- 13.13.1: What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? What are the unit...
- 13.13.2: Distinguish between average rate and instantaneous rate. Which of t...
- 13.13.3: What are the advantages of measuring the initial rate of a reaction?
- 13.13.4: Can you suggest two reactions that are very slow (take days or long...
- 13.13.5: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in ...
- 13.13.6: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in ...
- 13.13.7: Consider the reaction 2NO(g) 1 O2(g) 2NO2(g) Suppose that at a part...
- 13.13.8: Consider the reaction N2(g) 1 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Suppose that at a part...
- 13.13.9: Explain what is meant by the rate law of a reaction
- 13.13.1b: What are the units for the rate constants of zero-order, first-orde...
- 13.13.11: Consider the zero-order reaction: A product. (a) Write the rate law...
- 13.13.12: On which of the following properties does the rate constant of a re...
- 13.13.13: The rate law for the reaction NH4 1(aq) 1 NO2 2 (aq) N2(g) 1 2H2O(l...
- 13.13.14: Use the data in Table 13.2 to calculate the rate of the reaction at...
- 13.13.15: Consider the reaction A 1 B products From the following data obtain...
- 13.13.16: Consider the reaction X 1 Y Z From the following data, obtained at ...
- 13.13.17: Determine the overall orders of the reactions to which the followin...
- 13.13.18: Consider the reaction A B The rate of the reaction is 1.6 3 1022 M/...
- 13.13.19: Cyclobutane decomposes to ethylene according to the equation C4H8(g...
- 13.13.2b: The following gas-phase reaction was studied at 2908C by observing ...
- 13.13.21: Write an equation relating the concentration of a reactant A at t 5...
- 13.13.22: Define half-life. Write the equation relating the halflife of a fir...
- 13.13.23: Write the equations relating the half-life of a secondorder reactio...
- 13.13.24: For a first-order reaction, how long will it take for the concentra...
- 13.13.25: What is the half-life of a compound if 75 percent of a given sample...
- 13.12.26: ?The thermal decomposition of phosphine \(PH_3)\ into phosphorus an...
- 13.13.27: The rate constant for the second-order reaction 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) 1 B...
- 13.13.28: The rate constant for the second-order reaction 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) 1 O2...
- 13.13.29: Consider the first-order reaction A B shown here. (a) What is the r...
- 13.13.3b: The reaction X Y shown here follows first- order kinetics. Initiall...
- 13.13.31: Define activation energy. What role does activation energy play in ...
- 13.13.32: Write the Arrhenius equation and define all terms
- 13.13.33: Use the Arrhenius equation to show why the rate constant of a react...
- 13.13.34: The burning of methane in oxygen is a highly exothermic reaction. Y...
- 13.13.35: Sketch a potential energy versus reaction progress plot for the fol...
- 13.13.36: The reaction H 1 H2 H2 1 H has been studied for many years. Sketch ...
- 13.13.37: (1) The diagram in (a) shows the plots of ln k versus 1/T for two f...
- 13.13.38: Given the same reactant concentrations, the reaction CO(g) 1 Cl2(g)...
- 13.13.39: Some reactions are described as parallel in that the reactant simul...
- 13.13.4b: Variation of the rate constant with temperature for the first-order...
- 13.13.41: For the reaction NO(g) 1 O3(g) NO2(g) 1 O2(g) the frequency factor ...
- 13.13.42: The rate constant of a first-order reaction is 4.60 3 1024 s21 at 3...
- 13.13.43: The rate constants of some reactions double with every 10-degree ri...
- 13.13.44: Consider the first-order reaction CH3NC(g) CH3CN(g) Given that the ...
- 13.13.45: Consider the second-order reaction NO(g) 1 Cl2(g) NOCl(g) 1 Cl(g) G...
- 13.13.46: The rate at which tree crickets chirp is 2.0 3 102 per minute at 27...
- 13.13.47: The diagram here describes the initial state of the reaction A2 1 B...
- 13.13.48: What do we mean by the mechanism of a reaction? What is an elementa...
- 13.13.49: Classify each of the following elementary steps as unimolecular, bi...
- 13.13.5b: Reactions can be classified as unimolecular, bimolecular, and so on...
- 13.13.51: Determine the molecularity and write the rate law for each of the f...
- 13.13.52: What is the rate-determining step of a reaction? Give an everyday a...
- 13.13.53: The equation for the combustion of ethane (C2H6) is 2C2H6(g) 1 7O2(...
- 13.13.54: Specify which of the following species cannot be isolated in a reac...
- 13.13.55: The rate law for the reaction 2NO(g) 1 Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g) is given by ...
- 13.13.56: For the reaction X2 1 Y 1 Z XY 1 XZ it is found that doubling the c...
- 13.13.57: The rate law for the decomposition of ozone to molecular oxygen 2O3...
- 13.13.58: The rate law for the reaction 2H2(g) 1 2NO(g) N2(g) 1 2H2O(g) is ra...
- 13.13.59: How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
- 13.13.6b: What are the characteristics of a catalyst?
- 13.13.61: A certain reaction is known to proceed slowly at room temperature. ...
- 13.13.62: Distinguish between homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalys...
- 13.13.63: Are enzyme-catalyzed reactions examples of homogeneous or heterogen...
- 13.13.64: The concentrations of enzymes in cells are usually quite small. Wha...
- 13.13.65: The diagram shown here represents a two-step mechanism. (a) Write t...
- 13.13.66: Consider the following mechanism for the enzymecatalyzed reaction: ...
- 13.13.67: The following diagrams represent the progress of the reaction A B, ...
- 13.13.68: The following diagrams show the progress of the reaction 2A A2. Det...
- 13.13.69: Suggest experimental means by which the rates of the following reac...
- 13.13.7b: List four factors that influence the rate of a reaction
- 13.13.71: The rate constant for the reaction NO2(g) 1 CO(g) NO(g) 1 CO2(g) is...
- 13.13.72: In a certain industrial process involving a heterogeneous catalyst,...
- 13.13.73: Use the data in Example 13.5 to determine graphically the half-life...
- 13.13.74: The following data were collected for the reaction between hydrogen...
- 13.13.75: When methyl phosphate is heated in acid solution, it reacts with wa...
- 13.13.76: The rate of the reaction CH3COOC2H5(aq) 1 H2O(l2 CH3COOH(aq) 1 C2H5...
- 13.13.77: Which of the following equations best describes the diagram shown a...
- 13.13.78: The reaction 2A 1 3B C is first order with respect to A and B. When...
- 13.13.79: The bromination of acetone is acid-catalyzed: CH3COCH3 Br2 88 catal...
- 13.13.8b: The decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2 is a firstorder reaction. At ...
- 13.13.81: The reaction S2O22 8 1 2I2 2SO4 22 1 I2 proceeds slowly in aqueous ...
- 13.13.82: What are the units of the rate constant for a thirdorder reaction?
- 13.13.83: The integrated rate law for the zero-order reaction A B is [A]t 5 [...
- 13.13.84: A flask contains a mixture of compounds A and B. Both compounds dec...
- 13.13.85: Shown here are plots of concentration of reactant versus time for t...
- 13.13.86: The diagrams here represent the reaction A 1 B C carried out under ...
- 13.13.87: Referring to Example 13.5, explain how you would measure the partia...
- 13.13.88: The rate law for the reaction 2NO2 (g) N2O4(g) is rate 5 k[NO2] 2 ....
- 13.13.89: The reaction of G2 with E2 to form 2EG is exothermic, and the react...
- 13.13.9b: In the nuclear industry, workers use a rule of thumb that the radio...
- 13.13.91: Briefly comment on the effect of a catalyst on each of the followin...
- 13.13.92: When 6 g of granulated Zn is added to a solution of 2 M HCl in a be...
- 13.13.93: Strictly speaking, the rate law derived for the reaction in 13.74 a...
- 13.13.94: A certain first-order reaction is 35.5 percent complete in 4.90 min...
- 13.13.95: The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide has been studied in carbo...
- 13.13.96: The thermal decomposition of N2O5 obeys first- order kinetics. At 4...
- 13.13.97: When a mixture of methane and bromine is exposed to visible light, ...
- 13.13.98: The rate of the reaction between H2 and I2 to form HI (discussed on...
- 13.13.99: The carbon-14 decay rate of a sample obtained from a young tree is ...
- 13.13.1c: Consider the following elementary step: X 1 2Y XY2 (a) Write a rate...
- 13.13.101: In recent years ozone in the stratosphere has been depleted at an a...
- 13.13.102: Chlorine oxide (ClO), which plays an important role in the depletio...
- 13.13.103: A compound X undergoes two simultaneous firstorder reactions as fol...
- 13.13.104: Consider a car fitted with a catalytic converter. The first 5 minut...
- 13.13.105: The following scheme in which A is converted to B, which is then co...
- 13.3.106: Hydrogen and iodine monochloride react as follows: H2(g) 1 2ICl(g) ...
- 13.13.107: The rate law for the following reaction CO(g) 1 NO2(g) CO2(g) 1 NO(...
- 13.13.108: Radioactive plutonium-239 1t1 2 5 2.44 3 105 yr2 is used in nuclear...
- 13.13.109: Many reactions involving heterogeneous catalysts are zero order; th...
- 13.13.11c: Thallium(I) is oxidized by cerium(IV) as follows: Tl1 1 2Ce41 Tl31 ...
- 13.13.111: Sucrose (C12H22O11), commonly called table sugar, undergoes hydroly...
- 13.13.112: The first-order rate constant for the decomposition of dimethyl eth...
- 13.13.113: At 258C, the rate constant for the ozone-depleting reaction O(g) 1 ...
- 13.13.114: Consider the following elementary steps for a consecutive reaction:...
- 13.13.115: Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can imp...
- 13.13.116: Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major product of an atomi...
- 13.13.117: Consider the potential energy profiles for the following three reac...
- 13.13.118: Consider the following potential energy profile for the A D reactio...
- 13.13.119: A factory that specializes in the refinement of transition metals s...
- 13.13.12c: The activation energy for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide 2H...
- 13.13.121: The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of nuclear disin...
- 13.13.122: To carry out metabolism, oxygen is taken up by hemoglobin (Hb) to f...
- 13.13.123: At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia decomposes on the surfac...
- 13.13.124: The following expression shows the dependence of the half-life of a...
- 13.13.125: Polyethylene is used in many items, including water pipes, bottles,...
- 13.13.126: The rate constant for the gaseous reaction H2(g) 1 I2(g) 2HI(g) is ...
- 13.13.127: A protein molecule, P, of molar mass m dimerizes when it is allowed...
- 13.13.128: When the concentration of A in the reaction A B was changed from 1....
- 13.13.129: At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia decomposes on the surfac...
- 13.13.13c: The activation energy for the reaction N2O(g) N2(g) 1 O(g) is 2.4 3...
- 13.3.131: The rate of a reaction was followed by the absorption of light by t...
- 13.13.132: A gas mixture containing CH3 fragments, C2H6 molecules, and an iner...
- 13.13.133: To prevent brain damage, a drastic medical procedure is to lower th...
- 13.13.134: The activation energy (Ea) for the reaction 2N2O(g) 2N2(g) 1 O2(g) ...
- 13.13.135: The rate constants for the first-order decomposition of an organic ...
- 13.13.136: Assume that the formation of nitrogen dioxide: 2NO(g) 1 O2(g) 2NO2(...
- 13.13.137: An instructor performed a lecture demonstration of the thermite rea...
- 13.13.138: Account for the variation of the rate of an enzymecatalyzed reactio...
- 13.13.139: Is the rate constant (k) of a reaction more sensitive to changes in...
- 13.13.14: Shown here is a plot of [A]t versus t for the reaction A product. (...
- 13.13.141: What are the shortest and longest times (in years) that can be esti...
- 13.13.142: In addition to chemical and biological systems, kinetic treatments ...
Solutions for Chapter 13: Chemical Kinetics
Full solutions for Chemistry | 12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021510
Chapter 13: Chemical Kinetics includes 142 full step-by-step solutions. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Chemistry, edition: 12. Since 142 problems in chapter 13: Chemical Kinetics have been answered, more than 236559 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chemistry was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780078021510.
-
absorption spectrum
A pattern of variation in the amount of light absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength. (Section 23.5)
-
boat conformation
A conformation of cyclohexane in which all bond angles are fairly close to 109.5° and many hydrogen atoms are eclipsing each other.
-
Chain initiation
A step in a chain reaction characterized by the formation of reactive intermediates (radicals, anions, or cations) from nonradical or noncharged molecules
-
chlor-alkali process.
The production of chlorine gas by the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution. (22.6)
-
Claisen rearrangement
A [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement that is observed for allylic vinylic ethers.
-
d-Monosaccharide
A monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the !OH on its penultimate carbon to the right.
-
degenerate
Having the same energy.
-
disrotatory
In electrocyclicreactions, a type of rotation in which the orbitalsbeing used to form the new s bond must rotate in opposite directions (one rotates clockwise while the other rotates counterclockwise).
-
epimer
Diastereomers that differ from each other in the configuration of only one chirality center.
-
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Plasma particles, density 1.06–1.21 g/mL, consisting of approximately 33% proteins, 30% cholesterol, 29% phospholipids, and 8% triglycerides.
-
hydronium ion 1H3O+2
The predominant form of the proton in aqueous solution. (Section 16.2)
-
Molecular ion (M1)
The radical cation formed by removal of a single electron from a parent molecule in a mass spectrometer.
-
Nonpolar covalent bond
A covalent bond between atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than approximately 0.5.
-
organohalide
An organic compound containing at least one halogen.
-
Protecting group
Reversibly creating an unreactive group for the purpose of preventing a functional group from potentially reacting to give an unwanted product or products
-
radial probability function
The probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus. (Section 6.6)
-
radioisotope
An isotope that is radioactive; that is, it is undergoing nuclear changes with emission of radiation. (Section 21.1)
-
silicates
Compounds containing silicon and oxygen, structurally based on SiO4 tetrahedra. (Section 22.10)
-
Thermolysis
Cleavage by heating
-
weak activators
Groups that weakly activate an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, thereby enhancing the rate of the reaction.