Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Attraction between unlike molecules. (11.3)

A solid that lacks a regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules. (11.7)

A type of polypeptide secondary structure in which sections of polypeptide chains are aligned parallel or antiparallel to one another.

The number of bonding electron pairs shared between two atoms, minus the number of antibonding electron pairs: bond order = (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons)/2. (Section 9.7)

A property of a solvent (vapor-pressure lowering, freezing-point lowering, boiling-point elevation, osmotic pressure) that depends on the total concentration of solute particles present. (Section 13.5)

An assembly of a metal ion and the Lewis bases (ligands) bonded to it. (Section 17.5)

The branch of chemistry that deals with the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. (Chapter 20: Introduction)

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or molecule (Section 6.8)

A semiconducting material composed of just one element. (Section 12.7)

A protein molecule that acts to catalyze specific biochemical reactions. (Section 14.7)

Bond breaking that results in the formation of ions.

Bond breaking that results in the formation of unchanged species called radicals.

The short-range attractive forces operating between the particles that make up the units of a liquid or solid substance. These same forces also cause gases to liquefy or solidify at low temperatures and high pressures. (Chapter 11: Introduction)

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule to a distance where there is no electrostatic interaction between the resulting ion and electron.

The temperature at which crystalline regions of a polymer melt.

Radiation that does not have sufficient energy to remove an electron from a molecule. (Section 21.9)

A naturally occurring combustible liquid composed of hundreds of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. (Section 5.8)

A substance made up of many monosaccharide units joined together. (Section 24.8)

A term used to designate the configuration of a chirality center, determined in the following way: Each of the four groups is assigned a priority, and the molecule is then rotated (if necessary) so that the #4 group is directed behind the page (on a dash). A counterclockwise sequence for 1-2-3 is designated as S.

Hydrolysis of an ester in aqueous NaOH or KOH to an alcohol and the sodium or potassium salts of carboxylic acids