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Chap4- The Chemical Bases of Behavior: Neurotransmitter and Neuropharmacology  Neurochemistry: The branch of neuroscience concerned with the fundamental chemical composition and processes of the nervous system  Neuropharmacology a.k.a. Psychopharmacology: The scientific field concerned with the discovery and study of compounds that selectively affect the functioning of the nervous system  Amine Neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter based on modifications of a single amino acid nucleus  Example: Acetylcholine, Serotonin, or Dopamine  Peptide Neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter consisting of a short chain of amino acid  Amino Acid Neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter that is itself an amino acid  Example: GABA, Glycine, or Glutamate  Gas Neurotransmitter: A soluble gas, such as nitric oxide or carbon monoxide, that is produced or released by neuron to alter the functioning of another neuron  Receptor a.k.a. Receptor Molecule: A protein that captures and reacts to molecules of a neurotransmitter or hormone  Ionotropic Receptor: A receptor protein that includes an ion channel that is opened when the receptor is bound by an agonist  Metabotropic Receptor: A receptor protein that does not contain an ion channel but may, when activated, use a G protein system to open a nearby ion channel  Receptor Subtype: Any type of receptor having functional characteristic that distinguish it from other type of receptors for the same neurotransmitter