The following nutrition information is listed on a box of crackers: 12.62 Serving size

Compare the units you would use and the units that a student in Mexico would use to measure each of the following: a. your body mass b. your height c. amount of gasoline to fill a gas tank d. temperature at noon

Why are each of the following statements confusing, and how would you make them clear using metric (SI) units? a. My new shirt has a sleeve length of 80. b. My dog weighs 15. c. It is hot today. It is 30. d. I lost 1.5 last week.

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities: a. 4.8 m b. 325 g c. 1.5 mL d. 4.8 * 102 s e. 28 C

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities: a. 0.8 L b. 3.6 cm c. 4 kg d. 35 lb e. 373 K

Give the abbreviation for each of the following: a. gram b. liter c. degree Celsius d. pound e. second

Give the abbreviation for each of the following: a. kilogram b. kelvin c. quart d. meter e. milliliter

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact: a. A patient weighs 155 lb. b. A patient is given 2 tablets of medication. c. In the metric system, 1 L is equal to 1000 mL. d. The distance from Denver, Colorado, to Houston, Texas, is 1720 km.

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact: a. There are 31 students in the laboratory. b. The oldest known flower lived 1.20 * 108 yr ago. c. The largest gem ever found, an aquamarine, has a mass of 104 kg. d. A laboratory test shows a blood cholesterol level of 184 mg>dL.

Identify the measured number1s2, if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers: a. 3 hamburgers and 6 oz of hamburger b. 1 table and 4 chairs c. 0.75 lb of grapes and 350 g of butter d. 60 s = 1 min

Identify the exact number1s2, if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers: a. 5 pizzas and 50.0 g of cheese b. 6 nickels and 16 g of nickel c. 3 onions and 3 lb of onions d. 5 miles and 5 cars

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: a. 0.0038 m b. 5.04 cm c. 800. L d. 3.0 * 10-3 kg e. 85 000 g

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: a. 20.05 C b. 5.00 m c. 0.000 02 g d. 120 000 yr e. 8.05 * 102 L

How many significant figures are in each of the following? a. 11.005 g b. 0.000 32 m c. 36 000 000 km d. 1.80 * 104 kg e. 0.8250 L f. 30.0 C

How many significant figures are in each of the following? a. 20.60 mL b. 1036.48 kg c. 4.00 m d. 20.8 C e. 60 800 000 g f. 5.0 * 10-3 L

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? a. 11.0 m and 11.00 m b. 0.0250 m and 0.205 m c. 0.000 12 s and 12 000 s d. 250.0 L and 2.5 * 10-2 L

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? a. 0.005 75 g and 5.75 * 10-3 g b. 405 K and 405.0 K c. 150 000 s and 1.50 * 104 s d. 3.8 * 10-2 L and 3.0 * 105 L

Write each of the following in scientific notation with two significant figures: a. 5000 L b. 30 000 g c. 100 000 m d. 0.000 25 cm

Write each of the following in scientific notation with two significant figures: a. 5 100 000 g b. 26 000 s c. 400 000 m d. 0.000 82 kg

Why do we usually need to round off calculations that use measured numbers?

Why do we sometimes add a zero to a number in a calculator display?

Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures: a. 1.854 kg b. 88.2038 L c. 0.004 738 265 cm d. 8807 m e. 1.832 * 105 s

Round off each of the measurements in problem 2.21 to two significant figures.

Round off to three significant figures and express in scientific notation. a. 5080 L b. 37 400 g c. 104 720 m d. 0.000 250 82 s

Round off to three significant figures and express in scientific notation. a. 5 100 000 L b. 26 711 s c. 0.003 378 m d. 56.982 g

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures: a. 45.7 * 0.034 b. 0.002 78 * 5 c. 34.56 1.25 d. 10.246521252 1.78

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures: a. 400 * 185 b. 2.40 14211252 c. 0.825 * 3.6 * 5.1 d. 3.5 * 0.261 8.24 * 20.0

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of decimal places: a. 45.48 cm + 8.057 cm b. 23.45 g + 104.1 g + 0.025 g c. 145.675 mL - 24.2 mL d. 1.08 L - 0.585 L

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of decimal places: a. 5.08 g + 25.1 g b. 85.66 cm + 104.10 cm + 0.025 cm c. 24.568 mL - 14.25 mL d. 0.2654 L - 0.2585 L

The speedometer is marked in both km>h and mi>h, or mph. What is the meaning of each abbreviation?

In a French car, the odometer reads 2250. What units would this be? What units would it be if this were an odometer in a car made for the United States?

Write the abbreviation for each of the following units: a. milligram b. deciliter c. kilometer d. centigram

Write the abbreviation for each of the following units: a. gigagram b. megameter c. microliter d. nanosecond

Write the complete name for each of the following units: a. cL b. kg c. ms d. Gm

Write the complete name for each of the following units: a. dL b. Ts c. mcg d. pm

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes: a. centi b. tera c. milli d. deci

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes: a. giga b. micro c. mega d. nano

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following: a. 0.1 g b. 10 - 6 g c. 1000 g d. 0.01 g

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following: a. 109 m b. 106 m c. 0.001 m d. 10-12 m

Complete each of the following metric relationships: a. 1 m = ________ cm b. 1 m = ________ nm c. 1 mm = ________ m d. 1 L = ________ mL

Complete each of the following metric relationships: a. 1 Mg = ________ g b. 1 mL = ________ mL c. 1 g = ________ kg d. 1 g = ________ mg

For each of the following pairs, which is the larger unit? a. milligram or kilogram b. milliliter or microliter c. m or km d. kL or dL e. nanometer or picometer

For each of the following pairs, which is the smaller unit? a. mg or g b. centimeter or nanometer c. millimeters or micrometers d. mL or dL e. centigrams or megagrams

Why can two conversion factors be written for the equality 1 m = 100 cm?

How can you check that you have written the correct conversion factors for an equality?

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following pairs of units: a. centimeters and inches b. milligrams and grams c. quarts and milliliters d. deciliters and milliliters e. days and weeks

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following pairs of units: a. centimeters and meters b. pounds and kilograms c. pounds and grams d. milliliters and liters e. dimes and dollars

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following statements: a. A calcium supplement contains 630 mg of calcium per tablet. b. The Daily Value for potassium is 3500 mg. c. An automobile traveled 46.0 km per 1 gal of gasoline. d. The label on a bottle reads 50 mg of Atenolol per tablet. e. A low-dose aspirin contains 81 mg of aspirin per tablet.

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following statements: a. The label on a bottle reads 10 mg of furosemide per 1 mL. b. The Daily Value for iodine is 150 mcg. c. An IV of normal saline solution has a flow rate of 85 mL per hour. d. Gold jewelry contains 58% by mass gold. e. One capsule of fish oil contains 360 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.

When you convert one unit to another, how do you know which unit of the conversion factor to place in the denominator?

When you convert one unit to another, how do you know which unit of the conversion factor to place in the numerator?

Use metric conversion factors to solve each of the following problems: a. The height of a student is 175 cm. How tall is the student in meters? b. A cooler has a volume of 5500 mL. What is the capacity of the cooler in liters? c. A Bee Hummingbird has a mass of 0.0018 kg. What is the mass of the hummingbird in grams?

Use metric conversion factors to solve each of the following problems: a. The Daily Value for phosphorus is 800 mg. How many grams of phosphorus are recommended? b. A glass of orange juice contains 0.85 dL of juice. How many milliliters of orange juice is that? c. A package of chocolate instant pudding contains 2840 mg of sodium. How many grams of sodium is that?

Solve each of the following problems using one or more conversion factors: a. A container holds 0.500 qt of liquid. How many milliliters of lemonade will it hold? b. What is the mass, in kilograms, of a person who weighs 145 lb? c. An athlete has 15% by mass body fat. What is the weight of fat, in pounds, of a 74-kg athlete? d. A plant fertilizer contains 15% by mass nitrogen 1N2. In a container of soluble plant food, there are 10.0 oz of fertilizer. How many grams of nitrogen are in the container? e. In a candy factory, the nutty chocolate bars contain 22.0% by mass pecans. If 5.0 kg of pecans were used for candy last Tuesday, how many pounds of nutty chocolate bars were made?

Solve each of the following problems using one or more conversion factors: a. You need 4.0 ounces of a steroid ointment. If there are 16 oz in 1 lb, how many grams of ointment does the pharmacist need to prepare? b. During surgery, a patient receives 5.0 pints of plasma. How many milliliters of plasma were given? 11 quart = 2 pints2 c. Wine is 12% 1by volume2 alcohol. How many milliliters of alcohol are in a 0.750-L bottle of wine? d. Blueberry high-fiber muffins contain 51% dietary fiber. If a package with a net weight of 12 oz contains six muffins, how many grams of fiber are in each muffin? e. A jar of crunchy peanut butter contains 1.43 kg of peanut butter. If you use 8.0% of the peanut butter for a sandwich, how many ounces of peanut butter did you take out of the container?

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: a. You have used 250 L of distilled water for a dialysis patient. How many gallons of water is that? b. A patient needs 0.024 g of a sulfa drug. There are 8-mg tablets in stock. How many tablets should be given? c. The daily dose of ampicillin for the treatment of an ear infection is 115 mg>kg of body weight. What is the daily dose for a 34-lb child?

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: a. The physician has ordered 1.0 g of tetracycline to be given every six hours to a patient. If your stock on hand is 500-mg tablets, how many will you need for one days treatment? b. An intramuscular medication is given at 5.00 mg>kg of body weight. What is the dose for a 180-lb patient? c. A physician has ordered 0.50 mg of atropine, intramuscularly. If atropine were available as 0.10 mg>mL of solution, how many milliliters would you need to give?

In an old trunk, you find a piece of metal that you think may be aluminum, silver, or lead. In lab, you find it has a mass of 217 g and a volume of 19.2 cm3 . Using Table 2.9, what is the metal you found?

Suppose you have two 100-mL graduated cylinders. In each cylinder there is 40.0 mL of water. You also have two cubes: One is lead, and the other is aluminum. Each cube measures 2.0 cm on each side. After you carefully lower each cube into the water of its own cylinder, what will the new water level be in each of the cylinders?

What is the density (g/mL) of each of the following samples? a. A 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution that has a mass of 24.0 g. b. A solid object with a mass of 1.65 lb and a volume of 170 mL. c. A gem has a mass of 4.50 g. When the gem is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 20.00 mL of water, the water level rises to 21.45 mL. d. A lightweight head on the driver of a golf club is made of titanium. If the volume of a sample of titanium is \(114 cm^3\) and the mass is 514.1 g, what is the density of titanium?

What is the density 1g>mL2 of each of the following samples? a. A medication, if 3.00 mL has a mass of 3.85 g. b. The fluid in a car battery, if it has a volume of 125 mL and a mass of 155 g. c. A 5.00-mL urine sample from a patient suffering from symptoms resembling those of diabetes mellitus. The mass of the urine sample is 5.025 g. d. A syrup is added to an empty container with a mass of 115.25 g. When 0.100 pint of syrup is added, the total mass of the container and syrup is 182.48 g. 11 qt = 2 pt2

Use the density value to solve the following problems: a. What is the mass, in grams, of 150 mL of a liquid with a density of 1.4 g>mL? b. What is the mass of a glucose solution that fills a 0.500-L intravenous bottle if the density of the glucose solution is 1.15 g>mL? c. A sculptor has prepared a mold for casting a bronze figure. The figure has a volume of 225 mL. If bronze has a density of 7.8 g>mL, how many ounces of bronze are needed in the preparation of the bronze figure?

Use the density value to solve the following problems: a. A graduated cylinder contains 18.0 mL of water. What is the new water level after 35.6 g of silver metal with a density of 10.5 g>mL is submerged in the water? b. A thermometer containing 8.3 g of mercury has broken. If mercury has a density of 13.6 g>mL, what volume spilled? c. A fish tank holds 35 gal of water. Using the density of 1.00 g>mL for water, determine the number of pounds of water in the fish tank.

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? 12.22 a. 2.0500 m and 0.0205 m b. 600.0 K and 60 K c. 0.000 75 s and 75 000 s d. 6.240 L and 6.240 * 10-2 L

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? 12.22 a. 3.44 * 10-3 g and 0.0344 g b. 0.0098 s and 9.8 * 104 s c. 6.8 * 103 m and 68 000 m d. 258.000 g and 2.58 * 10-2 g

Indicate if each of the following is answered with an exact number or a measured number: 12.22 a. number of legs b. height of table c. number of chairs at the table d. area of tabletop

Measure the length of each of the objects in diagrams 1 a 2 , 1 b 2 , and 1 c 2 using the metric ruler in the figure. Indicate the number of significant figures for each and the estimated digit for each. 12.22

The length of this rug is 38.4 in. and the width is 24.2 in. 12.32 a. What is the length of this rug measured in centimeters? b. What is the width of this rug measured in centimeters? c. How many significant figures are in the length measurement? d. Calculate the area of the rug, in cm2 , to the correct number of significant figures.

Each of the following diagrams represents a container of water and a cube. Some cubes float while others sink. Match diagrams 1, 2, 3, or 4 with one of the following descriptions and explain your choices: 12.72

What is the density of the solid object that is weighed and submerged in water? (2.7)

Consider the following solids. The solids A, B, and C represent aluminum, gold, and silver. If each has a mass of 10.0 g, what is the identity of each solid? 12.72 Density of aluminum = 2.70 g>mL Density of gold = 19.3 g>mL Density of silver = 10.5 g>mL

Round off or add zeros to the following calculated answers to give a final answer with three significant figures: 12.22 a. 0.000 012 58 L b. 3.528 * 102 kg c. 125 111 m

Round off or add zeros to the following calculated answers to give a final answer with three significant figures: (2.2) a. 58.703 g b. 3 X \(10^-3\) s c. 0.010 826 g

A dessert contains 137.25 g of vanilla ice cream, 84 g of fudge sauce, and 43.7 g of nuts. 12.3, 2.62 a. What is the total mass, in grams, of the dessert? b. What is the total weight, in pounds, of the dessert?

A fish company delivers 22 kg of salmon, 5.5 kg of crab, and 3.48 kg of oysters to your seafood restaurant. 12.3, 2.62 a. What is the total mass, in kilograms, of the seafood? b. What is the total number of pounds?

In France, grapes are 1.75 Euros per kilogram. What is the cost of grapes, in dollars per pound, if the exchange rate is 1.36 dollars>Euro? 12.62

In Mexico, avocados are 48 pesos per kilogram. What is the cost, in cents, of an avocado that weighs 0.45 lb if the exchange rate is 13 pesos to the dollar? 12.62

Bills recipe for onion soup calls for 4.0 lb of thinly sliced onions. If an onion has an average mass of 115 g, how many onions does Bill need? (2.6)

The price of 1 lb of potatoes is $1.75. If all the potatoes sold today at the store bring in $1420, how many kilograms of potatoes did grocery shoppers buy? 12.62

The following nutrition information is listed on a box of crackers: 12.62 Serving size 0.50 oz 16 crackers2 Fat 4 g per serving Sodium 140 mg per serving a. If the box has a net weight 1contents only2 of 8.0 oz, about how many crackers are in the box? b. If you ate 10 crackers, how many ounces of fat are you consuming? c. How many grams of sodium are used to prepare 50 boxes of crackers in part a?

A dialysis unit requires 75 000 mL of distilled water. How many gallons of water are needed? 11 gal = 4 qt2 12.62

To prevent bacterial infection, a doctor orders 4 tablets of amoxicillin per day for 10 days. If each tablet contains 250 mg of amoxicillin, how many ounces of the medication are given in 10 days? 12.62

Celestes diet restricts her intake of protein to 24 g per day. If she eats 1.2 oz of protein, has she exceeded her protein limit for the day? 12.62

What is a cholesterol level of 1.85 g>L in the standard units of mg>dL? 12.62

An object has a mass of 3.15 oz and a volume of 0.1173 L. What is the density 1g>mL2 of the object? 12.72

The density of lead is 11.3 g>mL. The water level in a graduated cylinder initially at 215 mL rises to 285 mL after a piece of lead is submerged. What is the mass, in grams, of the lead? 12.72

A graduated cylinder contains 155 mL of water. A 15.0-g piece of iron 1density = 7.86 g>mL2 and a 20.0-g piece of lead 1density = 11.3 g>mL2 are added. What is the new water level, in milliliters, in the cylinder? 12.72

How many cubic centimeters 1cm3 2 of olive oil have the same mass as 1.50 L of gasoline 1see Table 2.92? 12.72

Ethanol has a density of 0.79 g/mL. What is the volume, in quarts, of 1.50 kg of alcohol? (2.7)

A balance measures mass to 0.001 g. If you determine the mass of an object that weighs about 30 g, would you record the mass as 30 g, 31 g, 31.2 g, 31.16 g, or 31.075 g? Explain your choice by writing two to three complete sentences that describe your thinking. 12.32

When three students use the same meterstick to measure the length of a paper clip, they obtain results of 5.8 cm, 5.75 cm, and 5.76 cm. If the meterstick has millimeter markings, what are some reasons for the different values? 12.32

A car travels at 55 miles per hour and gets 11 kilometers per liter of gasoline. How many gallons of gasoline are needed for a 3.0-h trip? (2.6)

A 50.0-g silver object and a 50.0-g gold object are both added to 75.5 mL of water contained in a graduated cylinder. What is the new water level in the cylinder? 12.72

In the manufacturing of computer chips, cylinders of silicon are cut into thin wafers that are 3.00 in. in diameter and have a mass of 1.50 g of silicon. How thick, in millimeters, is each wafer if silicon has a density of 2.33 g>cm3 ? 1The volume of a cylinder is V = pr2 h.2 12.62

A sunscreen preparation contains 2.50% by mass benzyl salicylate. If a tube contains 4.0 ounces of sunscreen, how many kilograms of benzyl salicylate are needed to manufacture 325 tubes of sunscreen? 12.62

For a 180-lb person, calculate the quantity of each of the following that must be ingested to provide the LD50 for caffeine given in Table 2.8: 12.62 a. cups of coffee if one cup is 12 fluid ounces and there is 100. mg of caffeine per 6 fl oz of drip-brewed coffee b. can of cola if one can contains 50. mg of caffeine c. tablets of No-Doz if one tablet contains 100. mg of caffeine

A dietary supplement contains the following components. If a person uses the dietary supplement once a day, how many milligrams of each component would that person consume in one week? 12.62 a. calcium 0.20 g b. iron 0.50 mg c. iodine 53 mcg d. chromium 45 mcg e. threonine 0.285 g

a. Some athletes have as little as 3.0% body fat. If such a person has a body mass of 65 kg, how many pounds of body fat does that person have? (2.6) b. In liposuction, a doctor removes fat deposits from a person’s body. If body fat has a density of 0.94 g/mL and 3.0 L of fat is removed, how many pounds of fat were removed from the patient?

An 18-karat gold necklace is 75% gold by mass, 16% silver, and 9.0% copper. 12.6, 2.72 a. What is the mass, in grams, of the necklace if it contains 0.24 oz of silver? b. How many grams of copper are in the necklace? c. If 18-karat gold has a density of 15.5 g>cm3 , what is the volume in cubic centimeters?

A graduated cylinder contains three liquids A, B, and C, which have different densities and do not mix: mercury 1D = 13.6 g>mL2, vegetable oil 1D = 0.92 g>mL2, and water 1D = 1.00 g>mL2. Identify the liquids A, B, and C in the cylinder. 12.72

A mouthwash is 21.6% ethanol by mass. If each bottle contains 0.358 pt of mouthwash with a density of 0.876 g/mL, how many kilograms of ethanol are in 180 bottles of the mouthwash? (2.6, 2.7)