Solutions for Chapter 9: Sports

Polymers that are formed via cationic addition, anionic addition, or free-radical addition.

A two-step process that achieves Markovnikov addition of an alcohol (H and OR) across an alkene. The product of this process is an ether.

Oxides and hydroxides that are only slightly soluble in water but that dissolve in either acidic or basic solutions. (Section 17.5)

An addition reaction in which a hydrogen atom is installed at the more substituted vinylic position and another group (such as a halogen) is installed at the less substituted vinylic position.

A law stating that at constant temperature, the product of the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas is a constant. (Section 10.3)

The pressure at which a gas at its critical temperature is converted to a liquid state. (Section 11.4)

A reaction in which two reactants add together in a single step to form a cyclic product. The best known of these is the Diels-Alder reaction

A term associatedwith the probability of finding an electron in aparticular region of space.

In mass spectrometry, when the molecular ion breaks apart into fragments.

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) that participate in a reaction.

A compound containing a halogen atom covalently bonded to an sp3 -hybridized carbon atom. Given the symbol R!X.

An ion formed by the addition of an electron to a hydrogen atom: H-. (Section 7.7)

An equation of state for gases that embodies Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and Avogadro’s hypothesis in the form PV = nRT. (Section 10.4)

A pair of unshared, or nonbonding, electrons.

A compound with molecular formula HONO.

The row of elements that lie in a horizontal row in the periodic table. (Section 2.5)

An imaginary plane passing through an object dividing it so that one half is the mirror image of the other half

The square root of the average of the squared speeds of the gas molecules in a gas sample. (Section 10.7)

A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount. (Section 4.1)

The energy required to pair an electron with another electron occupying an orbital. (Section 23.6)