Solutions for Chapter 18: Introductory Chemistry 5th Edition

Any substituent on a benzene ring that causes the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution to be greater than that for benzene.

A substituent lacking p bonds and comprised of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A carbon adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

A copolymer that contains an alternating distribution of repeating units.

A compound that contains at least one amino group and at least one carboxyl group. (25.3)

Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical reactions. (Section 1.3)

The area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which chemical reactions occur. (Chapter 14: Introduction)

A chemical reaction that proceeds with evolution of heat and usually also a flame; most combustion involves reaction with oxygen, as in the burning of a match. (Section 3.2)

A phenomenon observed most commonly for nonequivalent protons connected to adjacent carbon atoms in which the multiplicity of each signal is affected by the other.

Saturated hydrocarbons of general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms form a closed ring. (Section 24.2)

Protein that does not exhibit normal biological activities. (25.3)

A bimolecular eliminationreaction.eclipsed conformation (Sect. 4.7): A conformationin which groups are eclipsing each other in aNewman projection.

A bimolecular b-elimination reaction.

The equilibrium established between reactant and product substances that are all in the same phase. (Section 15.4)

A naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon. (Section 5.8)

Valence electrons not involved in forming covalent bonds. Also called unshared pairs or lone pairs.

The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture. (Section 10.6)

A method for preparing substituted amines by treating an aldehyde or ketone with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent

Compounds with the following structure: R!C#C!H

A reagent used to perform a Wittig reaction.