Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Specific site on a heterogeneous catalyst or an enzyme where catalysis occurs. (Section 14.7)

A term used initially to classify benzene and its derivatives. More accurately, it is used to classify any compound that meets the Hückel criteria for aromaticity (Section 21.2A).

Diagram of the region containing a substantial amount of the electron density (about 90 percent) in an orbital. (7.7)

An equation that uses chemical symbols to show what happens during a chemical reaction. (3.7)

A type of double-stranded DNA in which the 59 and 39 ends of each strand are joined by phosphodiester groups.

A compound containing a metal ion bonded to a group of surrounding molecules or ions that act as ligands. (Section 23.2)

An imaginary network of points on which the repeating motif of a solid may be imagined to be laid down so that the structure of the crystal is obtained. The motif may be a single atom or a group of atoms. Each lattice point represents an identical environment in the crystal. (Section 12.2)

Proteins that consist of chains that are coiled into compact shapes.

A law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. (Section 10.8)

A way to view furanose and pyranose forms of monosaccharides. The ring is drawn fl at and most commonly viewed through its edge with the anomeric carbon on the right and the oxygen atom of the ring to the rear

The difference in enthalpy between reactants and products. If the enthalpy of products is lower than that of the reactants, heat is released and the reaction is exothermic. If the enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants, energy is absorbed, and the reaction is endothermic

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams; it is numerically equal to the formula weight in atomic mass units. (Section 3.4)

A substitution reaction in which an aromatic ring is attacked by a nucleophile, which replaces a leaving group.

A ranking of functional groups in order of priority for the purposes of IUPAC nomenclature.

The ease with which the electron cloud of an atom or a molecule is distorted by an outside influence, thereby inducing a dipole moment. (Section 11.2)

A reaction that can produce two or more constitutional isomers but nevertheless produces one as the major product.

The conversion of an aryl diazonium salt into fluorobenzene upon treatment with fluoroboric acid (HBF4).

Common name for silicon dioxide. (Section 22.4)

A hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and three 2p atomic orbitals.

An excellent leaving group (OTs). transition state (Sect. 6.6): A state through which a reaction passes. On an energy diagram, a transition state corresponds with a local maximum.