Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The process by which a liquid rises in a tube because of a combination of adhesion to the walls of the tube and cohesion between liquid particles. (Section 11.3)

A polymer that is formed under conditions in which the monomers do not react directly with each other, but rather, each monomer is added to the growing chain, one at a time.

The species formed when an acid transfers a proton to a base

A complex polymer resulting from the polymerization of two or more chemically different monomers. (Section 12.8)

Similarities between pairs of elements in different groups and periods of the periodic table. (8.6)

A compound with the structure R!S!S!R.

In mass spectrometry, an ionization technique in which the compound is first dissolved in a solvent and then sprayed via a high-voltage needle into a vacuum chamber. The tiny droplets of solution become charged by the needle, and subsequent evaporation forms gas-phase molecular ions that typically carry one or more charges.

A reaction that involves the addition of X2 (either Br2 or Cl2) across an alkene.

A twostep process that achieves an anti-Markovnikov addition of a proton and a hydroxyl group (OH) across an alkene.

In radical reactions, a type of arrow-pushing pattern in which a hydrogen atom is abstracted by a radical, generating a new radical.

A biomolecule isolated from plant or animal sources by extraction with nonpolar organic solvents, such as diethyl ether and hexane.

The NO2+ ion, which is present in a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

A compound with a weak bond that undergoes homolytic bond cleavage with great ease, producing radicals that can initiate a radical chain process.

A radioisotope that can be used to trace the path of an element in a chemical system. (Section 21.5)

A carbohydrate that is oxidized upon treatment with Tollens’ reagent, Fehling’s reagent, or Benedict’s reagent.

The combination of a Michael addition followed by an aldol condensation to form a ring.

A reaction in which one stereoisomer is formed in preference to all others. A stereoselective reaction may be enantioselective or diastereoselective, as the case may be.

Constitutional isomers that rapidly interconvert via the migration of a proton.

The carbon atoms of a carbon-carbon double bond.

An internal salt of an amino acid; the carboxylate is negatively charged, and the ammonium group is positively charged