Solutions for Chapter 9: Sports

The positions that are adjacent to the vinylic positions of a carboncarbon double bond.

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated in the internuclear region. The energy of a bonding molecular orbital is lower than the energy of the separate atomic orbitals from which it forms. (Section 9.7)

In an NMR spectrum, the location of a signal, defined relative to the frequency of absorption of a reference compound, tetramethylsilane (TMS).

An assembly of a metal ion and the Lewis bases (ligands) bonded to it. (Section 17.5)

The energy difference between two sets of d orbitals in a metal atom when ligands are present. (23.5)

An imaginary network of points on which the repeating motif of a solid may be imagined to be laid down so that the structure of the crystal is obtained. The motif may be a single atom or a group of atoms. Each lattice point represents an identical environment in the crystal. (Section 12.2)

A crystal structure where the atoms are packed together as close as possible, and the close-packed layers of atoms adopt a three-layer repeating pattern that leads to a face-centered cubic unit cell. (Section 12.3)

The absence of two hydrogen atoms associated with a ring or a p bond.

A reaction in which the Gibbs free energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants. The position of equilibrium for an endergonic reaction favors starting materials

An acetal that is obtained by treating the cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide with an alcohol under acid-catalyzed conditions.

Compounds that contain only carbon, fluorine, and hydrogen (no chlorine).

A compound containing an !OOH group.

The total energy possessed by a system. When a system undergoes a change, the change in internal energy, ?E, is defined as the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: ?E = q + w. (Section 5.2)

For an amino acid, the specific pH at which the concentration of the zwitterionic form reaches its maximum value.

When signal splitting occurs in 1H NMR spectroscopy, the distance (in hertz) between the individual peaks of a signal.

A reagent used for allylic bromination to avoid a competing reaction in which bromine adds across the p bond.

A drawing style in which the CH bonds are not drawn explicitly, but all other bonds are drawn.

A material that can be formed into particular shapes by application of heat and pressure. (Section 12.8)

A solution in which undissolved solute and dissolved solute are in equilibrium. (Section 13.2)

A reagent used to perform a Wittig reaction.