Solutions for Chapter 9: Sports

A substance that yields hydrogen ions (H1) when dissolved in water. (2.7)

Compounds containing a nitrogen atom that is connected to one, two, or three alkyl or aryl groups.

Compounds formed from just two elements. (2.7)

The electrode at which reduction occurs. (18.2)

In NMR spectroscopy,protons or carbon atoms whose surrounding electron density is poor.

The circulation of electron density in the presence of an external magnetic field, which produces a local (induced) magnetic field that opposes the external magnetic field.

The capacity to do work or to transfer heat. (Section 5.1)

Important biological molecules that catalyze virtually all cellular processes.

The number of valence electrons in an isolated atom minus the number of electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure. (Section 8.5)

A CH2 group.

In NMR spectroscopy, if n is the number of neighboring protons, then the multiplicity will be n+1.

Members of group 8A in the periodic table. (Section 7.8)

A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom. (Section 4.4)

A property that a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons. A paramagnetic substance is drawn into a magnetic field. (Section 9.8)

A mathematical description of an electron that incorporates its wavelike properties.

The gain of electrons. Alternatively, either the gain of hydrogen, loss of oxygen, or both

The amount of time required for a compound to exit from a gas chromatograph.

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution. (Sections 4.2 and 13.2)

Strain that arises when nonbonded atoms separated by three bonds are forced from a staggered conformation to an eclipsed conformation. Torsional strain is also called eclipsed-interaction strain.

Electrons in the valence (outermost) shell of an atom.