A physiological saline solution contains 154 mEq/L, each

Problem 1QP Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following: a. 10.0 g of NaCl and 100.0 g of H2O b. 50.0 mL of ethanol, CH3—CH2—OH(l), and 10.0 mL of H2O c. 0.20 L of O2 and 0.80 L of N2

Problem 1SC A Ringer’s solution for intravenous fluid replacement contains 155 mEq of Cl? per liter of solution. If a patient receives 1250 mL of Ringer’s solution, how many moles of chloride ion were given?

Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following: a. 10 mL of acetic acid and 200 mL of water b. 100.0 g of water and 5.0 g of sugar c. 1.0 mL of \(Br_2\) and 50.0 mL of methylene chloride

Problem 2SC At 40 °C, the solubility of KNO3 is 65 g/100 g of water. How many grams of KNO3 will dissolve in 120 g of water at 40 °C?

Problem 3QP Describe the formation of an aqueous KI solution when KI dissolves in water.

Problem 3SC Predict whether a solid might form in each of the following mixtures of solutions. If so, write the net ionic equation for the reaction. a. NH4Cl(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq) b. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + KCl(aq)

Describe the formation of an aqueous LiBr solution when LiBr dissolves in water.

Problem 4SC What is the mass percent (m/m) of NaCl in a solution made by dissolving 2.0 g of NaCl in 56.0 g of H2O?

Water is a polar solvent and carbon tetrachloride, \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\), is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following more likely to be soluble? a. \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\), ionic b. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\), nonpolar c. sucrose (table sugar), polar d. gasoline, nonpolar

Problem 5SC What is the volume percent (v/v) of bromine in a solution prepared by dissolving 12 mL of bromine in the solvent carbon tetrachloride to make 250 mL of solution?

Problem 6QP Water is a polar solvent; hexane is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following more likely to be soluble? a. vegetable oil, nonpolar b. benzene, nonpolar c. LiCl, ionic d. Na2SO4, ionic

Problem 6SC What is the mass/volume percent (m/v) of NaOH in a solution prepared by dissolving 12 g of NaOH in enough water to make 220 mL of solution?

KF is a strong electrolyte, and HF is a weak electrolyte. How is the solution of KF different from that of HF?

Problem 7SC What is the molarity of a solution that contains 75.0 g of KNO3 dissolved in 0.350 L of solution?

NaOH is a strong electrolyte, and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) is a nonelectrolyte. How is the solution of NaOH different from that of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\)?

Problem 8SC Calculate the grams of KCl in 225 g of an 8.00% (m/m) KCl solution

Problem 9QP Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of each of the following strong electrolytes in water: a. KCl b. CaCl2 c. K3PO4 d. Fe (NO3)3

Problem 9SC How many milliliters of a 6.00 M HCl solution will provide 10.4 g of HCl?

Problem 10QP Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of each of the following strong electrolytes in water: a. LiBr b. NaNO3 c. CuCl2 d. K2CO3

Problem 10SC What is the final volume, in milliliters, when 25.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) KCl solution is diluted to a 3.0% (m/v) KCl solution?

Problem 11QP Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following solutes contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions: a. acetic acid, CH3—COOH, a weak electrolyte b. NaBr, a strong electrolyte c. fructose, C6H12O6, a nonelectrolyte

What is the molarity of a solution prepared when 75.0 mL of a 10.0 M \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) solution is diluted to a volume of 600. mL?

Problem 12QP Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions: a. NH4Cl, a strong electrolyte b. ethanol (C2H5OH) , a nonelectrolyte c. hydrocyanic acid (HCN) , a weak electrolyte

Problem 12SC Using the reaction in Sample Problem 8.12, how many grams of zinc can react with 225 mL of a 0.200 M HCl solution? Sample Problem 8.12 Zinc reacts with HCl to produce ZnCl2 and hydrogen gas H2. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ? ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) How many liters of a 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc? Solution Step 1 State the given and needed quantities. Analyze the Proble Step 2 Write a plan to calculate the needed quantity or concentration. Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors including mole?mole and concentration factors. Step 4 Set up the problem to calculate the needed quantity or concentration. We can write the problem setup as seen in our plan:

Problem 13QP Classify each solute represented in the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte: a. b. c.

Problem 13SC For the reaction in Sample Problem 8.13, how many liters of a 0.330 M Na2SO4 solution are needed to react with 0.0268 L of a 0.216 M BaCl2 solution? Sample Problem 8.13 How many liters of a 0.250 M BaCl2 solution are needed to react with 0.0325 L of a 0.160 M Na2SO4 solution? Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) ? BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Problem 14QP Classify each solute represented in the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte: a. CH3—OH(l) CH3—OH(aq) b. MgCl2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl?(aq) c. HClO(aq) H+(aq) + ClO?(aq)

Problem 14SC What will happen to a red blood cell placed in a 10% (m/v) glucose solution?

Problem 15QP Indicate the number of equivalents in each of the following: a. 1 mole of K+ b. 2 moles of OH? c. 1 mole of Ca2+ d. 3 moles of CO32?

Indicate the number of equivalents in each of the following: a. 1 mole of \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) b. 0.5 mole of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) c. 4 moles of \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) d. 2 moles of \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\)

Problem 17QP A physiological saline solution contains 154 mEq/L, each of Na+ and Cl?. How many moles each of Na+ and Cl? are in 1.00 L of the saline solution?

Problem 18QP A solution to replace potassium loss contains 40. mEq/L, each of K+ and Cl?. How many moles each of K+ and Cl? are in 1.5 L of the solution?

Problem 19QP A solution contains 40. mEq/L of Cl? and 15 mEq/L of HPO42?. If Na+ is the only cation in the solution, what is the Na+ concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?

Problem 20QP A sample of Ringer’s solution contains the following concentrations (mEq/L) of cations: Na+ 147, K+ 4, and Ca2+ 4. If Cl? is the only anion in the solution, what is the Cl?concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?

Problem 21QP State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution: a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size. b. A sugar cube completely dissolves when added to a cup of coffee.

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution: a. A spoonful of salt added to boiling water dissolves. b. A layer of sugar forms on the bottom of a glass of tea as ice is added.

Problem 23QP Using the previous table, determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at 20 °C: Table Solubility (g/100 g H20) Substance 20 °C 50 °C KCl 34 43 NaNO3 88 110 C12H22O11(sugar) 204 260 a. adding 25 g of KCl to 100. g of H2O b. adding 11 g of NaNO3 to 25 g of H2O c. adding 400. g of sugar to 125 g of H2O

Problem 24QP Using the previous Table, determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at 50 °C: Table Solubility (g/100 g H20) Substance 20 °C 50 °C KCl 34 43 NaNO3 88 110 C12H22O11(sugar) 204 260 a. adding 25 g of KCl to 50. g of H2O b. adding 150. g of NaNO3 to 75 g of H2O c. adding 80. g of sugar to 25 g of H2O

Problem 25QP A solution containing 80. g of KCl in 200. g of H2O at 50 °C is cooled to 20 °C. Solubility (g/100 g H20) Substance 20 °C 50 °C KCl 34 43 NaNO3 88 110 C12H22O11(sugar) 204 260 a. How many grams of KCl remain in solution at 20 °C? b. How many grams of solid KCl crystallized after cooling?

A solution containing 80. g of \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) in 75 g of \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} at \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is cooled to \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). a. How many grams of \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) remain in solution at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)? b. How many grams of solid \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) crystallized after cooling?

Problem 27QP Explain the following observations: a. More sugar dissolves in hot tea than in iced tea. b. Champagne in a warm room goes flat. c. A warm can of soda has more spray when opened than a cold one.

Problem 28QP Explain the following observations: a. An open can of soda loses its “fizz” more quickly at room temperature than in the refrigerator. b. Chlorine gas in tap water escapes as the sample warms to room temperature. c. Less sugar dissolves in iced coffee than in hot coffee.

Problem 29QP Predict whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water: a. LiCl b. AgCl c. BaCO3 d. K2O e. Fe(NO3)3

Problem 30QP Predict whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water: a. PbS b. KI c. Na2S d. Ag2O e. CaSO4

Problem 31QP Determine whether a solid forms when solutions containing the following salts are mixed. If so, write the ionic equation and the net ionic equation. a. KCl(aq) and Na2S(aq) b. AgNO3(aq) and K2S(aq) c. CaCl2(aq) and Na2SO4(aq) d. CuCl2(aq) and Li3PO4(aq)

Problem 32QP Determine whether a solid forms when solutions containing the following salts are mixed. If so, write the ionic equation and the net ionic equation. a. Na3PO4(aq) and AgNO3(aq) b. K2SO4(aq) and Na2CO3(aq) c. Pb(NO3)2(aq) and Na2CO3(aq) d. BaCl2(aq) and KOH(aq)

Problem 33QP Calculate the mass percent (m/m) for the solute in each of the following solutions: a. 25 g of KCl and 125 g of H2O b. 12 g of sugar in 225 g of tea solution with sugar c. 8.0 g of CaCl2 in 80.0 g of CaCl2 solution

Calculate the mass percent (m/m) for the solute in each of the following solutions: a. 75 g of NaOH in 325 g of NaOH solution b. 2.0 g of KOH and 20.0 g of \(\mathrm {H_2O}\) c. 48.5 g of \(\mathrm{Na_2CO_3}\) in 250.0 g of \(\mathrm{Na_2CO_3}\) solution

Problem 35QP Calculate the mass/volume percent (m/v) for the solute in each of the following solutions: a. 75 g of Na2SO4 in 250 mL of Na2SO4 solution b. 39 g of sucrose in 355 mL of a carbonated drink

Problem 36QP Calculate the mass/volume percent (m/v) for the solute in each of the following solutions: a. 2.50 g of LiCl in 50.0 mL of LiCl solution b. 7.5 g of casein in 120 mL of low-fat milk

Problem 37QP Calculate the molarity (M) of the following solutions: a. 2.00 moles of glucose in 4.00 L of glucose solution b. 4.00 g of KOH in 2.00 L of KOH solution c. 5.85 g of NaCl in 400. mL of NaCl solution

Problem 38QP Calculate the molarity (M) of the following solutions: a. 0.500 mole of glucose in 0.200 L of glucose solution b. 36.5 g of HCl in 1.00 L of HCl solution c. 30.0 g of NaOH in 350. mL of NaOH solution

Calculate the amount of solute, in grams or milliliters, needed to prepare the following solutions: a. 50.0 mL of a 5.0% (m/v) KCl solution b. 1250 mL of a 4.0% (m/v) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) solution c. 250. mL of a 10.0% (v/v) acetic acid solution

Problem 40QP Calculate the amount of solute, in grams or milliliters, needed to prepare the following solutions: a. 150 mL of a 40.0% (m/v) LiNO3 solution b. 450 mL of a 2.0% (m/v) KOH solution c. 225 mL of a 15% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol solution

Problem 41QP A mouthwash contains 22.5% (v/v) alcohol. If the bottle of mouthwash contains 355 mL, what is the volume, in millili-ters, of the alcohol?

Problem 42QP Champagne is an 11% (v/v) alcohol solution. If there are 750 mL of champagne in a bottle, how many milliliters of alcohol are present?

A patient receives 100. mL of a 20.% (m/v) mannitol solution every hour. a. How many grams of mannitol are given in 1 h? b. How many grams of mannitol does the patient receive in 12 h?

Problem 44QP A patient receives 250 mL of a 4.0% (m/v) amino acid solution twice a day. a. How many grams of amino acids are in 250 mL of solution? b. How many grams of amino acids does the patient receive in 1 day?

Problem 45QP A patient needs 100. g of glucose in the next 12 h. How many liters of a 5% (m/v) glucose solution must be given?

Problem 46QP A patient received 2.0 g of NaCl in 8 h. How many milliliters of a 0.9% (m/v) NaCl (saline) solution were delivered?

Problem 47QP Calculate the amount of solution (g or mL) that contains each of the following amounts of solute: a. 5.0 g of LiNO3 from a 25% (m/m) LiNO3 solution b. 40.0 g of KOH from a 10.0% (m/v) KOH solution c. 2.0 mL of formic acid from a 10.0% (v/v) formic acid solution

Problem 48QP Calculate the amount of solution (g or mL) that contains each of the following amounts of solute: a. 7.50 g of NaCl from a 2.0% (m/m) NaCl solution b. 4.0 g of NaF from a 25% (m/v) NaF solution c. 20.0 g of KBr from an 8.0% (m/m) KBr solution

Problem 49QP Calculate the moles of solute needed to prepare each of the following: a. 1.00 L of a 3.00 M NaCl solution b. 0.400 L of a 1.00 M KBr solution c. 125 mL of a 2.00 M MgCl2 solution

Problem 50QP Calculate the moles of solute needed to prepare each of the following: a. 5.00 L of a 2.00 M CaCl2 solution b. 4.00 L of a 0.100 M NaOH solution c. 215 mL of a 4.00 M HNO3 solution

Problem 51QP Calculate the grams of solute needed to prepare each of the following: a. 2.00 L of a 1.50 M NaOH solution b. 4.00 L of a 0.200 M KCl solution c. 25.0 mL of a 6.00 M HCl solution

Problem 52QP Calculate the grams of solute needed to prepare each of the following: a. 2.00 L of a 6.00 M NaOH solution b. 5.00 L of a 0.100 M CaCl2 solution c. 175 mL of a 3.00 M NaNO3 solution

Calculate the volume indicated for each of the following: a. liters of a 2.00 M KBr solution to obtain 3.00 moles of KBr b. milliliters of a 1.50 M NaCl solution to obtain 4.78 g of NaCl c. milliliters of a 0.800 M \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) solution to obtain 0.0500 mole of \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

Problem 54QP Calculate the volume indicated for each of the following: a. liters of a 4.00 M KCl solution to obtain 0.100 mole of KCl b. milliliters of a 6.00 M HCl solution to obtain 18.3 g of HCl c. milliliters of a 2.50 M K2SO4 solution to obtain 1.20 moles of K2SO4

Problem 55QP Calculate the final concentration of each of the following diluted solutions: a. 2.0 L of a 6.0 M HCl solution is added to water so that the final volume is 6.0 L. b. Water is added to 0.50 L of a 12 M NaOH solution to make 3.0 L of a diluted NaOH solution. c. A 10.0-mL sample of a 25% (m/v) KOH solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is 100.0 mL. d. A 50.0-mL sample of a 15% (m/v) H2SO4 solution is added to water to give a final volume of 250 mL.

Problem 56QP Calculate the final concentration of each of the following diluted solutions: a. 1.0 L of a 4.0 M HNO3 solution is added to water so that the final volume is 8.0 L. b. Water is added to 0.25 L of a 6.0 M NaF solution to make 2.0 L of a diluted NaF solution. c. A 50.0-mL sample of an 8.0% (m/v) KBr solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is 200.0 mL. d. A 5.0-mL sample of a 50.0% (m/v) acetic acid (HC2H3O2) solution is added to water to give a final volume of 25 mL.

Problem 57QP What is the volume, in milliliters, of each of the following diluted solutions? a. a 1.50 M HCl solution prepared from 20.0 mL of a 6.00 M HCl solution b. a 2.0% (m/v) LiCl solution prepared from 50.0 mL of a 10.0% (m/v) LiCl solution c. a 0.500 M H3PO4 solution prepared from 50.0 mL of a 6.00 M H3PO4 solution d. a 5.0% (m/v) glucose solution prepared from 75 mL of a 12% (m/v) glucose solution

Problem 58QP What is the volume, in milliliters, of each of the following diluted solutions? a. a 1.00% (m/v) H2SO4 solution prepared from 10.0 mL of a 20.0% H2SO4 solution b. a 0.10 M HCl solution prepared from 25 mL of a 6.0 M HCl solution c. a 1.0 M NaOH solution prepared from 50.0 mL of a 12 M NaOH solution d. a 1.0% (m/v) CaCl2 solution prepared from 18 mL of a 4.0% (m/v) CaCl2 solution

Problem 59QP Determine the volume, in milliliters, required to prepare each of the following diluted solutions: a. 255 mL of a 0.200 M HNO3 solution using a 4.00 M HNO3 solution b. 715 mL of a 0.100 M MgCl2 solution using a 6.00 M MgCl2 solution c. 0.100 L of a 0.150 M KCl solution using an 8.00 M KCl solution

Problem 60QP Determine the volume, in milliliters, required to prepare each of the following diluted solutions: a. 20.0 mL of a 0.250 M KNO3 solution using a 6.00 M KNO3 solution b. 25.0 mL of a 2.50 M H2SO4 solution using a 12.0 M H2SO4 solution c. 0.500 L of a 1.50 M NH4Cl solution using a 10.0 M NH4Cl solution

Problem 61QP Answer the following for the reaction: a. How many grams of PbCl2 will be formed from 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M KCl solution? b. How many milliliters of a 2.00 M Pb(NO3)2 solution will react with 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M KCl solution?

Problem 62QP Answer the following for the reaction: a. How many milliliters of a 0.200 M NaOH solution are needed to react with 18.0 mL of a 0.500 M NiCl2 solution? b. How many grams of Ni(OH)2 are produced from the reaction of 35.0 mL of a 0.200 M NaOH solution?

Problem 63QP Answer the following for the reaction: a. How many milliliters of a 6.00 M HCl solution are required to react with 15.0 g of magnesium? b. How many moles of hydrogen gas form when 0.500 L of a 2.00 M HCl solution reacts?

Problem 64QP The calcium carbonate in limestone reacts with HCl to produce a calcium chloride solution, liquid water, and carbon dioxide gas. a. How many milliliters of a 0.200 M HCl solution can react with 8.25 g of CaCO3? b. How many moles of CO2 form when 15.5 mL of a 3.00 M HCl solution react?

Problem 65QP Identify the following as characteristic of a solution, colloid, or suspension: a. a mixture that cannot be separated by a semipermeable membrane b. a mixture that settles out upon standing

Identify the following as characteristic of a solution, colloid, or suspension: a. Particles of this mixture remain inside a semipermeable membrane but pass through filters. b. The particles of solute in this mixture are very large and visible.

Problem 67QP In each pair, identify the solution that will have a lower freezing point. Explain. a. 1.0 mole of glycerol (nonelectrolyte) and 2.0 moles of ethylene glycol (nonelectrolyte) each in 1.0 L of water b. 0.50 mole of KCl (strong electrolyte) and 0.50 mole of MgCl2 (strong electrolyte) each in 2.0 L of water

In each pair, identify the solution that will have a higher boiling point. Explain. a. 1.50 moles of LiOH (strong electrolyte) and 3.00 moles of KOH (strong electrolyte) each in 0.50 L of water b. 0.40 mole of \(\mathrm{Al(NO_3)_3}\) (strong electrolyte) and 0.40 mole of CsCl (strong electrolyte) each in 0.50 L of water

A 10% (m/v) starch solution is separated from a 1% (m/v) starch solution by a semipermeable membrane. (Starch is a colloid.) a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure? b. In which direction will water flow initially? c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?

Problem 70QP Two solutions, a 0.1% (m/v) albumin solution and a 2% (m/v) albumin solution, are separated by a semipermeable membrane. (Albumin is a colloid.) a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure? b. In which direction will water flow initially? c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?

Indicate the compartment (A or B) that will increase in volume for each of the following pairs of solutions separated by semipermeable membranes: Solution in A Solution in B a. 5% (m/v) starch 10% (m/v) starch b. 8% (m/v) albumin 4% (m/v) albumin c. 0.1% (m/v) sucrose 10% (m/v) sucrose

Indicate the compartment (A or B) that will increase in volume for each of the following pairs of solutions separated by semipermeable membranes: Solution in A Solution in B a. 20% (m/v) starch 10% (m/v) starch b. 10% (m/v) albumin 2% (m/v) albumin c. 0.5% (m/v) sucrose 5% (m/v) sucrose

Problem 73QP Are the following solutions isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic compared with a red blood cell? a. distilled H2O b. 1% (m/v) glucose c. 0.9% (m/v) NaCl d. 15% (m/v) glucose

Will a red blood cell undergo crenation, hemolysis, or no change in each of the following solutions? a. 1% (m/v) glucose b. 2% (m/v) NaCl c. 5% (m/v) glucose d. 0.1% (m/v) NaCl

Each of the following mixtures is placed in a dialyzing bag and immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag in the distilled water? a. NaCl solution b. starch solution (colloid) and alanine, an amino acid, solution c. NaCl solution and starch solution (colloid) d. urea solution

Each of the following mixtures is placed in a dialyzing bag and immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag in the distilled water? a. KCl solution and glucose solution b. an albumin solution (colloid) c. an albumin solution (colloid), KCl solution, and glucose solution d. urea solution and NaCl solution

Problem 77UTC Select the diagram that represents the solution formed by a solute that is a a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte

Problem 78UTC Match the diagrams with the following: a. a polar solute and a polar solvent b. a nonpolar solute and a polar solvent c. a nonpolar solute and a nonpolar solvent

Problem 79UTC Select the container that represents the dilution of a 4% (m/m) KCl solution to each of the following: a. 2% (m/m) KCl solution b. 1% (m/m) KCl solution

Problem 80UTC If all the solute is dissolved in Figure 1, how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes? (8.3) a. 2 to 3 b. 2 to 1 Figure 8.1 A solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) forms as particles of solute dissolve, move away from the crystals, and become evenly dispersed among the solvent (water) molecules.

Problem 81UTC A pickle is made by soaking a cucumber in brine, a salt-water solution. What makes the smooth cucumber become wrinkled like a prune?

Problem 82UTC Why do lettuce leaves in a salad wilt after a vinaigrette dressing containing salt is added?

Why do lettuce leaves in a salad wilt after a vinaigrette dressing containing salt is added?

Problem 84UTC Use the following types of ions: a. Select the beaker (1, 2, 3, or 4) that contains the products after the solutions in beakers A and B are mixed. b. If an insoluble salt forms, write the ionic equation. c. If a reaction occurs, write the net ionic equation.

Problem 85UTC A semipermeable membrane separates two compartments, A and B. If the levels of solutions in A and B are equal initially, select the diagram that illustrates the final levels for each of the following: (8.6) 1 Solution in A Solution in B a. 2% (m/v) starch 8% (m/v) starch b. 1% (m/v) starch 1% (m/v) starch c. 5% (m/v) sucrose 1% (m/v) sucrose d. 0.1% (m/v) sucrose 1% (m/v) sucrose

Problem 86UTC Select the diagram that represents the shape of a red blood cell when placed in each of the following solutions: (8.6) Normal red blood cell a. 0.9% (m/v) NaCl solution b. 10% (m/v) glucose solution c. 0.01% (m/v) NaCl solution d. 5% (m/v) glucose solution e. 1% (m/v) glucose solution

Problem 87AQP If NaCl has a solubility of 36.0 g in 100 g of H2O at 20 °C, how many grams of water are needed to prepare a saturated solution containing 80.0 g of NaCl?

Problem 89AQP Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO3 in 100 g of H2O at 20 °C. State if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C: (8.3) a. 32 g of KNO3 and 200. g of H2O b. 19 g of KNO3 and 50. g of H2O c. 68 g of KNO3 and 150. g of H2O

Problem 88AQP If the solid NaCl in a saturated solution of NaCl continues to dissolve, why is there no change in the concentration of the NaCl solution?

Problem 90AQP Potassium fluoride has a solubility of 92 g of KF in 100 g of H2O at 18 °C. State if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 18 °C: (8.3) a. 46 g of KF and 100. g of H2O b. 46 g of KF and 50. g of H2O c. 184 g of KF and 150. g of H2O

Problem 92AQP Indicate whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (8.3) a. Na3PO4 b. PbBr2 c. KCl d. (NH4)2S e. MgCO3 f. FePO4

Problem 93AQP Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid (insoluble salt) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if there is no precipitate. (8.3) a. AgNO3(aq) and LiCl(aq) b. NaCl(aq) and KNO3(aq) c. Na2SO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq)

Problem 94AQP Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a precipitate (insoluble salt) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if there is not a precipitate. a. Ca(NO3)2(aq) and Na2S(aq) b. Na3PO4(aq) and Pb(NO3)2(aq) c. FeCl3(aq) and NH4NO3(aq)

Problem 95AQP Calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution containing 15.5 g of Na2SO4 and 75.5 g of H2O. (8.4)

Problem 96AQP Calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution containing 26 g of K2CO3 and 724 g of H2O. (8.4)

Problem 97AQP What is the molarity of a solution containing 8.0 g of NaOH in 400. mL of NaOH solution? (8.5)

Problem 98AQP What is the molarity of a solution containing 15.6 g of KCl in 274 mL of KCl solution?

Problem 99AQP How many grams of solute are in each of the following solutions? (8.5) a. 2.20 L of a 3.00 M Al(NO3)3 solution b. 75.0 mL of a 0.500 M C6H12O6 solution c. 0.150 L of a 0.320 M NH4Cl solution

Problem 100AQP How many grams of solute are in each of the following solutions? (8.5) a. 428 mL of a 0.450 M Na2SO4 solution b. 10.5 mL of a 2.50 M AgNO3 solution c. 28.4 mL of a 6.00 M H3PO4 solution

Problem 101AQP A patient receives all her nutrition from fluids given through the vena cava. Every 12 h, 750 mL of a solution that is 4% (m/v) amino acids (protein) and 25% (m/v) glucose (carbohydrate) is given along with 500 mL of a 10% (m/v) lipid (fat) solution. (8.4) a. In 1 day, how many grams of amino acids, glucose, and lipid are given to the patient? b. How many kilocalories does she obtain in 1 day?

Problem 102AQP A patient receives an intravenous solution of a 5.0% (m/v) glucose solution. How many liters of the glucose solution would the patient be given to obtain 75 g of glucose? (8.4)

Problem 103AQP How many milliliters of a 12% (v/v) propyl alcohol solution would you need to obtain 4.5 mL of propyl alcohol?

Problem 104AQP An 80-proof brandy is a 40.0% (v/v) ethanol solution. The “proof ” is twice the percent concentration of alcohol in the beverage. How many milliliters of alcohol are present in 750. mL of brandy?

Problem 105AQP Calculate the concentration, percent or molarity, of the solution when water is added to prepare each of the following solutions: (8.5) a. 25.0 mL of a 0.200 M NaBr solution diluted to 50.0 mL b. 15.0 mL of a 12.0% (m/v) K2SO4 solution diluted to 40.0 mL c. 75.0 mL of a 6.00 M NaOH solution diluted to 255 mL

Problem 106AQP Calculate the concentration, percent or molarity, of the solution when water is added to prepare each of the following solutions: (8.5) a. 25.0 mL of an 18.0 M HCl solution diluted to 500. mL b. 50.0 mL of a 15.0% (m/v) NH4Cl solution diluted to 125 mL c. 4.50 mL of an 8.50 M KOH solution diluted to 75.0 mL

Problem 107AQP What is the final volume, in milliliters, when 25.0 mL of each of the following solutions is diluted to provide the given concentration? (8.5) a. 10.0% (m/v) HCl solution to give a 2.50% (m/v) HCl solution b. 5.00 M HCl solution to give a 1.00 M HCl solution c. 6.00 M HCl solution to give a 0.500 M HCl solution

What is the final volume, in milliliters, when 5.00 mL of each of the following solutions is diluted to provide the given concentration? (8.5) a. 20.0% (m/v) NaOH solution to give a 4.00% (m/v) NaOH solution b. 0.600 M NaOH solution to give a 0.100 M NaOH solution c. 16.0% (m/v) NaOH solution to give a 2.00% (m/v) NaOH solution

Problem 109CQ A solution is prepared with 70.0 g of HNO3 and 130.0 g of H2O. The HNO3 solution has a density of 1.21 g/mL. (8.4, 8.5) a. What is the mass percent (m/m) of the HNO3 solution? b. What is the total volume of the solution? c. What is the mass/volume percent (m/v)? d. What is its molarity (M)?

Problem 110CQ A solution is prepared by dissolving 22.0 g of NaOH in 118.0 g of water. The NaOH solution has a density of 1.15 g/mL. (8.4, 8.5) a. What is the mass percent (m/m) of the NaOH solution? b. What is the total volume of the solution? c. What is the mass/volume percent (m/v)? d. What is its molarity (M)?

Problem 111CQ The antacid Amphogel contains aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3. How many milliliters of a 6.00 M HCl solution are required to react with 60.0 mL of a 2.00 M Al(OH)3solution? Al(OH)3(s) + 3HCl(aq) ? 3H2O(l) + AlCl3(aq)

Problem 112CQ Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, reacts with stomach acid (HCl, hydrochloric acid) according to the following equation: (8.5) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) ?CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Tums, an antacid, contains CaCO3. If Tums is added to 20.0 mL of a 0.400 M HCl solution, how many grams of CO2 gas are produced?

Problem 113CQ How many grams of NO gas can be produced from 80.0 mL of a 4.00 M HNO3 solution and excess Cu? (8.5) 3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) ? 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)

Problem 114CQ A 355-mL sample of a HCl solution reacts with excess Mg to produce 4.20 L of H2 gas measured at 745 mmHg and 35 °C. What is the molarity of the HCl solution? (8.5) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)? MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g)

Problem 115CQ Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid (insoluble salt) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if there is no precipitate. (8.3) a. AgNO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) b. KCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) c. CaCl2(aq) + (NH4)3PO4(aq) d. K2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq)

Problem 116CQ Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid (insoluble salt) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if there is no precipitate. (8.3) a. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + NaBr(aq) b. AgNO3(aq) + (NH4)2CO3(aq) c. Na3PO4(aq) + Al(NO3)3(aq) d. NaOH(aq) + CuCl2 (aq)

Problem 117CQ In a laboratory experiment, a 10.0-mL sample of NaCl solution is poured into an evaporating dish with a mass of 24.10 g. The combined mass of the evaporating dish and the NaCl solution is 36.15 g. After heating, the evaporating dish and dry NaCl have a combined mass of 25.50 g. a. What is the mass percent (m/m) of the NaCl solution? b. What is the molarity (M) of the NaCl solution? c. If water is added to 10.0 mL of the initial NaCl solution to give a final volume of 60.0 mL, what is the molarity of the diluted NaCl solution?

Problem 118CQ In a laboratory experiment, a 15.0-mL sample of KCl solution is poured into an evaporating dish with a mass of 24.10 g. The combined mass of the evaporating dish and KCl solution is 41.50 g. After heating, the evaporating dish and dry KCl have a combined mass of 28.28 g. (8.4, 8.5) a. What is the mass percent (m/m) of the KCl solution? b. What is the molarity (M) of the KCl solution? c. If water is added to 10.0 mL of the initial KCl solution to give a final volume of 60.0 mL, what is the molarity of the diluted KCl solution?

Problem 91AQP Indicate whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (8.3) a. CuCO3 b. NaHCO3 C. Mg3(PO4)2 d. (NH4)2SO4 e. FeO f. Ca(OH)2