- 9.49E: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each element (or famil...
- 9.50E: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the compound that form...
- 9.51E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule.a. PH3b. SCl2c. HId. CH4
- 9.52E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule.a. NF3b. HBrc. SBr2d. CCl4
- 9.53E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule.a. SF2b. SiH4c. HCOOH (...
- 9.54E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule.a. CH2Ob. C2 Cl4c. CH3N...
- 9.55E: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.56E: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.58E: Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the dip...
- 9.57E: Draw the Lewis structure for CO with an arrow representing the dipo...
- 9.59E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion.a. CI4b. N2Oc. S...
- 9.60E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion.a. H3COHb. OH-c....
- 9.61E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion.a. N2H2b. N2H4c....
- 9.62E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion.a. H3COCH3b. CNc...
- 9.63E: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecule...
- 9.64E: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each ion. Inc...
- 9.65E: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.66E: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.67E:
- 9.68E: In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the oxygen atom is termina...
- 9.69E: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for the a...
- 9.70E: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for methy...
- 9.71E: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.72E: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.73E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.74E: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.79E: Order these compounds in order of increasing carbon–carbon bond str...
- 9.82E: Ethanol is a possible fuel. Use average bond energies to calculate ...
- 9.111E: The heat of atomization is the heat required to convert a molecule ...
- 9.113E: A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is 7.743% hydrogen ...
- 9.112E: Calculate the heat of atomization (see previous problem) of C2H3 Cl...
- 9.114E: A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is 85.5% chlorine b...
- 9.115E: The main component of acid rain (H2SO4) forms from SO2 pollutant in...
- 9.116E: A 0.167 g sample of an unknown acid requires 27.8 mL of 0.100 M NaO...
- 9.117E: Use the dipole moments of HF and HCl (given at the end of the probl...
- 9.118E: Use average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of fo...
- 9.119E: The standard state of phosphorus at 250C is P4. This molecule has f...
- 9.120E: The standard heat of formation of CaBr2 is -675 kJ/mol. The first i...
- 9.121E: The standard heat of formation of PI3(s) is -24.7 kJ/mol and the PI...
- 9.122E: A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not contain any double or ...
- 9.123E: Find the oxidation number of each sulfur in the molecule H2S4, whic...
- 9.124E: Ionic solids of the O- and O3- anions do not exist, while ionic sol...
- 9.125E: The standard state of sulfur is solid rhombic sulfur. Use the appro...
- 9.126E: Which statement is true of an endothermic reaction?a. Strong bonds ...
- 9.127E: When a firecracker explodes, energy is obviously released. The comp...
- 9.128E: A fundamental difference between compounds containing ionic bonds a...
- 9.129E: In the very first chapter of this book, we described the scientific...
- 9.1E: Why are bonding theories important? Provide some examples of what b...
- 9.1: How does Gay Talese create a picture of Joe DiMaggio at loose ends ...
- 9.1SAQ: Which pair of elements is most likely to form an ionic bond?a) nitr...
- 9.2: What does Talese tell us about the position of sports in American p...
- 9.2E: Why do chemical bonds form? What basic forces are involved in bonding?
- 9.3: Talese describes DiMaggio as a kind of male Garbo, referring to the...
- 9.2SAQ: Which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electroneg...
- 9.4: Talese has said that his work is a highly personal response to the ...
- 9.3E: What are the three basic types of chemical bonds? What happens to e...
- 9.5: Why is spring the silent season? Consider the title from the perspe...
- 9.3SAQ: Which is the correct Lewis structure for magnesium bromide?
- 9.4E: How do you determine how many dots to put around the Lewis symbol o...
- 9.4SAQ: Which compound is likely to have an incomplete octet?a) NH3b) SO3c)...
- 9.5E: Describe the octet rule in the Lewis model.
- 9.5SAQ: Which compound has the highest magnitude of lattice energy?
- 9.6E: According to the Lewis model, what is a chemical bond?
- 9.6: Talese suggests but doesnt come out and say that Joe DiMaggio and M...
- 9.6SAQ: Which set of compounds is arranged in order of increasing magnitude...
- 9.7: Several parts of the essay espe cially paragraphs 3 and 41 evoke He...
- 9.7E: How do you draw an ionic Lewis structure?
- 9.13: How does the ionic bonding model explain the relatively high meltin...
- 9.8: What is the overall tone of the essay? How does Talese achieve his ...
- 9.7SAQ: Which pair of atoms forms the most polar bond?a) N and Ob) C and Oc...
- 9.14: How does the ionic bonding model explain the nonconductivity of ion...
- 9.9: Talese notes that sportswriters have called DiMaggio an immortal (p...
- 9.8E: How can Lewis structures be used to determine the formula of ionic ...
- 9.9.15: An ionic bond is formed between a cation A1 and an anion B2. How wo...
- 9.15: Within a covalent Lewis structure, what is the difference between l...
- 9.10: Explain the assumptions Talese makes about his audience based on hi...
- 9.8SAQ: Which pair of atoms forms a nonpolar covalent bond?a) C and Sb) C a...
- 9.9.16: Give the empirical formulas and names of the compounds formed from ...
- 9.16: In what ways are double and triple covalent bonds different from si...
- 9.9E: What is lattice energy?
- 9.9.17: Use Lewis dot symbols to show the transfer of electrons between the...
- 9.17: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for why certa...
- 9.9SAQ: Which is the correct Lewis structure for nitrogen trifluoride?
- 9.9.18: Write the Lewis dot symbols of the reactants and products in the fo...
- 9.18: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for the relat...
- 9.10E: Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from solid sodium and...
- 9.9.19: For each of the following pairs of elements, state whether the bina...
- 9.19: What is electronegativity? What are the periodic trends in electron...
- 9.10SAQ: Which is the correct Lewis structure for ?
- 9.9.2: For each of the following pairs of elements, state whether the bina...
- 9.20: Explain the difference between a pure covalent bond, a polar covale...
- 9.19E: What is electronegativity? What are the periodic trends in electron...
- 9.11E: What is the Born–Haber cycle? List each of the steps in the cycle a...
- 9.9.21: What is lattice energy and what role does it play in the stability ...
- 9.21: Explain what is meant by the percent ionic character of a bond. Do ...
- 9.11SAQ: Determine the formal charge of nitrogen in this structure. a) +1b) ...
- 9.9.22: Explain how the lattice energy of an ionic compound such as KCl can...
- 9.22: What is a dipole moment?
- 9.12E: How does lattice energy relate to ionic radii? To ion charge?
- 9.9.23: Specify which compound in the following pairs of ionic compounds ha...
- 9.23: What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed by separating a p...
- 9.12SAQ: A Lewis structure for the acetate ion is shown here: Which structur...
- 9.9.24: Compare the stability (in the solid state) of the following pairs o...
- 9.24: What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent Lewis structure?
- 9.13E: How does the ionic bonding model explain the relatively high meltin...
- 9.9.25: Use the Born-Haber cycle outlined in Section 9.3 for LiF to calcula...
- 9.25: How do you determine the number of electrons that go into the Lewis...
- 9.13SAQ: Use formal charge to choose the best Lewis structure for CH3SOCH3 .
- 9.9.26: Calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride given that the hea...
- 9.26: What are resonance structures? What is a resonance hybrid?
- 9.14E: How does the ionic bonding model explain the non conductivity of io...
- 9.9.27: What is Lewiss contribution to our understanding of the covalent bond?
- 9.27: Do resonance structures always contribute equally to the overall st...
- 9.14SAQ: Use bond energies to determine for the reaction between ethanol and...
- 9.9.28: Use an example to illustrate each of the following terms: lone pair...
- 9.28: What is formal charge? How is formal charge calculated? How is it h...
- 9.15E: Within a covalent Lewis structure, what is the difference between l...
- 9.9.29: What is the difference between a Lewis dot symbol and a Lewis struc...
- 9.29: Why does the octet rule have exceptions? Give the three major categ...
- 9.15SAQ: Consider the halogenation of ethene, where X is a generic halogen: ...
- 9.9.3: How many lone pairs are on the underlined atoms in these compounds?...
- 9.30: What elements can have expanded octets? What elements should never ...
- 9.16E: In what ways are double and triple covalent bonds different from si...
- 9.9.31: Compare single, double, and triple bonds in a molecule, and give an...
- 9.31: What is bond energy? How can you use average bond energies to calcu...
- 9.17E: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for why certa...
- 9.9.32: Compare the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
- 9.32: Explain the difference between endothermic reactions and exothermic...
- 9.18E: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for the relat...
- 9.9.33: Define electronegativity, and explain the difference between electr...
- 9.33: What is the electron sea model for bonding in metals?
- 9.32E: Explain the difference between endothermic reactions and exothermic...
- 9.34: How does the electron sea model explain the conductivity of metals?...
- 9.9.34: What is a polar covalent bond? Name two compounds that contain one ...
- 9.33E: What is the electron sea model for bonding in metals?
- 9.20E: Explain the difference between a pure covalent bond, a polar covale...
- 9.35: Write an electron configuration for N. Then write a Lewis symbol fo...
- 9.9.35: List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: th...
- 9.34E: How does the electron sea model explain the conductivity of metals?...
- 9.21E: Explain what is meant by the percent ionic character of a bond. Do ...
- 9.36: Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write a Lewis symbol f...
- 9.9.36: Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character:...
- 9.35E: Write an electron configuration for N. Then write a Lewis symbol fo...
- 9.22E: What is a dipole moment?
- 9.37: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. Al b. Na+ c. Cl d. Cl
- 9.36E: Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write a Lewis symbol f...
- 9.9.37: Four atoms are arbitrarily labeled D, E, F, and G. Their electroneg...
- 9.23E: What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed by separating a p...
- 9.38: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. S2- b. Mg c. Mg2+ d. P
- 9.9.38: List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: ce...
- 9.24E: What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent Lewis structure?
- 9.39: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.9.39: Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or covalent,...
- 9.25E: How do you determine the number of electrons that go into the Lewis...
- 9.40: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.9.4: Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or covalent,...
- 9.26E: What are resonance structures? What is a resonance hybrid?
- 9.41: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.9.41: Summarize the essential features of the Lewis octet rule. The octet...
- 9.27E: Do resonance structures always contribute equally to the overall st...
- 9.42: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.9.42: Explain the concept of formal charge. Do formal charges represent a...
- 9.28E: What is formal charge? How is formal charge calculated? How is it h...
- 9.43: Explain the trend in the lattice energies of the alkaline earth met...
- 9.9.43: Write Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) NC...
- 9.29E: Why does the octet rule have exceptions? Give the three major categ...
- 9.44: Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of -617 kJ/mol, while potassiu...
- 9.9.44: Write Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) OF...
- 9.30E: What elements can have expanded octets? What elements should never ...
- 9.45: The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas that of BaO is -3...
- 9.31E: What is bond energy? How can you use average bond energies to calcu...
- 9.46: Arrange these compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice...
- 9.9.46: Write Lewis structures for the following ions: (a) O22 2 , (b) C22 ...
- 9.9.47: The following Lewis structures for (a) HCN, (b) C2H2, (c) SnO2, (d)...
- 9.47: Use the BornHaber cycle and data from Appendix IIB, and Chapter 8 a...
- 9.9.48: The skeletal structure of acetic acid shown below is correct, but s...
- 9.48: Use the BornHaber cycle and data from Appendix IIBand Table 9.3 to ...
- 9.9.49: Define bond length, resonance, and resonance structure. What are th...
- 9.49: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each element (or famil...
- 9.9.5: Is it possible to trap a resonance structure of a compound for stud...
- 9.50: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the compound that form...
- 9.9.51: Write Lewis structures for the following species, including all res...
- 9.51: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. PH3 b. SCl2 c. HI d...
- 9.9.52: Draw three resonance structures for the chlorate ion, ClO3 2. Show ...
- 9.37E: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion.a. Alb. Na+c. Cld. Cl-
- 9.52: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. NF3 b. HBr c. SBr2 ...
- 9.9.53: Write three resonance structures for hydrazoic acid, HN3. The atomi...
- 9.38E: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion.a. S2-b. Mgc. Mg2+d. P
- 9.53: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. SF 2 b. SiH 4 c. HC...
- 9.9.54: Draw two resonance structures for diazomethane, CH2N2. Show formal ...
- 9.39E: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.54: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. CH 2 O b. C 2 Cl 4 ...
- 9.9.55: Draw three resonance structures for the molecule N2O3 (atomic arran...
- 9.40E: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.55: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.9.56: Draw three reasonable resonance structures for the OCN2 ion. Show f...
- 9.41E: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.56: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.9.57: Why does the octet rule not hold for many compounds containing elem...
- 9.42E: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.57: Draw the Lewis structure for CO with an arrow representing the dipo...
- 9.9.58: Give three examples of compounds that do not satisfy the octet rule...
- 9.43E: Explain the trend in the lattice energies of the alkaline earth met...
- 9.58: Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the dip...
- 9.44E: Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of -617 kJ/mol, while potassiu...
- 9.9.59: Because fluorine has seven valence electrons (2s 2 2p5 ), seven cov...
- 9.59: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. CI4 b. N2O c...
- 9.45E: The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas that of BaO is -3...
- 9.9.6: What is a coordinate covalent bond? Is it different from a normal c...
- 9.60: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COH b. OH-...
- 9.46E: Arrange these compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice...
- 9.9.61: The AlI3 molecule has an incomplete octet around Al. Draw three res...
- 9.61: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. N2H2 b. N2H4...
- 9.47E: Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from Appendix IIB, and Chapter 8 ...
- 9.9.62: In the vapor phase, beryllium chloride consists of discrete BeCl2 m...
- 9.62: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COCH3 b. C...
- 9.48E: Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from Appendix IIB and Table 9.3 t...
- 9.9.63: Of the noble gases, only Kr, Xe, and Rn are known to form a few com...
- 9.63: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecule...
- 9.9.64: Write a Lewis structure for SbCl5. Does this molecule obey the octe...
- 9.64: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each ion. Inc...
- 9.9.65: Write Lewis structures for SeF4 and SeF6. Is the octet rule satisfi...
- 9.65: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.9.66: Write Lewis structures for the reaction AlCl3 1 Cl2 AlCl4 2 What ki...
- 9.66: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.9.67: What is bond enthalpy? Bond enthalpies of polyatomic molecules are ...
- 9.67: How important is this resonance structure to the overall structure ...
- 9.9.68: Explain why the bond enthalpy of a molecule is usually defined in t...
- 9.68: In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the oxygen atom is termina...
- 9.9.69: From the following data, calculate the average bond enthalpy for th...
- 9.69: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for the a...
- 9.9.7: For the reaction O(g) 1 O2(g) O3(g) H 5 2107.2 kJ/mol Calculate the...
- 9.70: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for methy...
- 9.9.71: The bond enthalpy of F2(g) is 156.9 kJ/mol. Calculate Hf for F(g).
- 9.71: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.9.72: For the reaction 2C2H6(g) 1 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) 1 6H2O(g) (a) Predict th...
- 9.72: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.9.73: Classify the following substances as ionic compounds or covalent co...
- 9.73: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.9.74: Which of the following are ionic compounds? Which are covalent comp...
- 9.74: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.9.75: Match each of the following energy changes with one of the processe...
- 9.75: Write the Lewis structure for each ion. Include resonance structure...
- 9.9.76: The formulas for the fluorides of the third-period elements are NaF...
- 9.75E: Write the Lewis structure for each ion. Include resonance structure...
- 9.76: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Include resonance ...
- 9.9.77: Use ionization energy (see Table 8.2) and electron affinity values ...
- 9.76E: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Include resonance ...
- 9.77: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.9.78: Describe some characteristics of an ionic compound such as KF that ...
- 9.77E: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.78: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.9.79: Write Lewis structures for BrF3, ClF5, and IF7. Identify those in w...
- 9.78E: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.79: Order these compounds in order of increasing carboncarbon bond stre...
- 9.9.8: Write three reasonable resonance structures for the azide ion N2 3 ...
- 9.80: Which of these compounds has the stronger nitrogennitrogen bond? Th...
- 9.80E: Which of these compounds has the stronger nitrogen–nitrogen bond? T...
- 9.9.81: The amide group plays an important role in determining the structur...
- 9.81: Hydrogenation reactions are used to add hydrogen across double bond...
- 9.81E: Hydrogenation reactions are used to add hydrogen across double bond...
- 9.9.82: Give an example of an ion or molecule containing Al that (a) obeys ...
- 9.82: Ethanol is a possible fuel. Use average bond energies to calculate ...
- 9.9.83: Draw four reasonable resonance structures for the PO3F22 ion. The c...
- 9.83: Hydrogen, a potential future fuel, can be produced from carbon (fro...
- 9.83E: Hydrogen, a potential future fuel, can be produced from carbon (fro...
- 9.9.84: Attempts to prepare the compounds listed here as stable species und...
- 9.84: In the Chemistry and the Environment box on free radicals in this c...
- 9.84E: In the Chemistry and the Environment box on free radicals in this c...
- 9.9.85: Draw reasonable resonance structures for the following ions: (a) HS...
- 9.85: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.86: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.9.86: Are the following statements true or false? (a) Formal charges repr...
- 9.87: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.9.87: A rule for drawing plausible Lewis structures is that the central a...
- 9.88: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.9.88: Using the following information and the fact that the average CH bo...
- 9.89: Carbon ring structures are common in organic chemistry. Draw a Lewi...
- 9.9.89: Based on energy considerations, which of the following reactions wi...
- 9.9.9: Which of the following molecules has the shortest nitrogen-to-nitro...
- 9.90: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The simplest amino...
- 9.9.91: Most organic acids can be represented as RCOOH, where COOH is the c...
- 9.91: Formic acid is responsible for the sting of ant bites. By mass, for...
- 9.9.92: Which of the following species are isoelectronic? NH4 1, C6H6, CO, ...
- 9.92: Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive compound because it r...
- 9.9.93: The following species have been detected in interstellar space: (a)...
- 9.93: The reaction of Fe2O3(s) with Al(s) to form Al2O3(s) and Fe(s) is c...
- 9.9.94: The amide ion, NH2 2, is a Brnsted base. Represent the reaction bet...
- 9.93AE: 93AE
- 9.94: NaCl has a lattice energy of -787 kJ/mol. Consider a hypothetical s...
- 9.9.95: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules: (a) tetr...
- 9.95: Draw the Lewis structure for nitric acid (the hydrogen atom is atta...
- 9.9.96: The triiodide ion (I2 3 ) in which the I atoms are arranged in a st...
- 9.96: Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas used as a chemical weapon durin...
- 9.9.97: Compare the bond enthalpy of F2 with the energy change for the foll...
- 9.96AE: 96AE
- 9.97: The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion (CNO-) share the same ...
- 9.9.98: Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is used to make certain pesticides. In D...
- 9.97AE: 97AE
- 9.98: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.99: The chlorine nitrate molecule (ClONO2) is believed to be involved i...
- 9.99: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.1: Several resonance structures for the molecule CO2 are shown next. E...
- 9.85E: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.100: Use Lewis structures to explain why Br3 - and I3 - are stable, whil...
- 9.9.101: For each of the following organic molecules draw a Lewis structure ...
- 9.86E: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.100AE: 100AE
- 9.101: Draw the Lewis structure for HCSNH2. (The carbon and nitrogen atoms...
- 9.9.102: Draw Lewis structures for the following chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),...
- 9.87E: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.101AE: 101AE
- 9.102: Draw the Lewis structure for urea, H2NCONH2, one of the compounds r...
- 9.9.103: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules. In each ...
- 9.88E: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.103: Some theories of aging suggest that free radicals cause certain dis...
- 9.89E: Carbon ring structures are common in organic chemistry. Draw a Lewi...
- 9.9.104: Calculate H for the reaction H2(g) 1 I2(g) 2HI(g) using (a) Equatio...
- 9.104: Free radicals are important in many environmentally significant rea...
- 9.90E: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The simplest amino...
- 9.9.105: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules: (a) meth...
- 9.104AE: 104AE
- 9.105: If hydrogen were used as a fuel, it could be burned according to th...
- 9.91E: Formic acid is responsible for the sting of ant bites. By mass, for...
- 9.9.106: Write Lewis structures for the following four isoelectronic species...
- 9.105AE: 105AE
- 9.106: Calculate Hrxn for the combustion of octane (C8H18), a component of...
- 9.92E: Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive compound because it r...
- 9.9.107: Oxygen forms three types of ionic compounds in which the anions are...
- 9.106AE: 106AE
- 9.107: Draw Lewis structures for each compound. a. Cl2O7 (no CliCl bond) b...
- 9.93E: The reaction of Fe2O3(s) with Al(s) to form Al2O3(s) and Fe(s) is c...
- 9.9.108: Comment on the correctness of the statement, All compounds containi...
- 9.107AE: 107AE
- 9.108: The azide ion, N3 - , is a symmetrical ion, all of whose contributi...
- 9.94E: NaCl has a lattice energy of -787 kJ/mol. Consider a hypothetical s...
- 9.9.109: Write three resonance structures for (a) the cyanate ion (NCO2) and...
- 9.108AE: 108AE
- 9.109: List the following gas-phase ion pairs in order of the quantity of ...
- 9.110: Calculate H for the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g)h 2 HBr(g) using the bon...
- 9.95E: Draw the Lewis structure for nitric acid (the hydrogen atom is atta...
- 9.9.11: (a) From the following data calculate the bond enthalpy of the F2 2...
- 9.111: The heat of atomization is the heat required to convert a molecule ...
- 9.96E: Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas used as a chemical weapon durin...
- 9.9.111: The resonance concept is sometimes described by analogy to a mule, ...
- 9.112: Calculate the heat of atomization (see previous problem) of C 2 H 3...
- 9.97E: The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion (CNO-) share the same ...
- 9.9.112: What are the other two reasons for choosing (b) in Example 9.7?
- 9.113: A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is 7.743% hydrogen ...
- 9.98E: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.113: In the Chemistry in Action essay on p. 397, nitric oxide is said to...
- 9.114: A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is 85.5% chlorine b...
- 9.99E: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.114: The NO bond distance in nitric oxide is 115 pm, which is intermedia...
- 9.115: The main component of acid rain (H2SO4) forms from SO2 pollutant in...
- 9.100E: Use Lewis structures to explain why Br3- and I3- are stable, while ...
- 9.9.115: Write the formulas of the binary hydride for the second-period elem...
- 9.116: A 0.167 g sample of an unknown acid requires 27.8 mL of 0.100 M NaO...
- 9.101E: Draw the Lewis structure for HCSNH2. (The carbon and nitrogen atoms...
- 9.9.116: Hydrazine borane, NH2NH2BH3, has been proposed as a hydrogen storag...
- 9.117: Use the dipole moments of HF and HCl (given at the end of the probl...
- 9.102E: Draw the Lewis structure for urea, H2NCONH2, one of the compounds r...
- 9.9.117: Although nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a stable compound, there is a te...
- 9.118: Use average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of fo...
- 9.103E: Some theories of aging suggest that free radicals cause certain dis...
- 9.9.118: Another possible skeletal structure for the CO22 3 (carbonate) ion ...
- 9.119: The standard state of phosphorus at 25C is P4. This molecule has fo...
- 9.104E: Free radicals are important in many environmentally significant rea...
- 9.9.119: Draw a Lewis structure for nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) in which each ...
- 9.120: The standard heat of formation of CaBr2 is -675 kJ/mol. The first i...
- 9.105E: If hydrogen were used as a fuel, it could be burned according to th...
- 9.9.12: In the gas phase, aluminum chloride exists as a dimer (a unit of tw...
- 9.121: The standard heat of formation of PI3(s) is -24.7 kJ/mol and the PI...
- 9.106E: Calculate for the combustion of octane (C8H18), a component of gaso...
- 9.9.121: in atmospheric chemistry. It is highly reactive and has a tendency ...
- 9.122: A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not contain any double or ...
- 9.107E: Draw Lewis structures for each compound.a. Cl2O7 (no Cl-Cl bond)b. ...
- 9.9.122: Experiments show that it takes 1656 kJ/mol to break all the bonds i...
- 9.123: Find the oxidation number of each sulfur in the molecule H2S4, whic...
- 9.108E: The azide ion, N3-, is a symmetrical ion, all of whose contributing...
- 9.9.123: Calculate Hrxn at 25C of the reaction between carbon monoxide and h...
- 9.124: Ionic solids of the O- and O3- anions do not exist, while ionic sol...
- 9.109E: List the following gas-phase ion pairs in order of the quantity of ...
- 9.9.124: Calculate Hrxn at 25C of the reaction between ethylene and chlorine...
- 9.125: The standard state of sulfur is solid rhombic sulfur. Use the appro...
- 9.110E: Calculate of HBr(g) is not equal to one-half of the value calculate...
- 9.9.125: Draw three resonance structures of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Indicate t...
- 9.126: Which statement is true of an endothermic reaction? a. Strong bonds...
- 9.9.126: Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl) differs from ethylene (C2H4) in that one of...
- 9.127: When a firecracker explodes, energy is obviously released. The comp...
- 9.9.127: In 1998 scientists using a special type of electron microscope were...
- 9.128: A fundamental difference between compounds containing ionic bonds a...
- 9.9.128: The American chemist Robert S. Mulliken suggested a different defin...
- 9.129: In the very first chapter of this book, we described the scientific...
- 9.9.129: Among the common inhaled anesthetics are: halothane: CF3CHClBr enfl...
- 9.9.13: A student in your class claims that magnesium oxide actually consis...
- 9.9.131: Shown here is a skeletal structure of borazine (B3N3H6). Draw two r...
- 9.9.132: Calculate the wavelength of light needed to carry out the reaction ...
- 9.9.133: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the most important industrial chemical in th...
- 9.9.134: From the lattice energy of KCl in Table 9.1 and the ionization ener...
- 9.9.135: The species H3 1 is the simplest polyatomic ion. The geometry of th...
- 9.9.136: The bond enthalpy of the CN bond in the amide group of proteins (se...
- 9.9.137: In 1999 an unusual cation containing only nitrogen (N5 1) was prepa...
- 9.9.138: Nitroglycerin, one of the most commonly used explosives, has the fo...
- 9.9.139: Give a brief description of the medical uses of the following ionic...
- 9.9.14: Use Table 9.4 to estimate the bond enthalpy of the CC, NN, and OO b...
- 9.9.141: The isolated O22 ion is unstable so it is not possible to measure t...
- 9.9.142: When irradiated with light of wavelength 471.7 nm, the chlorine mol...
- 9.9.143: Recall from Chapter 8 that the product of the reaction between Xe(g...
- 9.9.144: The reaction between fluorine (F2) with ethane (C2H6) produces pred...
- 9.9.145: A new allotrope of oxygen, O4, has been reported. The exact structu...
- 9.9.146: Because bond formation is exothermic, when two gas-phase atoms come...
- 9.9.147: Estimate Hf for sodium astatide (NaAt) according to the equation Na...
- 9.11: Do your children have fears about going away to camp?
- 9.12: Antigone was very protective of Oedipus in Oedipus at Colonus.
- 9.EXERCISE 2: Identify the verbs and verbals in the following passages. Discuss h...
- 9.EXERCISE 3: Analyze the verbs in the opening paragraph of The Cruelest Sport (p...
- 9.EXERCISE 4: Count the verbs in one of the passages in Exercise 2. Then categori...
Solutions for Chapter 9: Sports
Full solutions for Chemistry: A Molecular Approach | 3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Solutions for Chapter 9
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This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, edition: 3. Chemistry: A Molecular Approach was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780321809247. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. Since 418 problems in chapter 9: Sports have been answered, more than 267032 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chapter 9: Sports includes 418 full step-by-step solutions.
Key Chemistry Terms and definitions covered in this textbook
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alkene
A compound that possesses a carbon-carbon double bond.
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amplitude.
The vertical distance from the middle of a wave to the peak or trough. (7.1)
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chelating agent.
A substance that forms complex ions with metal ions in solution. (23.3)
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Coulomb’s law.
The potential energy between two ions is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. (9.3)
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degenerate
A situation in which two or more orbitals have the same energy. (Section 6.7)
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disrotatory
In electrocyclicreactions, a type of rotation in which the orbitalsbeing used to form the new s bond must rotate in opposite directions (one rotates clockwise while the other rotates counterclockwise).
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enantiomerically pure
A substance that consists of a single enantiomer, and not its mirror image.
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Hammond’s postulate
The structure of the transition state for an exothermic step looks more like the reactants of that step than the products. Conversely, the structure of the transition state for an endothermic step looks more like the products of that step than the reactants.
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Lewis acid
A compound capable offunctioning as an electron pair acceptor.
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Lewis symbol (electron-dot symbol)
The chemical symbol for an element, with a dot for each valence electron. (Section 8.1)
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N terminus
For a peptide chain,the end that contains the amino group.
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photochemical reaction
A reaction that is performed with photochemical excitation (usually UV light).
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Polyunsaturated triglyceride
A triglyceride having several carbon-carbon double bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of its three fatty acids.
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Potential energy
The energy that can be released if given an opportunity
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pyrimidine
A compound that is similar in structure to pyridine but contains one extra nitrogen atom at the 3 position.
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rate equation
An equation thatdescribes the relationship between the rate of a reactionand the concentration of reactants.
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second-order reaction
A reaction in which the overall reaction order (the sum of the concentration- term exponents) in the rate law is 2. (Section 14.4)
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sp-hybridized
Atomic orbitals that are achieved by mathematically averaging one s orbital with only one p orbital to form two hybridized atomic orbitals.
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Tertiary structure of nucleic acids
The threedimensional arrangement of all atoms of a nucleic acid, commonly referred to as supercoiling
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Zaitsev product
The more substituted product (alkene) of an elimination reaction.