Solution: Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: a. CH3CH2OH b. OH CH3 CH2 CH CH3 c. OH d. OH Br

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. propyl alcohol b. 3-pentanol c. 2-methyl-2-butanol d. 4-bromophenol

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. ethyl alcohol b. 3-methyl-1-butanol c. 1-propanol d. 2-chlorophenol

Give a common name for each of the following: a. CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3 b. O

Give a common name for each of the following: a. CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 b. O

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for each of the following: a. ethyl methyl ether b. cyclopropyl ethyl ether

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for each of the following: a. diethyl ether b. cyclobutyl methyl ether

Classify each of the following alcohols as primary 112, secondary 122, or tertiary 132: a. OH b. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH c. CH3 C CH2 CH3 OH CH3 d.

Classify each of the following alcohols as primary 112, secondary 122, or tertiary 132: a. OH b. OH c. CH2 OH d. CH3 CH2 CH2 C OH CH3

Are each of the following soluble, slightly soluble, or insoluble in water? a. CH3CH2OH b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Are each of the following soluble, slightly soluble, or insoluble in water? a. CH3CH2CH2OH b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Give an explanation for the following observations: a. Methanol is soluble in water, but ethane is not. b. 2-Propanol is soluble in water, but 1-butanol is only slightly soluble

Give an explanation for the following observations: a. Ethanol is soluble in water, but propane is not. b. 1-Propanol is soluble in water, but 1-hexanol is not.

Give the common name for each of the following: a. CH3 C H O b. O c. H C H

Give the common name for each of the following: a. O CH3 C CH2 CH3 b. O c. CH3 CH2 C H

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: a. CH3 CH2 C H O b. O CH3 CH2 C CH CH3

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: a. O CH3 CH2 CH CH2 C H CH3 b. O CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH3 c. O d. O C H Cl

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. acetaldehyde b. 4-chloro-2-pentanone c. butyl methyl ketone d. 3-methylpentanal

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. propionaldehyde b. 2,3-dichlorobutanal c. 4-bromo-2-pentanone d. acetone

Which compound in each of the following pairs would be more soluble in water? Explain. a. CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3 or CH3 C C CH2 CH3 O O O CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3 or CH3 C C CH2 CH3 O O O b. acetone or 2-pentanone c. propanal or pentanal

Which compound in each of the following pairs would be more soluble in water? Explain. a. CH3CH2CH3 or CH3CH2CHO b. propanone or 3-hexanone c. butanal or hexanal

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the alkene produced by each of the following dehydration reactions: a. H+, heat CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH b. OH H+, heat c. CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 OH H+, heat

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the alkene produced by each of the following dehydration reactions:

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the aldehyde or ketone formed when each of the following alcohols is oxidized 3O4 1if no reaction, write none2: a. CH3CH2CH2OH b. OH CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 c. OH

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the aldehyde or ketone formed when each of the following alcohols is oxidized 3O4 1if no reaction, write none2: a. CH3 CH CH2 OH CH3 b. OH CH3 CH3 CH2 C CH3 c. OH

Draw the condensed structural formulas for the aldehyde and carboxylic acid produced when each of the following is oxidized: a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH b. CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 OH c. 1-butanol

Draw the condensed structural formula for the aldehyde and carboxylic acid produced when each of the following is oxidized: a. CH2 OH b. CH3OH c. 3-chloro-1-propanol

Draw the condensed structural formula for the organic product formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst: a. butyraldehyde b. acetone c. hexanal d. 2-methyl-3-pentanone

Draw the condensed structural formula for the organic product formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst: a. ethyl propyl ketone b. formaldehyde c. 3-chlorocyclopentanone d. 2-pentanone

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds: a. methanol b. 2-butanol

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds: a. 1-propanol b. 3-hexanol

Sunscreens contain compounds such as oxybenzone that absorb UV light. Identify the functional groups in oxybenzone. 112.1, 12.32

The compound frambinone has the taste of raspberries and has been used in weight loss. Identify the functional groups in frambinone. 112.1, 12.32 O HO CH2 CH2 C CH3

A compound called butylated hydroxytoluene, or BHT, has been added to cereal and other foods since 1947 as an antioxidant. Identify the functional groups in BHT. 112.1, 12.32 OH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C C

Used in sunless tanning lotions, the compound known as DHA darkens the skin without sun. DHA reacts with amino acids in the outer surface of the skin. Identify the functional groups in DHA. 112.1, 12.32

Which of the following will give a positive Tollens test? 112.42 a. propanal b. ethanol c. ethyl methyl ether

Which of the following will give a positive Tollens’ test? (12.4) a. 1-propanol b. 2-propanol c. hexanal

Classify each of the following according to its functional group1s2: 112.1, 12.32 a. O C H

Classify each of the following according to its functional groups1s2: 112.1, 12.32 a. BHA, an antioxidant used as a preservative in foods such as baked goods, butter, meats, and snack foods OH O CH3 C CH3 CH3 CH3

Classify each of the following alcohols as primary 112, secondary 122, or tertiary 132: 112.22 a. OH b. CH3 CH CH2 OH CH3 c. CH3 OH CH3 CH3 C CH2 CH CH3 d. OH CH3 C CH3

Classify each of the following alcohols as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°): (12.2)

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols: 112.12 a. OH b. Br OH CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3 c. OH CH3

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols: (12.1)

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: 112.12 a. 4-chlorophenol b. 2-methyl-3-pentanol c. 2-methyl-1-propanol d. 3-methyl-2-butanol

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: (12.1) a. 2-methyl-1-hexanol b. 2-pentanol c. methyl propyl ether d. 2,4-dibromophenol

Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain. (12.2) a. butane or 1-propanol b. 1-propanol or ethyl methyl ether c. ethanol or 1-hexanol

Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain. (12.2) a. ethane or ethanol b. 2-propanol or 2-pentanol c. methyl propyl ether or 1-butanol

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the alkene, aldehyde, or ketone product of each of the following reactions: 112.42 a. CH3 CH2 CH2 OH H+, heat b. CH3 CH2 CH2 OH 3O4 c. CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 OH H+, heat d. OH 3O4

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the alkene, aldehyde, or ketone product of each of the following reactions: 112.42 a. CH3 CH CH2 OH CH3 H+, heat b. CH3 OH CH3 CH CH CH3 3O4 c. OH 3O4 d. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH3 OH 3O4

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the organic product when hydrogen and a nickel catalyst reduce each of the following: 112.42 a. O CH3 CH2 C CH3 b. CH2 O C H c.

Draw the condensed structural formula, or skeletal formula if cyclic, for the organic product when hydrogen and a nickel catalyst reduce each of the following: 112.42 a. O CH3 C H b. O c. C O H H

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: 112.32 a. O C Cl H Br b. Cl CH2 O CH2 C H c. O Cl

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: 112.32 a. O b. Cl Cl C O H c. CH3 OH CH3 CH CH CH2 O C H

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: (12.3) a. 4-chlorobenzaldehyde b. 3-chloropropionaldehyde c. ethyl methyl ketone d. 3-methylhexanal

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: 112.32 a. formaldehyde b. 2-chlorobutanal c. 3-methyl-2-hexanone d. 3,5-dimethylhexanal

Which of the following aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water? 112.32 a. O CH3 CH2 C H b. O CH3 C CH3 c. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

Which of the following aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water? 112.32 a. O CH3 CH2 C CH3 b. O CH3 C H c. O CH2 CH2 CH2 C H

Draw the condensed structural formula for the ketone or carboxylic acid product when each of the following is oxidized: 112.42 a. CH3CH2CH2OH b. OH CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 c. O CH3 CH2 CH2 C H d.

Draw the condensed structural formula for the ketone or carboxylic acid product when each of the following is oxidized: 112.42 a. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH b. CH3 CH2 CH CH3 OH c. O CH3 CH CH2 C H CH3 d. CH CH3

Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for all the alcohols that have the formula C5H12O. 112.12

Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for all the aldehydes and ketones that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\). (12.3)

A compound with the formula C4H8O is synthesized from 2-methyl-1-propanol and oxidizes easily to give a carboxylic acid. Draw the condensed structural formula and give the IUPAC name for the compound. 112.3, 12.42

A compound with the formula C5H10O oxidizes to give 3-pentanone. Draw the condensed structural formula and give the IUPAC name for the compound. 112.3, 12.42

Compound A is 1-propanol. When compound A is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound B 1C3H62. When compound A is oxidized, compound C 1C3H6O2 forms. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds A, B, and C. 112.3, 12.42

Compound X is 2-propanol. When compound X is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound Y 1C3H62. When compound X is oxidized, compound Z 1C3H6O2 forms, which cannot be oxidized further. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds X, Y, and Z. 112.3, 12.42

A metal (M) completely reacts with 34.8 mL of a 0.520 M HCl solution to form \(\operatorname{MCl}_{3}(a q)\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\). (4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.6, 10.6) a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the metal M and HCl(aq). b. What volume, in milliliters, of \(H_2\) is produced at STP? c. How many moles of metal M reacted? d. If the metal has a mass of 0.420 g, use your results from part c to determine the molar mass of the metal M. e. What are the name and symbol of metal M in part d? f. Write the balanced chemical equation using the symbol of the metal from part e.

In a teaspoon 15.0 mL2 of a common liquid antacid, there are 400. mg of Mg1OH22 and 400. mg of Al1OH23. A 0.080 M HCl solution, which is similar to stomach acid, is used to neutralize 5.0 mL of the liquid antacid. 19.5, 10.5, 10.62 An antacid neutralizes stomach acid. a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of HCl and Mg1OH22. b. Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of HCl and Al1OH23. c. What is the pH of the HCl solution? d. How many milliliters of the HCl solution are needed to neutralize the Mg1OH22? e. How many milliliters of the HCl solution are needed to neutralize the Al1OH23?

Acetone 1propanone2, a clear liquid solvent with an acrid odor, is used to remove nail polish, paints, and resins. It has a low boiling point and is highly flammable. Acetone has a density of 0.786 g>mL. 16.6, 7.2, 7.4, 7.7, 12.32

One of the components of gasoline is octane, \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\), which has a density of 0.803 g/mL. The combustion of 1 mole of octane provides 5510 kJ. A hybrid car has a fuel tank with a capacity of 11.9 gal and a gas mileage of 45 mi/gal. (7.1, 7.3, 7.8, 11.2) a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of octane. b. Is the combustion of octane endothermic or exothermic? c. How many moles of octane are in one tank of fuel, assuming it is all octane? d. If the total mileage of this hybrid car for one year is 24 500 mi, how many kilograms of carbon dioxide would be produced from the combustion of the fuel, assuming it is all octane?

Butyraldehyde is a clear liquid solvent with an unpleasant odor. Butyraldehyde has a density of 0.802 g>mL. 17.3, 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 8.6, 12.3, 12.42

Ionone is a compound that gives violets their aroma. The small, edible, purple flowers of violets are used on salads and to make teas. Liquid ionone has a density of 0.935 g>mL. 17.1, 7.2, 8.6, 11.5, 11.6, 12.32