applies an impulse at a point a distance x from the handle end of the bat. What must x be so that the handle end of the bat remains at rest as the bat begins to move? [Hint: Consider the motion of the center of mass and the rotation about the center of mass. Find x so that these two motions combine to give for the end of the bat just after the collision. Also, note that integration of Eq. (10.29) gives (see Problem 10.92).] The point on the bat you have located is called the center of percussion. Hitting a pitched ball at the center of percussion of the bat minimizes the sting the batter experiences on the hands.

A uniform ball of radius R rolls without slipping between two rails such that the horizontal distance is d between the two contact points of the rails to the ball. (a) In a sketch, show that at any instant \(v_{\mathrm{cm}}=\omega \sqrt{R^{2}-d^{2} / 4}\). Discuss this expression in the limits d = 0 and d = 2R. (b) For a uniform ball starting from rest and descending a vertical distance h while rolling without slipping down a ramp, \(v_{\mathrm{cm}}=\sqrt{10 g h / 7}\). Replacing the ramp with the two rails, show that \(v_{\mathrm{cm}}=\sqrt{\frac{10 g h}{5+2 /\left(1-d^{2} / 4 R^{2}\right)}}\) In each case, the work done by friction has been ignored. (c) Which speed in part (b) is smaller? Why? Answer in terms of how the loss of potential energy is shared between the gain in translational and rotational kinetic energies. (d) For which value of the ratio d/R do the two expressions for the speed in part (b) differ by 5.0%? By 0.50%?

When an object is rolling without slipping, the rolling friction force is much less than the friction force when the object is sliding; a silver dollar will roll on its edge much farther than it will slide on its flat side (see Section 5.3). When an object is rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface, we can approximate the friction force to be zero, so that ax and are approximately zero and and are approximately constant. Rolling without slipping means and If an object is set in motion on a surface without these equalities, sliding (kinetic) friction will act on the object as it slips until rolling without slipping is established. A solid cylinder with mass M and radius R, rotating with angular speed about an axis through its center, is set on a horizontal surface for which the kinetic friction coefficient is (a) Draw a free-body diagram for the cylinder on the surface. Think carefully about the direction of the kinetic friction force on the cylinder. Calculate the accelerations of the center of mass and of rotation about the center of mass. (b) The cylinder is initially slipping completely, so initially but Rolling without slipping sets in when Calculate the distance the cylinder rolls before slipping stops. (c) Calculate the work done by the friction force on the cylinder as it moves from where it was set down to where it begins to roll without slipping.

A demonstration gyroscope wheel is constructed by removing the tire from a bicycle wheel 0.650 m in diameter, wrapping lead wire around the rim, and taping it in place. The shaft projects 0.200 m at each side of the wheel, and a woman holds the ends of the shaft in her hands. The mass of the system is 8.00 kg; its entire mass may be assumed to be located at its rim. The shaft is horizontal, and the wheel is spinning about the shaft at Find the magnitude and direction of the force each hand exerts on the shaft (a) when the shaft is at rest; (b) when the shaft is rotating in a horizontal plane about its center at (c) when the shaft is rotating in a horizontal plane about its center at (d) At what rate must the shaft rotate in order that it may be supported at one end only?

A block with mass m is revolving with linear speed in a circle of radius on a frictionless horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The string is slowly pulled from below until the radius of the circle in which the block is revolving is reduced to (a) Calculate the tension T in the string as a function of r, the distance of the block from the hole. Your answer will be in terms of the initial velocity and the radius (b) Use to calculate the work done by when r changes from to . (c) Compare the results of part (b) to the change in the kinetic energy of the block.

Problem 1DQ When cylinder-head bolts in an automobile engine are tightened the critical quantity is the torque applied to the bolts. Why is the torque more important than the actual force applied to the wrench handle?

Calculate the torque (magnitude and direction) about point O due to the force \(\vec{F}\) in each of the cases sketched in Fig. E10.1. In each case, the force \(\vec{F}\) and the rod both lie in the plane of the page, the rod has length \(4.00 \mathrm{~m}\), and the force has magnitude \(\mathrm{F}=10.0 \mathrm{~N}\). Equation Transcription: ° ° ° ° ° Text Transcription: Vec F Vec F F=10.0 N 4.00 m 90.0degree 120.0degree 30.0degree 60.0degree 2.00 m 60.0degree

Problem 2DQ Can a single force applied to a body change both its translational and rotational motions? Explain.

Problem 2E Calculate the net torque about point O for the two forces applied as in Fig. E10.2. The rod and both forces are in the plane of the page.

Problem 3DQ Suppose you could use wheels of any type in the design of a soapbox-derby racer (an unpowered, four-wheel vehicle that coasts from rest down a hill). To conform to the rules on the total weight of the vehicle and rider, should you design with large massive wheels or small light wheels? Should you use solid wheels or wheels with most of the mass at the rim? Explain.

A square metal plate \(0.180 \mathrm{~m}\) on each side is pivoted about an axis through point O at its center and perpendicular to the plate (Fig. E10.3). Calculate the net torque about this axis due to the three forces shown in the figure if the magnitudes of the forces Are \(F_{1}=18.0 \mathrm{~N}, F_{2}=26.0 \mathrm{~N}\) and \(F_{3}=14.0 \mathrm{~N}\). The plate and all forces are in the plane of the page. Equation Transcription: ° Text Transcription: 0.180 m F_1=18.0 N, F_2=26.0 N, F_3=14.0 N 45degree

Problem 4DQ A four-wheel-drive car is accelerating forward from rest. Show the direction the car’s wheels turn and how this causes a friction force due to the pavement that accelerates the car forward.

Problem 4E Three forces are applied to a wheel of radius 0.350 m, as shown in Fig. E10.4. One force is perpendicular to the rim, one is tangent to it, and the other one makes a 40.0° angle with the radius. What is the net torque on the wheel due to these three forces for an axis perpendicular to the wheel and passing through its center?

Serious bicyclists say that if you reduce the weight of a bike, it is more effective if you do so in the wheels rather than in the frame. Why would reducing weight in the wheels make it easier on the bicyclist than reducing the same amount in the frame?

One force acting on a machine part is \(\vec{F}=(-5.00 \mathrm{\ N}) \hat{\imath}+(4.00 \mathrm{\ N}) \hat{\jmath}\). The vector from the origin to the point where the force is applied is \(\vec{\boldsymbol{r}}=(-0.450 \mathrm{\ m}) \hat{\boldsymbol{\imath}}+(0.150 \mathrm{\ m}) \hat{\boldsymbol{j}}\). (a) In a sketch, show \(\vec{r}\), \(\vec{F}\) and the origin. (b) Use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the torque. (c) Calculate the vector torque for an axis at the origin produced by this force. Verify that the direction of the torque is the same as you obtained in part (b).

Problem 6DQ The harder you hit the brakes while driving forward, the more the front end of your car will move down (and the rear end move up). Why? What happens when cars accelerate forward? Why do drag racers not use front-wheel drive only?

Problem 8DQ When you turn on an electric motor, it takes longer to come up to final speed if a grinding wheel is attached to the shaft. Why?

A machinist is using a wrench to loosen a nut. The wrench is 25.0 cm long, and he exerts a 17.0-N force at the end of the handle at \(37^{\circ}\) with the handle (Fig. E10.8). (a) What torque does the machinist exert about the center of the nut? (b) What is the maximum torque he could exert with this force, and how should the force be oriented?

Problem 9DQ Experienced cooks can tell whether an egg is raw or hard boiled by rolling it down a slope (taking care to catch it at the bottom). How is this possible? What are they looking for?

Problem 9E The flywheel of an engine has moment of inertia 2.50 kg ? m2 about its rotation axis. What constant torque is required to bring it up to an angular speed of 400 rev/min in 8.00 s, starting from rest?

Problem 10DQ The work done by a force is the product of force and distance. The torque due to a force is the product of force and distance. Does this mean that torque and work are equivalent? Explain.

Problem 11E A machine part has the shape of a solid uniform sphere of mass 225 g and diameter 3.00 cm. It is spinning about a frictionless axle through its center, but at one point on its equator it is scraping against metal, resulting in a friction force of 0.0200 N at that point. (a) Find its angular acceleration. (b) How long will it take to decrease its rotational speed by 22.5 rad/s?

Problem 12DQ You make two versions of the same object out of the same material having uniform density. For one version, all the dimensions are exactly twice as great as for the other one. If the same torque acts on both versions, giving the smaller version angular acceleration ?, what will be the angular acceleration of the larger version in terms of ??

Problem 12E A cord is wrapped around the rim of a solid uniform wheel 0.250 m in radius and of mass 9.20 kg. A steady horizontal pull of 40.0 N to the right is exerted on the cord, pulling it off tangentially from the wheel. The wheel is mounted on frictionless bearings on a horizontal axle through its center. (a) Compute the angular acceleration of the wheel and the acceleration of the part of the cord that has already been pulled off the wheel. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of the force that the axle exerts on the wheel. (c) Which of the answers in parts (a) and (b) would change if the pull were upward instead of horizontal?

Problem 13DQ Two identical masses are attached to frictionless pulleys by very light strings wrapped around the rim of the pulley and are released from rest. Both pulleys have the same mass and same diameter, but one is solid and the other is a hoop. As the masses fall, in which case is the tension in the string greater, or is it the same in both cases? Justify your answer.

Problem 13E CP A 2.00-kg textbook rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A cord attached to the book passes over a pulley whose diameter is 0.150 m, to a hanging book with mass 3.00 kg. The system is released from rest, and the books are observed to move 1.20 m in 0.800 s. (a) What is the tension in each part of the cord? (b) What is the moment of inertia of the pulley about its rotation axis?

The force of gravity acts on the baton in Fig. 10.11, and forces produce torques that cause a body’s angular velocity to change. Why, then, is the angular velocity of the baton in the figure constant?

CP A stone is suspended from the free end of a wire that is wrapped around the outer rim of a pulley, similar to what is shown in Fig. 10.10. The pulley is a uniform disk with mass \(10.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) and radius \(50.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) and turns on frictionless bearings. You measure that the stone travels \(12.6 \mathrm{~m}\) in the first \(3.00 \mathrm{~s}\) starting from rest. Find (a) the mass of the stone and (b) the tension in the wire. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 10.0 kg 50.0 cm 12.6 m 3.00 s

Problem 15DQ A certain solid uniform ball reaches a maximum height h0 when it rolls up a hill without slipping. What maximum height (in terms of h0) will it reach if you (a) double its diameter, (b) double its mass, (c) double both its diameter and mass, (d) double its angular speed at the bottom of the hill?

Problem 15E A wheel rotates without friction about a stationary horizontal axis at the center of the wheel. A constant tangential force equal to 80.0 N is applied to the rim of the wheel. The wheel has radius 0.120 m. Starting from rest, the wheel has an angular speed of 12.0 rev/s after 2.00 s. What is the moment of inertia of the wheel?

Problem 16DQ A wheel is rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface. In an inertial frame of reference in which the surface is at rest, is there any point on the wheel that has a velocity that is purely vertical? Is there any point that has a horizontal velocity component opposite to the velocity of the center of mass? Explain. Do your answers change if the wheel is slipping as it rolls? Why or why not?

Problem 16E CP A 15.0-kg bucket of water is suspended by a very light rope wrapped around a solid uniform cylinder 0.300 m in diameter with mass 12.0 kg. The cylinder pivots on a frictionless axle through its center. The bucket is released from rest at the top of a well and falls 10.0 m to the water. (a) What is the tension in the rope while the bucket is falling? (b) With what speed does the bucket strike the water? (c) What is the time of fall? (d) While the bucket is falling, what is the force exerted on the cylinder by the axle?

Problem 17DQ Part of the kinetic energy of a moving automobile is in the rotational motion of its wheels. When the brakes are applied hard on an icy street, the wheels “lock” and the car starts to slide. What becomes of the rotational kinetic energy?

A \(12.0-\mathrm{kg}\) box resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface is attached to a \(\text { 5.00-kg }\) weight by a thin, light wire that passes over a frictionless pulley (Fig. E10.17). The pulley has the shape of a uniform solid disk of mass \(2.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) and diameter \(0.500 \mathrm{~m}\). After the system is released, find (a) the tension in the wire on both sides of the pulley, (b) the acceleration of the box, and (c) the horizontal and vertical components of the force that the axle exerts on the pulley. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 12.0-kg 5.00-kg 2.00 kg 0.500 m

Problem 18DQ A hoop, a uniform solid cylinder, a spherical shell, and a uniform solid sphere are released from rest at the top of an incline. What is the order in which they arrive at the bottom of the incline? Does it matter whether or not the masses and radii of the objects are all the same? Explain.

Problem 18E BIO Gymnastics. We can roughly model a gymnastic tumbler as a uniform solid cylinder of mass 75 kg and diameter 1.0 m. If this tumbler rolls forward at 0.50 rev/s, (a) how much total kinetic energy does he have, and (b) what percent of his total kinetic energy is rotational?

A ball is rolling along at speed v without slipping on a horizontal surface when it comes to a hill that rises at a constant angle above the horizontal. In which case will it go higher up the hill: if the hill has enough friction to prevent slipping or if the hill is perfectly smooth? Justify your answers in both cases in terms of energy conservation and in terms of Newton’s second law.

Problem 19E A 2.20-kg hoop 1.20 m in diameter is rolling to the right without slipping on a horizontal floor at a steady 3.00 rad/s. (a) How fast is its center moving? (b) What is the total kinetic energy of the hoop? (c) Find the velocity vector of each of the following points, as viewed by a person at rest on the ground: (i) the highest point on the hoop; (ii) the lowest point on the hoop; (iii) a point on the right side of the hoop, midway between the top and the bottom. (d) Find the velocity vector for each of the points in Part (c), but this time as viewed by someone moving along with the same velocity as the hoop.

Problem 20DQ You are standing at the center of a large horizontal turntable in a carnival funhouse. The turntable is set rotating on frictionless bearings, and it rotates freely (that is, there is no motor driving the turntable). As you walk toward the edge of the turntable, what happens to the combined angular momentum of you and the turntable? What happens to the rotation speed of the turntable? Explain.

Problem 20E A string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 8.00 cm and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is held in place and the hoop is released from rest (Fig. E10.20). After the hoop has descended 75.0 cm, calculate (a) the angular speed of the rotating hoop and (b) the speed of its center.

A certain uniform turntable of diameter \(D_{0}\) has an angular momentum \(L_{0}\). If you want to redesign it so it retains the same mass but has twice as much angular momentum at the same angular velocity as before, what should be its diameter in terms of \(D_{0}\)?

Problem 21E What fraction of the total kinetic energy is rotational for the following objects rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface? (a) A uniform solid cylinder; (b) a uniform sphere; (c) a thin-walled, hollow sphere; (d) a hollow cylinder with outer radius R and inner radius R/2.

A solid ball is released from rest and slides down a hillside that slopes downward at \(65.0^{\circ}\) from the horizontal. (a) What minimum value must the coefficient of static friction between the hill and ball surfaces have for no slipping to occur? (b) Would the coefficient of friction calculated in part (a) be sufficient to prevent a hollow ball (such as a soccer ball) from slipping? Justify your answer. (c) In part (a), why did we use the coefficient of static friction and not the coefficient of kinetic friction?

In Example 10.10 (Section 10.6) the rotational kinetic energy of the professor and dumbbells increases. But since there are no external torques, no work is being done to change the rotational kinetic energy. Then, by Eq. (10.22), the kinetic energy must remain the same! Explain what is wrong with this reasoning that leads to this apparent contradiction. Where does the extra kinetic energy come from?

As discussed in Section 10.6, the angular momentum of a circus acrobat is conserved as she tumbles through the air. Is her linear momentum conserved? Why or why not?

Problem 25E A 392-N wheel comes off a moving truck and rolls without slipping along a highway. At the bottom of a hill it is rotating at 25.0 rad/s. The radius of the wheel is 0.600 m, and its moment of inertia about its rotation axis is 0.800MR2. Friction does work on the wheel as it rolls up the hill to a stop, a height h above the bottom of the hill; this work has absolute value 3500 J. Calculate h.

Problem 26DQ If you stop a spinning raw egg for the shortest possible instant and then release it, the egg will start spinning again. If you do the same to a hard-boiled egg, it will remain stopped. Try it. Explain it.

A Ball Rolling Uphill. A bowling ball rolls without slipping up a ramp that slopes upward at an angle to the horizontal (see Example 10.7 in Section 10.3). Treat the ball as a uniform solid sphere, ignoring the finger holes. (a) Draw the free-body diagram for the ball. Explain why the friction force must be directed uphill. (b) What is the acceleration of the center of mass of the ball? (c) What minimum coefficient of static friction is needed to prevent slipping?

Problem 27DQ A helicopter has a large main rotor that rotates in a horizontal plane and provides lift. There is also a small rotor on the tail that rotates in a vertical plane. What is the purpose of the tail rotor? (Hint: If there were no tail rotor, what would happen when the pilot changed the angular speed of the main rotor?) Some helicopters have no tail rotor, but instead have two large main rotors that rotate in a horizontal plane. Why is it important that the two main rotors rotate in opposite directions?

A thin, light string is wrapped around the outer rim of a uniform hollow cylinder of mass \(4.75 \mathrm{~kg}\)having inner and outer radii as shown in Fig. E10.27. The cylinder is then released from rest. (a) How far must the cylinder fall before its center is moving at \(6.66 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) (b) If you just dropped this cylinder without any string, how fast would its center be moving when it had fallen the distance in part (a)? (c) Why do you get two different answers when the cylinder falls the same distance in both cases? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 4.75 kg 6.66 m/s 20.0 cm 35.0 cm

Problem 28DQ In a common design for a gyroscope, the flywheel and flywheel axis are enclosed in a light, spherical frame with the flywheel at the center of the frame. The gyroscope is then balanced on top of a pivot so that the flywheel is directly above the pivot. Does the gyroscope precess if it is released while the flywheel is spinning? Explain.

Problem 29DQ A gyroscope takes 3.8 s to precess 1.0 revolution about a vertical axis. Two minutes later, it takes only 1.9 s to precess 1.0 revolution. No one has touched the gyroscope. Explain.

Problem 29E A size-5 soccer ball of diameter 22.6 cm and mass 426 g rolls up a hill without slipping, reaching a maximum height of 5.00 m above the base of the hill. We can model this ball as a thin-walled hollow sphere. (a) At what rate was it rotating at the base of the hill? (b) How much rotational kinetic energy did it have then?

A gyroscope is precessing as in Fig. 10.32. What happens if you gently add some weight to the end of the flywheel axis farthest from the pivot?

An engine delivers 175 hp to an aircraft propeller at 2400 rev/min. (a) How much torque does the aircraft engine provide? (b) How much work does the engine do in one revolution of the propeller?

Problem 31DQ A bullet spins on its axis as it emerges from a rifle. Explain how this prevents the bullet from tumbling and keeps the streamlined end pointed forward.

Problem 31E A playground merry-go-round has radius 2.40 m and moment of inertia 2100 kgm2 about a vertical axle through its center, and it turns with negligible friction. (a) A child applies an 18.0-N force tangentially to the edge of the merry-go-round for 15.0 s. If the merry-go-round is initially at rest, what is its angular speed after this 15.0-s interval? (b) How much work did the child do on the merry-go-round? (c) What is the average power supplied by the child?

An electric motor consumes 9.00 kJ of electrical energy in 1.00 min. If one-third of this energy goes into heat and other forms of internal energy of the motor, with the rest going to the motor output, how much torque will this engine develop if you run it at 2500 rpm?

A \(\text { 1.50-kg }\) grinding wheel is in the form of a solid cylinder of radius \(0.100 \mathrm{~m}\). (a) What constant torque will bring it from rest to an angular speed of in \(2.5 \mathrm{~s}\)? (b) Through what angle has it turned during that time? (c) Use Eq. (10.21) to calculate the work done by the torque. (d) What is the grinding wheel’s kinetic energy when it is rotating at Compare your answer to the result in part (c). Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 1.50-kg 0.100 m 2.5 s

An airplane propeller is \(2.08 \mathrm{~m}\) in length (from tip to tip) and has a mass of \(117 \mathrm{~kg}\). When the airplane’s engine is first started, it applies a constant torque of \(1950 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\) to the propeller, which starts from rest. (a) What is the angular acceleration of the propeller? Model the propeller as a slender rod and see Table 9.2. (b) What is the propeller’s angular speed after making 5.00 revolutions? (c) How much work is done by the engine during the first 5.00 revolutions? (d) What is the average power output of the engine during the first 5.00 revolutions? (e) What is the instantaneous power output of the motor at the instant that the propeller has turned through 5.00 revolutions? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 2.08 m 117 kg 1950 N dot m

Problem 35E (a) Compute the torque developed by an industrial motor whose output is 150 kW at an angular speed of 4000 rev/min. (b) A drum with negligible mass, 0.400 m in diameter, is attached to the motor shaft, and the power output of the motor is used to raise a weight hanging from a rope wrapped around the drum. How heavy a weight can the motor lift at constant speed? (c) At what constant speed will the weight rise?

Problem 36E A woman with mass 50 kg is standing on the rim of a large disk that is rotating at 0.80 rev/s about an axis through its center. The disk has mass 110 kg and radius 4.0 m. Calculate the magnitude of the total angular momentum of the woman–disk system. (Assume that you can treat the woman as a point.)

Equation Transcription: ° Text Transcription: v=12.0 m/s 8.00 m 36.9 degree

Problem 38E (a) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth in a circular orbit around the sun. Is it reasonable to model it as a particle? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of the earth due to its rotation around an axis through the north and south poles, modeling it as a uniform sphere. Consult Appendix E and the astronomical data in Appendix F.

Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the second hand on a clock about an axis through the center of the clock face. The clock hand has a length of 15.0 cm and a mass of 6.00 g. Take the second hand to be a slender rod rotating with constant angular velocity about one end.

Problem 40E CALC A hollow, thin-walled sphere of mass 12.0 kg and diameter 48.0 cm is rotating about an axle through its center. The angle (in radians) through which it turns as a function of time (in seconds) is given by ?(t) = At2 + Bt4, where A has numerical value 1.50 and B has numerical value 1.10. (a) What are the units of the constants A and B? (b) At the time 3.00 s, find (i) the angular momentum of the sphere and (ii) the net torque on the sphere.

Under some circumstances, a star can collapse into an extremely dense object made mostly of neutrons and called a neutron star. The density of a neutron star is roughly \(10^{14}\) times as great as that of ordinary solid matter. Suppose we represent the star as a uniform, solid, rigid sphere, both before and after the collapse. The star’s initial radius was \(7.0 \times 10^{5}\) km (comparable to our sun); its final radius is 16 km. If the original star rotated once in 30 days, find the angular speed of the neutron star.

A small block on a frictionless, horizontal surface has a mass of \(0.0250 \mathrm{~kg}\). It is attached to a massless cord passing through a hole in the surface (Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving at a distance of \(0.300 \mathrm{~m}\) from the hole with an angular speed of \(1.75 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\)The cord is then pulled from below, shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves to \(0.150 \mathrm{~m}\). Model the block as a particle. (a) Is the angular momentum of the block conserved? Why or why not? (b) What is the new angular speed? (c) Find the change in kinetic energy of the block (d) How much work was done in pulling the cord? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 0.0250 kg 0.300 m 1.75 rad/s 0.150 m

Problem 46E A solid wood door 1.00 m wide and 2.00 m high is hinged along one side and has a total mass of 40.0 kg. Initially open and at rest, the door is struck at its center by a handful of sticky mud with mass 0.500 kg, traveling perpendicular to the door at 12.0 m/s just before impact. Find the final angular speed of the door. Does the mud make a significant contribution to the moment of inertia?

Problem 47E A small 10.0-g bug stands at one end of a thin uniform bar that is initially at rest on a smooth horizontal table. The other end of the bar pivots about a nail driven into the table and can rotate freely, without friction. The bar has mass 50.0 g and is 100 cm in length. The bug jumps off in the horizontal direction, perpendicular to the bar, with a speed of 20.0 cm/s relative to the table. (a) What is the angular speed of the bar just after the frisky insect leaps? (b) What is the total kinetic energy of the system just after the bug leaps? (c) Where does this energy come from?

Problem 48E Asteroid Collision! Suppose that an asteroid traveling straight toward the center of the earth were to collide with our planet at the equator and bury itself just below the surface. What would have to be the mass of this asteroid, in terms of the earth’s mass M, for the day to become 25.0% longer than it presently is as a result of the collision? Assume that the asteroid is very small compared to the earth and that the earth is uniform throughout.

Problem 50E A thin uniform rod has a length of 0.500 m and is rotating in a circle on a frictionless table. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the length of the rod at one end and is stationary. The rod has an angular velocity of 0.400 rad/s and a moment of inertia about the axis of 3.00 ×10?3 kg ? m2. A bug initially standing on the rod at the axis of rotation decides to crawl out to the other end of the rod. When the bug has reached the end of the rod and sits there, its tangential speed is 0.160 m/s. The bug can be treated as a point mass. (a) What is the mass of the rod? (b) What is the mass of the bug?

Problem 51E A uniform, 4.5-kg, square, solid wooden gate 1.5 m on each side hangs vertically from a frictionless pivot at the center of its upper edge. A 1.1-kg raven flying horizontally at 5.0 m/s flies into this door at its center and bounces back at 2.0 m/s in the opposite direction. (a) What is the angular speed of the gate just after it is struck by the unfortunate raven? (b) During the collision, why is the angular momentum conserved but not the linear momentum?

Problem 52E Sedna. In November 2003 the now-most-distant-known object in the solar system was discovered by observation with a telescope on Mt. Palomar. This object known as Sedna, is approximately 1700 km in diameter, takes about 10.500 years to orbit our sun, and reaches a maximum speed of 4.64 km/s. Calculations of its complete path, based on several measurements of its position, indicate that its orbit is highly elliptical, varying from 76 AU to 942 AU in its distance from the sun, where AU is the astronomical unit, which is the average distance of the earth from the sun (1.50 × 108 km). (a) What is Sedna’s minimum speed? (b) At what points in its orbit do its maximum and minimum speeds occur? (c) What is the ratio of Sedna’s maximum kinetic energy to its minimum kinetic energy?

Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 4.00 cm

Problem 54E A Gyroscope on the Moon. A certain gyroscope precesses at a rate of 0.50 rad/s when used on earth. If it were taken to a lunar base, where the acceleration due to gravity is 0.165 g, what would be its precession rate?

Problem 55E A gyroscope is precessing about a vertical axis. Describe what happens to the precession angular speed if the following changes in the variables are made, with all other variables remaining the same: (a) the angular speed of the spinning flywheel is doubled; (b) the total weight is doubled; (c) the moment of inertia about the axis of the spinning flywheel is doubled; (d) the distance from the pivot to the center of gravity is doubled. (e) What happens if all four of the variables in parts (a) through (d) are doubled?

Problem 56E Stabilization of the Hubble Space Telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope is stabilized to within an angle of about 2-millionths of a degree by means of a series of gyroscopes that spin at 19,200 rpm. Although the structure of these gyroscopes is actually quite complex, we can model each of the gyroscopes as a thin-walled cylinder of mass 2.0 kg and diameter 5.0 cm, spinning about its central axis. How large a torque would it take to cause these gyroscopes to precess through an angle of 1.0 X 10-6 degree during a 5.0-hour exposure of a galaxy?

A \(50.0-\mathrm{kg}\) grindstone is a solid disk \(0.520 \mathrm{~m}\) in diameter. You press an ax down on the rim with a normal force of \(160 \mathrm{~N}\) (Fig. P10.57). The coefficient of kinetic friction between the blade and the stone is 0.60, and there is a constant friction torque of \(6.50 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\) between the axle of the stone and its bearings. (a) How much force must be applied tangentially at the end of a crank handle \(0.500 \mathrm{~m}\) long to bring the stone from rest to in \(9.00 \mathrm{~s}\)? (b) After the grindstone attains an angular speed of \(120 \text { rev } / \mathrm{min}\), what tangential force at the end of the handle is needed to maintain a constant angular speed of \(120 \text { rev } / \mathrm{min}\)? (c) How much time does it take the grindstone to come from to rest if it is acted on by the axle friction alone? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 50.0-kg 0.520 m 160 N 6.50 N dot m 0.500 m 9.00 s 120 rev/min 120 rev/min m=50.0 kg \omega F=160 N

Problem 58P An experimental bicycle wheel is placed on a test stand so that it is free to turn on its axle. If a constant net torque of 7.00 N ? m is applied to the tire for 2.00 s, the angular speed of the tire increases from 0 to 100 rev/min. The external torque is then removed, and the wheel is brought to rest by friction in its bearings in 125 s. Compute (a) the moment of inertia of the wheel about the rotation axis; (b) the friction torque; (c) the total number of revolutions made by the wheel in the 125-s time interval.

A grindstone in the shape of a solid disk with diameter \(0.520 \mathrm{~m}\) and a mass of \(50.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) is rotating at You press an ax against the rim with a normal force of \(160 \mathrm{~N}\) (Fig. P10.57), and the grindstone comes to rest in \(7.50 \mathrm{~s}\). Find the coefficient of friction between the ax and the grindstone. You can ignore friction in the bearings. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 0.520 m 50.0 kg 160 N 7.50 s

A uniform, \(8.40-\mathrm{kg}\), spherical shell \(50.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) in diameter has four small \(\text { 2.00-kg }\) masses attached to its outer surface and equally spaced around it. This combination is spinning about an axis running through the center of the sphere and two of the small masses (Fig. P10.60). What friction torque is needed to reduce its angular speed from \(75.0 \mathrm{rpm}\) to \(50.0 \mathrm{rpm}\) in \(30.0 \mathrm{~s}\)? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 8.40-kg 50.0 cm 2.00-kg 75.0 rpm 50.0 rpm 30.0 s

Problem 61P A solid uniform cylinder with mass 8.25 kg and diameter 15.0 cm is spinning at 220 rpm on a thin, frictionless axle that passes along the cylinder axis. You design a simple friction brake to stop the cylinder by pressing the brake against the outer rim with a normal force. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the brake and rim is 0.333. What must the applied normal force be to bring the cylinder to rest after it has turned through 5.25 revolutions?

A uniform hollow disk has two pieces of thin, light wire wrapped around its outer rim and is supported from the ceiling (Fig. P10.62). Suddenly one of the wires breaks, and the remaining wire does not slip as the disk rolls down. Use energy conservation to find the speed of the center of this disk after it has fallen a distance of 2.20 m.

A thin, uniform, \(3.80-\mathrm{kg}\) bar, \(80.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) long, has very small \(\text { 2.50-kg }\) balls glued on at either end (Fig.P10.63). It is supported horizontally by a thin, horizontal, frictionless axle passing through its center and perpendicular to the bar. Suddenly the right-hand ball becomes detached and falls off, but the other ball remains glued to the bar. (a) Find the angular acceleration of the bar just after the ball falls off. (b) Will the angular acceleration remain constant as the bar continues to swing? If not, will it increase or decrease? (c) Find the angular velocity of the bar just as it swings through its vertical position. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 3.80-kg 80.0 cm 2.50-kg

Problem 64P While exploring a castle, Exena the Exterminator is spotted by a dragon that chases her down a hallway. Exena runs into a room and attempts to swing the heavy door shut before the dragon gets her. The door is initially perpendicular to the wall, so it must be turned through 90° to close. The door is 3.00 m tall and 1.25 m wide and it weighs 750 N. You can ignore the friction at the hinges. If Exena applies a force of 220 N at the edge of the door and perpendicular to it, how much time does it take her to close the door?

You connect a light string to a point on the edge of a uniform vertical disk with radius R and mass M. The disk is free to rotate without friction about a stationary horizontal axis through its center. Initially, the disk is at rest with the string connection at the highest point on the disk. You pull the string with a constant horizontal force until the wheel has made exactly one-quarter revolution about a horizontal axis through its center, and then you let go. (a) Use Eq. (10.20) to find the work done by the string. (b) Use Eq. (6.14) to find the work done by the string. Do you obtain the same result as in part (a)? (c) Find the final angular speed of the disk. (d) Find the maximum tangential acceleration of a point on the disk. (e) Find the maximum radial (centripetal) acceleration of a point on the disk.

Balancing Act. Attached to one end of a long, thin, uniform rod of length L and mass M is a small blob of clay of the same mass M. (a) Locate the position of the center of mass of the system of rod and clay. Note this position on a drawing of the rod. F S \(90^{\circ}\) Spin axis Figure P10.60 \(50.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) \(30.0 \mathrm{~cm}\)Figure P10.62 Axle (seen end-on) \(2.50 \mathrm{~kg}\) Bar \(2.50 \text { kg }\)Figure P10.63 Problems 339 (b) You carefully balance the rod on a frictionless tabletop so that it is standing vertically, with the end without the clay touching the table. If the rod is now tipped so that it is a small angle away from the vertical, determine its angular acceleration at this instant. Assume that the end without the clay remains in contact with the tabletop. (Hint: See Table 9.2.) (c) You again balance the rod on the frictionless tabletop so that it is standing vertically, but now the end of the rod with the clay is touching the table. If the rod is again tipped so that it is a small angle away from the vertical, determine its angular acceleration at this instant. Assume that the end with the clay remains in contact with the tabletop. How does this compare to the angular acceleration in part (b)? (d) A pool cue is a tapered wooden rod that is thick at one end and thin at the other. You can easily balance a pool cue vertically on one finger if the thin end is in contact with your finger; this is quite a bit harder to do if the thick end is in contact with your finger. Explain why there is a difference. Equation Transcription: ° Text Transcription: 90 degree 50.0 cm 30.0 cm 2.50 kg 2.50 kg

Atwood’s Machine. Figure P10.67 illustrates an Atwood’s machine. Find the linear accelerations of blocks A and B, the angular acceleration of the wheel C, and the tension in each side of the cord if there is no slipping between the cord and the surface of the wheel. Let the masses of blocks A and B be \(4.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) and \(2.00 \mathrm{~kg}\), respectively, the moment of inertia of the wheel about its axis be \(0.300 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) and the radius of the wheel be \(0.120 \mathrm{~m}\). Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 4.00 kg 2.00 kg 0.300 kg dot m^2 0.120 m

The mechanism shown in Fig. P10.68 is used to raise a crate of supplies from a ship’s hold. The crate has total mass 50 kg. A rope is wrapped around a wooden cylinder that turns on a metal axle. The cylinder has radius 0.25 m and moment of inertia \(I=2.9 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) about the axle. The crate is suspended from the free end of the rope. One end of the axle pivots on frictionless bearings; a crank handle is attached to the other end. When the crank is turned, the end of the handle rotates about the axle in a vertical circle of radius , the cylinder turns, and the crate is raised. What magnitude of the force \(\overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{F}}\) applied tangentially to the rotating crank is required to raise the crate with an acceleration of \(1.40 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)? (You can ignore the mass of the rope as well as the moments of inertia of the axle and the crank.)

A large 16.0-kg roll of paper with radius R = 18.0 cm rests against the wall and is held in place by a bracket attached to a rod through the center of the roll (Fig. P10.69). The rod turns without friction in the bracket, and the moment of inertia of the paper and rod about the axis is \(0.260 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\).The other end of the bracket is attached by a frictionless hinge to the wall such that the bracket makes an angle of with the wall. The weight of the bracket is negligible. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the paper and the wall is \(m_{k}=0.25\).A constant vertical force F = 60.0 N is applied to the paper, and the paper unrolls. (a) What is the magnitude of the force that the rod exerts on the paper as it unrolls? (b) What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the roll? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 0.260 kg times m2 M_k = 0.25

A block with mass \(m=5.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) slides down a surface inclined to the horizontal (Fig. P10.70). The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25. A string attached to the block is wrapped around a flywheel on a fixed axis at O. The flywheel has mass 25.0 kg and moment of inertia \(0.500 \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) with respect to the axis of rotation. The string pulls without slipping at a perpendicular distance of 0.200 m from that axis. (a) What is the acceleration of the block down the plane? (b) What is the tension in the string? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: m=5.00 kg 0.500 kg • m^2

Two metal disks, one with radius \(R_{1}=2.50 \mathrm{~cm}\) and mass \(M_{1}=0.80 \mathrm{~kg}\) and the other with radius \(R_{2}=5.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) and mass \(M_{2}=1.60 \mathrm{~kg}\), are welded together and mounted on a frictionless axis through their common center, as in Problem . (a) A light string is wrapped around the edge of the smaller disk, and a \(1.50-k g\) block is suspended from the free end of the string. What is the magnitude of the downward acceleration of the block after it is released? (b) Repeat the calculation of part (a), this time with the string wrapped around the edge of the larger disk. In which case is the acceleration of the block greater? Does your answer make sense? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: R_1=2.50 cm M_1=0.80 kg R_2=5.00 cm M_2=1.60 kg 1.50-kg

Problem 72P A lawn roller in the form of a thin-walled, hollow cylinder with mass M is pulled horizontally with a constant horizontal force F applied by a handle attached to the axle. If it rolls without slipping, find the acceleration and the friction force.

Starting from rest, a constant force is applied to the free end of a \(50-\mathrm{m}\) cable wrapped around the outer rim of a uniform solid cylinder, similar to the situation shown in Fig. 10.9(a). The cylinder has mass \(4.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) and diameter \(30.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) and is free to turn about a fixed, frictionless axle through its center. (a) How long does it take to unwrap all the cable, and how fast is the cable moving just as the last bit comes off? (b) Now suppose that the cylinder is replaced by a uniform hoop, with all other quantities remaining unchanged. In this case, would the answers in part (a) be larger or smaller? Explain. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 50-m 4.00 kg 30.0 cm

As shown in Fig. E10.20, a string is wrapped several times around the rim of a small hoop with radius 0.0800 m and mass 0.180 kg. The free end of the string is pulled upward in just the right way so that the hoop does not move vertically as the string unwinds. (a) Find the tension in the string as the string unwinds. (b) Find the angular acceleration of the hoop as the string unwinds. (c) Find the upward acceleration of the hand that pulls on the free end of the string. (d) How would your answers be different if the hoop were replaced by a solid disk of the same mass and radius?

A basketball (which can be closely modeled as a hollow spherical shell) rolls down a mountainside into a valley and then up the opposite side, starting from rest at a height \(H_{0}\) above the bottom. In Fig. P10.79, the rough part of the terrain prevents slipping while the smooth part has no friction. (a) How high, in terms of \(H_{0}\), will the ball go up the other side? (b) Why doesn’t the ball return to height \(H_{0}\)? Has it lost any of its original potential energy?

Rolling Stones. A solid, uniform, spherical boulder starts from rest and rolls down a \(50.0-\mathrm{m}\)-high hill, as shown in Fig. P10.81. The top half of the hill is rough enough to cause the boulder to roll without slipping, but the lower half is covered with ice and there is no friction. What is the translational speed of the boulder when it reaches the bottom of the hill? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 50.0-m

A solid uniform ball rolls without slipping up a hill, as shown in Fig. P10.82. At the top of the hill, it is moving horizontally, and then it goes over the vertical cliff. (a) How far from the foot of the cliff does the ball land, and how fast is it moving just before it lands? (b) Notice that when the balls lands, it has a greater translational speed than when it was at the bottom of the hill. Does this mean that the ball somehow gained energy? Explain!

Problem 83P A 42.0-cm-diameter wheel, consisting of a rim and six spokes, is constructed from a thin, rigid plastic material having a linear mass density of 25.0 g/cm. This wheel is released from rest at the top of a hill 58.0 m high. (a) How fast is it rolling when it reaches the bottom of the hill? (b) How would your answer change if the linear mass density and the diameter of the wheel were each doubled?

Problem 84P A child rolls a 0.600-kg basketball up a long ramp. The basketball can be considered a thin-walled, hollow sphere. When the child releases the basketball at the bottom of the ramp, it has a speed of 8.0 m/s. When the ball returns to her after rolling up the ramp and then rolling back down, it has a speed of 4.0 m/s. Assume the work done by friction on the basketball is the same when the ball moves up or down the ramp and that the basketball rolls without slipping. Find the maximum vertical height increase of the ball as it rolls up the ramp.

In a lab experiment you let a uniform ball roll down a curved track. The ball starts from rest and rolls without slipping. While on the track, the ball descends a vertical distance h. The lower end of the track is horizontal and extends over the edge of the lab table; the ball leaves the track traveling horizontally. While free-falling after leaving the track, the ball moves a horizontal distance x and a vertical distance y. (a) Calculate x in terms of h and y, ignoring the work done by friction. (b) Would the answer to part (a) be any different on the moon? (c) Although you do the experiment very carefully, your measured value of x is consistently a bit smaller than the value calculated in part (a). Why? (d) What would x be for the same h and y as in part (a) if you let a silver dollar roll down the track? You can ignore the work done by friction.

Problem 86P A uniform drawbridge 8.00 m long is attached to the roadway by a frictionless hinge at one end, and it can be raised by a cable attached to the other end. The bridge is at rest, suspended at 60.0° above the horizontal, when the cable suddenly breaks. (a) Find the angular acceleration of the drawbridge just after the cable breaks. (Gravity behaves as though it all acts at the center of mass.) (b) Could you use the equation ? = ?0 + ?t to calculate the angular speed of the drawbridge at a later time? Explain why. (c) What is the angular speed of the drawbridge as it becomes horizontal?

A uniform solid cylinder with mass M and radius 2R rests on a horizontal tabletop. A string is attached by a yoke to a frictionless axle through the center of the cylinder so that the cylinder can rotate about the axle. The string runs over a disk-shaped pulley with mass M and radius R that is mounted on a frictionless axle through its center. Ablock of mass Mis suspended from the free end of the string (Fig. P10.87). The string doesn’t slip over the pulley surface, and the cylinder rolls without slipping on the tabletop. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the block after the system is released from rest. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: M 2R R

A uniform, 0.0300-kg rod of length 0.400 m rotates in a horizontal plane about a fixed axis through its center and perpendicular to the rod. Two small rings, each with mass 0.0200 kg, are mounted so that they can slide along the rod. They are initially held by catches at positions 0.0500 m on each side of the center of the rod, and the system is rotating at 30.0 rev/min. With no other changes in the system, the catches are released, and the rings slide outward along the rod and fly off at the ends. (a) What is the angular speed of the system at the instant when the rings reach the ends of the rod? (b) What is the angular speed of the rod after the rings leave it?

A 5.00-kg ball is dropped from a height of 12.0 m above one end of a uniform bar that pivots at its center. The bar has mass 8.00 kg and is 4.00 m in length. At the other end of the bar sits another 5.00-kg ball, unattached to the bar. The dropped ball sticks to the bar after the collision. How high will the other ball go after the collision?

Problem 90P Tarzan and Jane in the 21st Century. Tarzan has foolishly gotten himself into another scrape with the animals and must be rescued once again by Jane. The 60.0-kg Jane starts from rest at a height of 5.00 m in the trees and swings down to the ground using a thin, but very rigid, 30.0-kg vine 8.00 m long. She arrives just in time to snatch the 72.0-kg Tarzan from the jaws of an angry hippopotamus. What is Jane’s (and the vine’s) angular speed (a) just before she grabs Tarzan and (b) just after she grabs him? (c) How high will Tarzan and Jane go on their first swing after this daring rescue?

A uniform rod of length L rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. The rod pivots about a fixed frictionless axis at one end. The rod is initially at rest. A bullet traveling parallel to the horizontal surface and perpendicular to the rod with speed v strikes the rod at its center and becomes embedded in it. The mass of the bullet is one-fourth the mass of the rod. (a) What is the final angular speed of the rod? (b) What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of the system after the collision to the kinetic energy of the bullet before the collision?

The solid wood door of a gymnasium is 1.00 m wide and 2.00 m high, has total mass 35.0 kg, and is hinged along one side. The door is open and at rest when a stray basketball hits the center of the door head-on, applying an average force of 1500 N to the door for 8.00 ms. Find the angular speed of the door after the impact. [Hint: Integrating Eq. (10.29) yields \(\Delta L_{z}=\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\left(\sum \tau_{z}\right) d t=\left(\Sigma \tau_{z}\right)_{\mathrm{av}} \Delta t\). The quantity \(\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}\left(\sum \tau_{z}\right) d t\) is called the angular impulse.]

Problem 93P A target in a shooting gallery consists of a vertical square wooden board, 0.250 m on a side and with mass 0.750 kg that pivots on a horizontal axis along its top edge. The board is struck face-on at its center by a bullet with mass 1.90 g that is traveling at 360 m/s and that remains embedded in the board. (a) What is the angular speed of the board just after the bullet’s impact? (b) What maximum height above the equilibrium position does the center of the board reach before starting to swing down again? (c) What minimum bullet speed would be required for the board to swing all the way over after impact?

Neutron Star Glitches. Occasionally, a rotating neu- tron star (see Exercise 10.41) undergoes a sudden and unexpected speedup called a glitch. One explanation is that a glitch occurs when the crust of the neutron star settles slightly, decreasing the moment of inertia about the rotation axis. A neutron star with angular \(\omega_0 = 70.4 \mathrm{\ rad}/\mathrm{s}\) speed underwent such a glitch in October 1975 that increased its angular speed to \(\omega=\omega_{0}+\Delta \omega\), where \(\Delta \omega / \omega_{0}=2.01 \times 10^{-6}\). If the radius of the neutron star before the glitch was 11 km, by how much did its radius decrease in the starquake? Assume that the neutron star is a uniform sphere. Text Transcription: omega_0 = 70.4 rad/s omega = omega_0+Delta omega Delta omega/omega_0=2.01 times 10^-6

A 500.0-g bird is flying horizontally at 2.25 m/s, not paying much attention, when it suddenly flies into a stationary vertical bar, hitting it 25.0 cm below the top (Fig. P10.95). The bar is uniform, 0.750 m long, has a mass of 1.50 kg, and is hinged at its base. The collision stuns the bird so that it just drops to the ground afterward (but soon recovers to fly happily away). What is the angular velocity of the bar (a) just after it is hit by the bird and (b) just as it reaches the ground?

A small block with mass \(0.250 \mathrm{~kg}\) is attached to a string passing through a hole in a frictionless, horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The block is originally revolving in a circle with a radius of \(0.800 \mathrm{~m}\) about the hole with a tangential speed of \(4.00 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), The string is then pulled slowly from below, shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves. The breaking strength of the string is \(30.0 \mathrm{~N}\). What is the radius of the circle when the string breaks? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 0.250 kg 0.800 m 4.00 m/s 30.0 N

Problem 97P A horizontal plywood disk with mass 7.00 kg and diameter 1.00 m pivots on frictionless bearings about a vertical axis through its center. You attach a circular model-railroad track of negligible mass and average diameter 0.95 m to the disk. A 1.20-kg, battery-driven model train rests on the tracks. To demonstrate conservation of angular momentum, you switch on the train’s engine. The train moves counterclockwise, soon attaining a constant speed of 0.600 m/s relative to the tracks. Find the magnitude and direction of the angular velocity of the disk relative to the earth.

A 55-kg runner runs around the edge of a horizontal turntable mounted on a vertical, frictionless axis through its center. The runner’s velocity relative to the earth has magnitude 2.8 m/s. The turntable is rotating in the opposite direction with an angular velocity of magnitude 0.20 rad/s relative to the earth. The radius of the turntable is 3.0 m, and its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is \(80\mathrm{\ kg}\cdot\mathrm{m}^2\). Find the final angular velocity of the system if the runner comes to rest relative to the turntable. (You can model the runner as a particle.)

Center of Percussion. A baseball bat rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. The bat has a length of \(0.900 \mathrm{~m}\), a mass of \(0.800 \mathrm{~kg}\), and its center of mass is \(0.600 \mathrm{~m}\) from the handle end of the bat (Fig. P10.99). The moment of inertia of the bat about its center of mass is 0.0530 \\(mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\)The bat is struck by a baseball traveling perpendicular to the bat. The impact applies an Impulse \(J=\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}} F d t\) at a point a distance x from the handle end of the bat. What must x be so that the handle end of the bat remains at rest as the bat begins to move? [Hint: Consider the motion of the center of mass and the rotation about the center of mass. Find x so that these two motions combine to givefor the end of the bat just after the collision. Also, note that integration of Eq. (10.29) Gives \(\Delta L=\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}(\Sigma \tau) d t\) (see Problem 10.92).] The point on the bat you have located is called the center of percussion. Hitting a pitched ball at the center of percussion of the bat minimizes the “sting” the batter experiences on the hands. Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: 0.900 m 0.800 kg 0.600 m Kg dot m^2 J=\int_t_1^t_2 F d t v=0 \Delta L=\int_t_1^t_{2(\Sigma \tau d t

A uniform ball of radius R rolls without slipping between two rails such that the horizontal distance is d between the two contact points of the rails to the ball. (a) In a sketch, show that at any instant \(v_{c m}=\sqrt[\infty]{R^{2}-d^{2} / 4}\) Discuss this expression in the limits \(d=0 \text { and } d=2 R\) (b) For a uniform ball starting from rest and descending a vertical distance h while rolling without slipping down a ramp, \(v_{c m}=\sqrt[\omega]{10 g h / 7}\) Replacing the ramp with the two rails, show that In each case, the work done by friction has been ignored. (c) Which speed in part (b) is smaller? Why? Answer in terms of how the loss of potential energy is shared between the gain in translational and rotational kinetic energies. (d) For which value of the ratio do the two expressions for the speed in part (b) differ by 5.0%? By 0.50%? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: v_{c m}=\sqrt[\infty]R^2-d^2 / 4 d=0 and d=2R v_{c m}=\sqrt[\omega]10 g h / 7 d/R 5.0 percent 0.50 percent

Problem 101CP When an object is rolling without slipping, the rolling friction force is much less than the friction force when the object is sliding; a silver dollar will roll on its edge much farther than it will slide on its flat side (see Section 5.3). When an object is rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface, we can approximate the friction force to be zero, so that ?x and ?z are approximately zero and vx and ?z are approximately constant. Rolling without slipping means vx = r?z and ax = r?z. If an object is set in motion on a surface without these equalities, sliding (kinetic) friction will act on the object as it slips until rolling without slipping is established. A solid cylinder with mass M and radius R, rotating with angular speed ?0 about an axis through its center, is set on a horizontal surface for which the kinetic friction coefficient is µk. (a) Draw a free-body diagram for the cylinder on the surface. Think carefully about the direction of the kinetic friction force on the cylinder. Calculate the accelerations ax of the center of mass and ?z of rotation about the center of mass. (b) The cylinder is initially slipping completely, so initially ?z = ?0 but vx = 0. Rolling without slipping sets in when vx = r?z. Calculate the distance the cylinder rolls before slipping stops. (c) Calculate the work done by the friction force on the cylinder as it moves from where it was set down to where it begins to roll without slipping.

Problem 102CP A demonstration gyroscope wheel is constructed by removing the tire from a bicycle wheel 0.650 m in diameter, wrapping lead wire around the rim, and taping it in place. The shaft projects 0.200 m at each side of the wheel, and a woman holds the ends of the shaft in her hands. The mass of the system is 8.00 kg; its entire mass may be assumed to be located at its rim. The shaft is horizontal, and the wheel is spinning about the shaft at 5.00 rev/s. Find the magnitude and direction of the force each hand exerts on the shaft (a) when the shaft is at rest; (b) when the shaft is rotating in a horizontal plane about its center at 0.050 rev/s; (c) when the shaft is rotating in a horizontal plane about its center at 0.300 rev/s. (d) At what rate must the shaft rotate in order that it may be supported at one end only?

When an acrobat walks on a tightrope, she extends her arms straight out from her sides. She does this to make it easier for her to catch herself if she should tip to one side or the other. Explain how this works. [Hint: Think about Eq. (10.7).]

In Fig. E10.7, forces \(\vec{A}\), \(\vec{B}\), \(\vec{C}\),and \(\vec{D}\) each have magnitude 50 N and act at the same point on the object. (a) What torque (magnitude and direction) does each of these forces exert on the object about point ? (b) What is the total torque about point ? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: vector A vector B vector C vector D vector A vector B vector C vector D 60deg 30deg 60deg

Problem 11DQ A valued client brings a treasured ball to your engineering firm, wanting to know whether the ball is solid or hollow. He has tried tapping on it, but that has given insufficient information. Design a simple, inexpensive experiment that you could perform quickly, without injuring the precious ball, to find out whether it is solid or hollow.

Problem 22DQ A point particle travels in a straight line at constant speed, and the closest distance it comes to the origin of coordinates is a distance l. With respect to this origin, does the particle have nonzero angular momentum? As the particle moves along its straight-line path, does its angular momentum with respect to the origin change?

A hollow, spherical shell with mass 2.00 kg rolls without slipping down a \(38.0^{\circ}\) slope. (a) Find the acceleration, the friction force, and the minimum coefficient of friction needed to prevent slipping. (b) How would your answers to part (a) change if the mass were doubled to 4.00 kg? Text Transcription: 38.0^circ

In Example 10.10 (Section 10.6) the angular speed \(\omega\) changes, and this must mean that there is nonzero angular acceleration. But there is no torque about the rotation axis if the forces the professor applies to the weights are directly, radially inward. Then, by Eq. (10.7), \(\alpha_{z}\) must be zero. Explain what is wrong with this reasoning that leads to this apparent contradiction.

Problem 24E A uniform marble rolls down a symmetrical bowl, starting from rest at the top of the left side. The top of each side is a distance h above the bottom of the bowl. The left half of the bowl is rough enough to cause the marble to roll without slipping, but the right half has no friction because it is coated with oil. (a) How far up the smooth side will the marble go, measured vertically from the bottom? (b) How high would the marble go if both sides were as rough as the left side? (c) How do you account for the fact that the marble goes higher with friction on the right side than without friction?

Problem 43E The Spinning Figure Skater. The outstretched hands and arms of a figure skater preparing for a spin can be considered a slender rod pivoting about an axis through its center (Fig. E10.43). When the skater’s hands and arms are brought in and wrapped around his body to execute the spin, the hands and arms can be considered a thin-walled, hollow cylinder. His hands and arms have a combined mass of 8.0 kg. When outstretched, they span 1.8 m; when wrapped, they form a cylinder of radius 25 cm. The moment of inertia about the rotation axis of the remainder of his body is constant and equal to If his original angular speed is 0.40 rev/s, what is his final angular speed?

Problem 44E A diver comes off a board with arms straight up and legs straight down, giving her a moment of inertia about her rotation axis of She then tucks into a small ball, decreasing this moment of inertia to While tucked, she makes two complete revolutions in 1.0 s. If she hadn’t tucked at all, how many revolutions would she have made in the 1.5 s from board to water?

Problem 45E A large wooden turntable in the shape of a flat uniform disk has a radius of 2.00 m and a total mass of 120 kg. The turn-table is initially rotating at 3.00 rad/s about a vertical axis through its center. Suddenly, a 70.0-kg parachutist makes a soft landing on the turntable at a point near the outer edge. (a) Find the angular speed of the turntable after the parachutist lands. (Assume that you can treat the parachutist as a particle.) (b) Compute the kinetic energy of the system before and after the parachutist lands. Why are these kinetic energies not equal?

A thin, uniform metal bar, 2.00 m long and weighing 90.0 N, is hanging vertically from the ceiling by a frictionless pivot. Suddenly it is struck 1.50 m below the ceiling by a small 3.00-kg ball, initially traveling horizontally at 10.0 m / s. The ball rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of 6.00 m / s. (a) Find the angular speed of the bar just after the collision. (b) During the collision, why is the angular momentum conserved but not the linear momentum?

Two weights are connected by a very light, flexible cord that passes over an 80.0-N frictionless pulley of radius 0.300 m. The pulley is a solid uniform disk and is supported by a hook connected to the ceiling (Fig. P10.73). What force does the ceiling exert on the hook?

Problem 74P A solid disk is rolling without slipping on a level surface at a constant speed of 3.60 m/s. (a) If the disk rolls up a 30.0° ramp, how far along the ramp will it move before it slops? (b) Explain why your answer in part (a) does not depend on either the mass or the radius of the disk.

Problem 75P The Yo-yo. A yo-yo is made from two uniform disks, each with mass m and radius R, connected by a light axle of radius b. A light, thin string is wound several times around the axle and then held stationary while the yo-yo is released from rest, dropping as the string unwinds. Find the linear acceleration and angular acceleration of the yo-yo and the tension in the string.

A thin-walled, hollow spherical shell of mass m and radius r starts from rest and rolls without slipping down the track shown in Fig. P10.76. Points A and B are on a circular part of the track having radius R. The diameter of the shell is very small compared to \(h_{0}\) and R, and the work done by rolling friction is negligible. (a) What is the minimum height \(h_{0}\) for which this shell will make a complete loop-the-loop on the circular part of the track? (b) How hard does the track push on the shell at point B, which is at the same level as the center of the circle? (c) Suppose that the track had no friction and the shell was released from the same height \(h_{0}\) you found in part (a). Would it make a complete loop-the-loop? How do you know? (d) In part (c), how hard does the track push on the shell at point A, the top of the circle? How hard did it push on the shell in part (a)? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: h_0 h_0 h_0 h_0

A uniform marble rolls without slipping down the path shown in Fig. P10.80, starting from rest. (a) Find the minimum height h required for the marble not to fall into the pit.(b) The moment of inertia of the marble depends on its radius. Explain why the answer to part (a) does not depend on the radius of the marble. (c) Solve part (a) for a block that slides without friction instead of the rolling marble. How does the minimum h in this case compare to the answer in part (a)? Equation Transcription: Text Transcription: h=?

A block with mass m is revolving with linear speed \(v_1\) in a circle of radius \(r_1\) on a frictionless horizontal surface (see Fig. E10.42). The string is slowly pulled from below until the radius of the circle in which the block is revolving is reduced to \(r_2\). (a) Calculate the tension T in the string as a function of r, the distance of the block from the hole. Your answer will be in terms of the initial velocity \(v_1\) and the radius \(r_1\). (b) Use \(W=\int_{r_{1}}^{r_{2}} \overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{T}}(r) \cdot d \overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{r}}\) to calculate the work done by \(\vec{T}\) when r changes from \(r_1\) to \(r_2\). (c) Compare the results of part (b) to the change in the kinetic energy of the block.

Problem 6E A metal bar is in the xy-plane with one end of the bar at the origin. A force is applied to the bar at the point x = 3.00 m, y = 4.00 m. (a) In terms of unit vectors what is the position vector for the point where the force is applied? (b) What are the magnitude and direction of the torque with respect to the origin produced by