For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15;

The ratio of the probability that an event will fail to occur to the probability that the event will occur is called the odds an event.

The ratio of the probability that the event will occur to the probability that the event will fail to occur is called the odds an event.

If the odds in favor of Just in Time winning a horse race are 1 : 3, then the odds against Just in Time winning the race are .

If the odds against winning at Monopoly are 4 : 1, then the odds in favor of winning at Monopoly are .

If the probability that an event will occur is 2 3 then the probability that the event will not occur is 1 3, and the odds in favor of the event occurring are .

If the probability that an event will fail to occur is 1 4 then the probability that the event will occur is 3 4 and the odds against the event occurring are .

If the odds against an event are 1 : 3, the probability that the event will fail to occur is .

If the odds against an event are a to b, then the probability that the event occurs is .

Dressing Up Lila Jaquez is going to wear a blue dress and is trying to decide which pair of shoes she should wear with it. In her closet, she has 12 pairs of shoes, 5 of which go well with the dress. If Lila selects one pair of shoes at random, determine a) the probability that the shoes go well with the dress. b) the probability that the shoes do not go well with the dress. c) the odds against the shoes going well with the dress. d) the odds in favor of the shoes going well with the dress

Making a Donation In her wallet, Anne Kelly has 12 bills. Six are $1 bills, two are $5 bills, three are $10 bills, and one is a $20 bill. She passes a volunteer seeking donations for the Salvation Army and decides to select one bill at random from her wallet and give it to the Salvation Army. Determine a) the probability that she selects a $5 bill. b) the probability that she does not select a $5 bill. c) the odds in favor of her selecting a $5 bill. d) the odds against her selecting a $5 bill.

Deal or No Deal In Exercises 11 and 12, consider the TV show Deal or No Deal. (See the Mathematics Today on page 693.) In the game show, there are 26 numbered cases, each indicating a cash prize ranging from 1 cent to $1,000,000. Contestants on the show have a series of choices to make, and each time they can either accept the cash offer made by the banker or select a case from the remaining cases. Assume that one of the remaining cases contains a $1,000,000 cash prize. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting the case containing the $1,000,000 cash prize if there are seven cases remaining.

Deal or No Deal In Exercises 11 and 12, consider the TV show Deal or No Deal. (See the Mathematics Today on page 693.) In the game show, there are 26 numbered cases, each indicating a cash prize ranging from 1 cent to $1,000,000. Contestants on the show have a series of choices to make, and each time they can either accept the cash offer made by the banker or select a case from the remaining cases. Assume that one of the remaining cases contains a $1,000,000 cash prize. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting the case containing the $1,000,000 cash prize if there are four cases remaining.

Toss a Die In Exercises 1316, a die is tossed. Determine the odds against rolling a 2.

Toss a Die In Exercises 1316, a die is tossed. Determine the odds against rolling an odd number.

Toss a Die In Exercises 1316, a die is tossed. Determine the odds against rolling a number less than 3.

Toss a Die In Exercises 1316, a die is tossed. Determine the odds against rolling a number greater than 4.

Deck of Cards In Exercises 17-20, a card is picked from a standard deck of cards. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting a king.

Deck of Cards In Exercises 1720, a card is picked from a standard deck of cards. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting a heart.

Deck of Cards In Exercises 1720, a card is picked from a standard deck of cards. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting a picture card.

Deck of Cards In Exercises 1720, a card is picked from a standard deck of cards. Determine the odds against and the odds in favor of selecting a card greater than 5 (ace is low).

Spin the Spinner In Exercises 2124, assume that the spinner cannot land on a line. Determine the odds against the spinner landing on the color red.

Spin the Spinner In Exercises 2124, assume that the spinner cannot land on a line. Determine the odds against the spinner landing on the color red.

Spin the Spinner In Exercises 2124, assume that the spinner cannot land on a line. Determine the odds against the spinner landing on the color red.

Spin the Spinner In Exercises 2124, assume that the spinner cannot land on a line. Determine the odds against the spinner landing on the color red.

Students One person is selected at random from a class of 16 men and 14 women. Determine the odds against selecting a) a woman. b) a man.

Lottery One million tickets are sold for a lottery in which a single prize will be awarded. a) If you purchase a ticket, determine your odds against winning. b) If you purchase 10 tickets, determine your odds against winning.

Billiard Balls In Exercises 2732, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 3 .If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds against it containing a stripe. (Balls numbered 9 through 15 contain stripes.)

Billiard Balls In Exercises 2732, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 3 .If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of it being a ball other than the 8 ball

Billiard Balls In Exercises 27–32, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of it being an even-numbered ball.

Billiard Balls In Exercises 2732, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 3 .If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds against it containing any red coloring (solid or striped).

Billiard Balls In Exercises 2732, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 3 .If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds against it containing a number greater than or equal to 9.

Billiard Balls In Exercises 2732, use the rack of 15 billiard balls shown. 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 3 .If one ball is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of it containing two digits.

LPGA Winnings The chart below shows the winnings, in dollars, for the 10 golfers with the highest total LPGA winnings for the 2010 season. Golfer 2010 Winnings Na Yeon Choi $1,871,166 Jiyai Shin $1,783,127 Cristie Kerr $1,601,552 Yani Tseng $1,573,529 Suzann Pettersen $1,557,175 Ai Miyazato $1,457,384 In-Kyung Kim $1,210,068 Song-Hee Kim $1,208,698 Michelle Wie $888,017 Paula Creamer $883,870 Source: LPGA.com If one of the golfers listed in the chart is selected at random, determine a) the probability the golfer earned more than $1 million in 2010. b) the odds against the golfer earning more than $1 million in 2010.

Rolling a Special Die A special die used in a game contains one dot on one side, two dots on two sides, and three dots on three sides. If the die is rolled, determine a) the probability of rolling two dots. b) the odds against rolling two dots.

Medical Tests The results of a medical test show that of 85 people selected at random who were given the test, 80 tested negative and 5 tested positive. Determine the odds against a person selected at random testing negative on the test.

A Red Marble A box contains 9 red and 2 blue marbles. If you select one marble at random from the box, determine the odds against selecting a blue marble.

Scholarship Award The odds in favor of Wendy White winning a scholarship are 7 : 4. Determine the probability that a) Wendy wins. b) Wendy does not win.

Selling a Car The odds in favor of Sam Riveria selling his car are 3 : 8. Determine the probability that Sam will a) sell his car. b) not sell his car.

College Acceptance The odds against Jason Judd getting accepted into the college his choice are 4 : 11. Determine the probability that Jason gets accepted into the college of his choice.

Winning a Race The odds against Paul Phillips winning the 100 yard dash are 7 : 2. Determine the probability that a) Paul wins. b) Paul does not win.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the probability that it contains the letter G.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41– 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the probability that it does not contain the letter G.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of it containing the letter G.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the odds against it containing the letter G.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the odds against it being B9.

For example, there are balls marked B1, B2, up to B15; I16, I17, up to I30; and so on (see photo). In Exercises 41 46, assuming one bingo ball is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of it being B9.

Blood Types In Exercises 4752, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. O+ 37% O 6% A 6% A+ 34% B+ 10% B 2% AB 1% AB+ 4% Blood Types of Americans Source: Red Cross If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the probability that the person has A+ blood.

Blood Types In Exercises 4752, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. O+ 37% O 6% A 6% A+ 34% B+ 10% B 2% AB 1% AB+ 4% Blood Types of Americans Source: Red Cross If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the probability that the person has B- blood.

Blood Types In Exercises 47–52, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the odds against the person having A+ blood.

Blood Types In Exercises 4752, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. O+ 37% O 6% A 6% A+ 34% B+ 10% B 2% AB 1% AB+ 4% Blood Types of Americans Source: Red Cross If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the odds in favor of the person having B- blood.

Blood Types In Exercises 4752, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. O+ 37% O 6% A 6% A+ 34% B+ 10% B 2% AB 1% AB+ 4% Blood Types of Americans Source: Red Cross If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the odds in favor of the person having either O+ or Oblood

Blood Types In Exercises 4752, the following circle graph shows the percent of Americans with the various types of blood. O+ 37% O 6% A 6% A+ 34% B+ 10% B 2% AB 1% AB+ 4% Blood Types of Americans Source: Red Cross If one American is selected at random, use the graph to determine the odds against the person having either A+ or O+ blood.

Fixing a Car Suppose that the probability that a mechanic fixes a car correctly is 0.9. Determine the odds against the mechanic fixing a car correctly.

Diabetes According to the Centers for Disease Control, 8% of Americans have diabetes. If an American is selected at random, determine the odds in favor of this person having diabetes.

Bookcase Assembly Suppose that the probability that all the parts needed to assemble a bookcase are included in the carton is \(\frac{7}{8}\). Determine the odds in favor of the carton including all the needed parts

Flight Delays Of 899,000 flights in May 2010, five were delayed on the tarmac by more than three hours. If one of these 899,000 flights was selected at random, determine a) the probability that the flight was delayed more than three hours. b) the odds against the flight being delayed more than three hours.

Birth Defects Birth defects affect 1 in 33 babies born in the United States each year. a) What is the probability that a baby born in the United States will have a birth defect? b) What are the odds against a baby born in the United States having a birth defect?

Odds Against Determine the odds against an even number or a number greater than 3 being rolled on a die.

Horse Racing Racetracks quote the approximate odds against each horse winning on a large board called a tote board. The odds quoted on a tote board for a race with five horses is as follows. Determine the probability of each horse winning the race. (Do not be concerned that the sum of the probabilities is not 1.)

Roulette Turn to the roulette wheel illustrated on page 707. If the wheel is spun, determine a) the probability that the ball lands on red. b) the odds against the ball landing on red. c) the probability that the ball lands on 0 or 00. d) the odds in favor of the ball landing on 0 or 00.

Multiple Births Multiple births make up about 3% of births per year in the United States. The following illustrates the number and type of multiple births in 2008. Multiple Births in the United States in 2008 Twins: 138,660 Triplets: 5877 Quadruplets: 345 Quintuplets & higher order births: 46 Source: National Center for Health Services Using the above information, determine an estimate for the odds against a birth being a multiple birth in 2008.

State Lottery Determine whether your state has a lottery. If so, do research and write a paper indicating Horse Number Odds 2 7 : 2 3 2 : 1 4 15 : 1 5 7 : 5 6 1 : 1 12.3 Odds a) the probability of winning the grand prize. b) the odds against winning the grand prize. c) Explain, using real objects such as pennies or table tennis balls, what these odds actually mean.

Casino Advantages There are many types of games of chance to choose from at casinos. The house has the advantage in each game, but the advantages differ according to the game. a) List the games available at a typical casino. b) List those for which the house has the smallest advantage of winning. c) List those for which the house has the greatest advantage of winning.