Solutions for Chapter 18: Introductory Chemistry 5th Edition

Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n12, where n 5 1,2, . . . . (24.2)

A copolymer that contains an alternating distribution of repeating units.

The equilibrium constant for the base ionization. (15.6)

A compound that can serve as a proton acceptor.

A conjugated diene or carbonyl is one in which the double bonds are separated by one single bond

A monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the !OH on its penultimate carbon to the right.

An elimination reaction involving the loss of H and a halogen (such as Cl, Br, or I).

Atoms or groups on an atom that are bonded to an atom that is bonded to two nonidentical groups, one of which contains a chiral center. When one of the atoms or groups is replaced by another group, a new chiral center is created and a set of diastereomers results. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of 2-butanol, for example, are diastereotopic. Diastereotopic groups have different chemical shifts under all conditions

A reaction characterized by the addition of two hydroxyl groups (OH) across an alkene.

The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest. (Section 5.6)

A property that is independent of the amount of material considered, for example, density. (Section 1.3)

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent; abbreviated m. (Section 13.4)

An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom; it has approximately the same mass as a proton. (Section 2.3)

An organohalide in which the alpha (a) position is connected to only one alkyl group.

A term used to designate the configuration of a chirality center, determined in the following way: Each of the four groups is assigned a priority, and the molecule is then rotated (if necessary) so that the #4 group is directed behind the page (on a dash). A clockwise sequence for 1-2-3 is designated as R.

During a reaction, when the configuration of a chirality center remains unchanged.

A voltaic cell that can be recharged. (Section 20.7)

Common name for silicon dioxide. (Section 22.4)

A process that is capable of proceeding in a given direction, as written or described, without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. A process may be spontaneous even though it is very slow. (Section 19.1)

A group of intermolecular attractive forces including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole (dispersion) forces