- 18.19Q: ?Suppose a fuel-cell generator produces electricity for a house. If...
- 18.20Q: What is a functional group? List some examples.
- 18.21Q: ?Describe the structure of benzene. What are the different ways in ...
- 18.1Q: ?What are the two general concepts involved in equilibrium?
- 18.2Q: ?What is the rate of a chemical reaction? What is the difference be...
- 18.3Q: ?Why do chemists seek to control reaction rates?
- 18.4Q: What is vitalism? How was vitalism usurped?
- 18.5Q: What is unique about carbon and carbon-based compounds? Why did lif...
- 18.6Q: Describe the geometry about a carbon atom that forms:(a) four singl...
- 18.7Q: What are hydrocarbons? What are the main uses of hydrocarbons?
- 18.8Q: What are the main classifications of hydrocarbons? What are their g...
- 18.9Q: What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
- 18.10Q: Explain the difference between a molecular formula, a structural fo...
- 18.11Q: Explain the difference between n-alkanes and branched alkanes.
- 18.12Q: What are isomers? List some examples.
- 18.13Q: What are alkenes? How are they different from alkanes?
- 18.14Q: What are alkynes? How are they different from alkanes?
- 18.15Q: What are hydrocarbon combustion reactions? Provide an example.
- 18.16Q: What are alkane substitution reactions? Provide an example.
- 18.17Q: What is an alkene addition reaction? Provide an example.
- 18.18Q: What is an alkyne addition reaction? Provide an example.
- 18.22Q: List examples of some common alcohols and where you might find them.
- 18.23Q: What is the generic structure of ethers? Write the structures of tw...
- 18.24Q: Provide an example of a common ether and its main uses.
- 18.25Q: What are the generic structures of aldehydes and ketones? Write the...
- 18.26Q: List some examples of common aldehydes and ketones and where you mi...
- 18.27Q: What are the generic structures of carboxylic acids and esters? Wri...
- 18.28Q: List some examples of common carboxylic acids and esters and where ...
- 18.29Q: What is the generic structure of amines? Write the structures of tw...
- 18.30Q: Provide an example of a caaommon amine and where you might find it.
- 18.31Q: Explain what a polymer is and describe the difference between a pol...
- 18.32Q: Explain the difference between an addition polymer and a condensati...
- 18.33P: Determine whether each compound is a hydrocarbon.(a) C5H12O(b) NH3(...
- 18.34P: Determine whether each compound is a hydrocarbon.(a) CH2O(b) CH4(c)...
- 18.35P: Based on the molecular formula, determine if each compound is an a...
- 18.36P: Based on the molecular formula, determine if each compound is an al...
- 18.37P: ?Write a structural formula and a condensed structural formula for ...
- 18.38P: ?Write a structural formula and a condensed structural formula for ...
- 18.39P: ?Write structural formulas for each of the two isomers of butane.
- 18.40P: Write structural formulas for each of the three isomers of pentane.
- 18.41P: Write structural formulas for any five isomers of octane.
- 18.42P: Write structural formulas for all of the nine isomers of heptane.
- 18.43P: ?Name each alkane.
- 18.44P: ?Name each alkane..
- 18.45P: Draw a structure for each alkane.(a) 2-methylbutane(b) 3-ethyl-2-me...
- 18.46P: Draw a structure for each alkane.(a) 3-ethylhexane(b) 3,3-dimethylp...
- 18.47P: ?Determine what is wrong with the name of each alkane and provide t...
- 18.48P: ?Determine what is wrong with the name of each alkane and provide t...
- 18.49P: ?Complete the table.
- 18.50P: ?Complete the table.
- 18.51P: Write a structural formula and a condensed structural formula for ...
- 18.52P: Write a structural formula and a condensed structural formula for ...
- 18.53P: Write structural formulas for all of the possible structural isomer...
- 18.54P: Write structural formulas for all of the possible isomers of w-hexy...
- 18.55P: ?Name each alkene.
- 18.56P: ?Name each alkene.
- 18.57P: ?Name each alkyne.
- 18.59P: Provide correct structures for each compound.(a) 2-hexene(b) 3-hept...
- 18.60P: Provide correct structures for each compound.(a) 3-octyne(b) 1-pent...
- 18.61P: Draw and name all of the possible structural isomers of CH2=CHCH2CH...
- 18.62P: Draw and name all of the possible alkyne isomers of CH ? CCH2CH2CH2...
- 18.64P: ?Complete the table.
- 18.65P: Complete and balance each hydrocarbon combustion reaction.(a) CH3CH...
- 18.66P: Complete and balance each hydrocarbon combustion reaction(a) CH3CH2...
- 18.67P: What are the products of this alkane substitution reaction? (Assume...
- 18.68P: What are the products of this alkane substitution reaction? (Assume...
- 18.69P: What are the products of this alkene addition reaction?CH3CH=CHCH3 ...
- 18.70P: ?What are the products of this alkene addition reaction?
- 18.71P: Complete the hydrogenation reaction.CH2=CH2 + H2?
- 18.72P: Complete the hydrogenation reaction.CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 + H2?
- 18.73P: ?Draw the full structural formula represented by each shorthand for...
- 18.74P: ?Explain how the two resonance structures together represent the tr...
- 18.75P: ?Name each monosubstituted benzene.
- 18.76P: ?Name each monosubstituted benzene.
- 18.77P: ?Name each compound in which the benzene ring is treated as a subst...
- 18.78P: ?Name each compound in which the benzene ring is treated as a subst...
- 18.79P: ?Name each disubstituted benzene.
- 18.80P: ?Name each disubstituted benzene.
- 18.81P: Draw a structure for each compound.(a) Butylbenzene(b) 1-ethyl-2-io...
- 18.82P: Draw a structure for each compound.(a) Isopropylbenzene(b) meta-dib...
- 18.83P: ?Based on its functional group, match the structure on the left wit...
- 18.84P: ?Based on its functional group, match the structure on the left wit...
- 18.85P: ?For each molecule, identify the functional group and the family.
- 18.86P: ?For each molecule, identify the functional group and the family.
- 18.87P: ?Name each alcohol.
- 18.88P: ?Name each alcohol.
- 18.89P: Draw a structure for each alcohol.(a) 3-pentanol(b) 2-methyl-1-buta...
- 18.90P: Draw a structure for each alcohol.(a) 1-hexanol(b) 3,4-dimethyl-2-h...
- 18.91P: For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pro...
- 18.92P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.93P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.94P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.95P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.96P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.97P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.98P: ?For each compound, provide a name if the structure is given, or pr...
- 18.99P: ?Polyisobutylene is an addition polymer formed from the monomer sho...
- 18.100P: ?Teflon is an addition polymer formed from the monomer shown here. ...
- 18.101P: ?One kind of polyester is a condensation copolymer formed between t...
- 18.102P: ?Lexan, a polycarbonate, is a condensation copolymer formed between...
- 18.103P: ?Identify each organic compound as an alkane, alkene, alkyne, aroma...
- 18.104P: ?Identify each organic compound as an alkane, alkene, alkyne, aroma...
- 18.105P: ?Name each compound.
- 18.106P: ?Name each compound.
- 18.107P: ?For each set of structures, determine whether the two structures a...
- 18.108P: ?For each set of structures, determine whether the two structures a...
- 18.109P: Complete the equation.CH2=CH2 + HCl ?
- 18.110P: Complete the equation (assume only one addition).CH?CH + HI ?
- 18.111P: ?What is the minimum amount of hydrogen gas in grams required to co...
- 18.112P: ?How many kilograms of are produced by the complete combustion of 3...
- 18.113P: ?What minimum volume of oxygen gas (at STP) is required for the com...
- 18.114P: What minimum volume of hydrogen gas (at STP) is required to fully h...
- 18.115P: ?Based on the space-filling model shown, identify the family for ea...
- 18.116P: ?In Chapter \(13\), we learned about the “dirty dozen”—\(12\) chemi...
Solutions for Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry
Full solutions for Introductory Chemistry | 5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321910295
Summary of Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry
Our reaction to certain smells, positive or negative, is probably an evolutionary adaptation. The pleasant smell of cinnamon tells us that it is good to eat. The unpleasant smell of rotting fish tells us that it has become spoiled and that we should avoid it.
Since 114 problems in chapter 18: Organic Chemistry have been answered, more than 1606235 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Introductory Chemistry was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780321910295. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Introductory Chemistry, edition: 5. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry includes 114 full step-by-step solutions.
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alpha 1A2 helix
A protein structure in which the protein is coiled in the form of a helix with hydrogen bonds between C “O and N ¬H groups on adjacent turns. (Section 24.7)
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electron capture
A mode of radioactive decay in which an inner-shell orbital electron is captured by the nucleus. (Section 21.1)
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Fatty acid
A long, unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most commonly of 12 to 20 carbons, derived from the hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or the phospholipids of biological membranes.
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Gibbs free energy (G)
The ultimate arbiter of the spontaneity of a reaction, where DG = DH - T DS.
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heat capacity
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of matter by 1 °C (or 1 K). (Section 5.5)
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Hydrophobic effect
The tendency of nonpolar groups to cluster so as to shield them from contact with an aqueous environment.
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ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom when the atom is in its ground state. (Section 7.4)
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Low-resolution mass spectrometry
Instrumentation that is capable of separating only ions that differ in mass by 1 or more amu.
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mass spectrometer
A device inwhich a compound is first vaporized and convertedinto ions, which are then separated anddetected.
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Mass spectrometry
An analytical technique for measuring the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions.
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microstate
The state of a system at a particular instant; one of many possible energetically equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state. (Section 19.3)
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nucleophilic acyl substitution
A reaction in which a nucleophile attacks a carboxylic acid derivative.
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Nucleophilic substitution
Any reaction in which one nucleophile is substituted for another at a tetravalent carbon atom.
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Phenyl group
A group derived by removing an H from benzene; abbreviated C6H5! or Ph!.
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physiological pH
The pH of blood (approximately 7.3).
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precision
The closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement. (Section 1.5)
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Principle of microscopic reversibility
This principle states that the sequence of transition states and reactive intermediates in the mechanism of any reversible reaction must be the same, but in reverse order, for the reverse reaction as for the forward reaction
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secondary alkyl halide
An organohalide in which the alpha (a) position is connected to exactly two alkyl groups.
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symmetry allowed
A reaction that obeys conservation of orbital symmetry.
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Z (Section 5.2C)
From the German, zusammen, meaning opposite. Specifi es that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on the same side