- 9.110: Calculate H for the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g)h 2 HBr(g) using the bon...
- 9.9.47: The following Lewis structures for (a) HCN, (b) C2H2, (c) SnO2, (d)...
- 9.9.9: Which of the following molecules has the shortest nitrogen-to-nitro...
- 9.111: The heat of atomization is the heat required to convert a molecule ...
- 9.112: Calculate the heat of atomization (see previous problem) of C 2 H 3...
- 9.113: A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is 7.743% hydrogen ...
- 9.9.138: Nitroglycerin, one of the most commonly used explosives, has the fo...
- 9.114: A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is 85.5% chlorine b...
- 9.115: The main component of acid rain (H2SO4) forms from SO2 pollutant in...
- 9.116: A 0.167 g sample of an unknown acid requires 27.8 mL of 0.100 M NaO...
- 9.9.48: The skeletal structure of acetic acid shown below is correct, but s...
- 9.9.91: Most organic acids can be represented as RCOOH, where COOH is the c...
- 9.117: Use the dipole moments of HF and HCl (given at the end of the probl...
- 9.118: Use average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of fo...
- 9.9.139: Give a brief description of the medical uses of the following ionic...
- 9.119: The standard state of phosphorus at 25C is P4. This molecule has fo...
- 9.120: The standard heat of formation of CaBr2 is -675 kJ/mol. The first i...
- 9.121: The standard heat of formation of PI3(s) is -24.7 kJ/mol and the PI...
- 9.122: A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not contain any double or ...
- 9.9.49: Define bond length, resonance, and resonance structure. What are th...
- 9.9.14: Use Table 9.4 to estimate the bond enthalpy of the CC, NN, and OO b...
- 9.123: Find the oxidation number of each sulfur in the molecule H2S4, whic...
- 9.9.92: Which of the following species are isoelectronic? NH4 1, C6H6, CO, ...
- 9.124: Ionic solids of the O- and O3- anions do not exist, while ionic sol...
- 9.125: The standard state of sulfur is solid rhombic sulfur. Use the appro...
- 9.1E: Why are bonding theories important? Provide some examples of what b...
- 9.126: Which statement is true of an endothermic reaction? a. Strong bonds...
- 9.1SAQ: Which pair of elements is most likely to form an ionic bond?a) nitr...
- 9.127: When a firecracker explodes, energy is obviously released. The comp...
- 9.2SAQ: ?Which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electrone...
- 9.9.141: The isolated O22 ion is unstable so it is not possible to measure t...
- 9.128: A fundamental difference between compounds containing ionic bonds a...
- 9.2E: Why do chemical bonds form? What basic forces are involved in bonding?
- 9.9.5: Is it possible to trap a resonance structure of a compound for stud...
- 9.129: In the very first chapter of this book, we described the scientific...
- 9.3E: What are the three basic types of chemical bonds? What happens to e...
- 9.3SAQ: ?Which is the correct Lewis structure for magnesium bromide?
- 9.9.93: The following species have been detected in interstellar space: (a)...
- 9.4E: How do you determine how many dots to put around the Lewis symbol o...
- 9.5E: Describe the octet rule in the Lewis model.
- 9.4SAQ: ?Which compound is likely to have an incomplete octet? a) NH3 b) SO...
- 9.9.142: When irradiated with light of wavelength 471.7 nm, the chlorine mol...
- 9.5SAQ: ?Which compound has the highest magnitude of lattice energy? A) MgS...
- 9.6E: According to the Lewis model, what is a chemical bond?
- 9.7E: How do you draw an ionic Lewis structure?
- 9.6SAQ: ?Which set of compounds is arranged in order of increasing magnitud...
- 9.9.51: Write Lewis structures for the following species, including all res...
- 9.7SAQ: Which pair of atoms forms the most polar bond?a) N and Ob) C and Oc...
- 9.9.94: The amide ion, NH2 2, is a Brnsted base. Represent the reaction bet...
- 9.8E: How can Lewis structures be used to determine the formula of ionic ...
- 9.9.143: Recall from Chapter 8 that the product of the reaction between Xe(g...
- 9.8SAQ: Which pair of atoms forms a nonpolar covalent bond?a) C and Sb) C a...
- 9.9E: What is lattice energy?
- 9.9.52: Draw three resonance structures for the chlorate ion, ClO3 2. Show ...
- 9.9.95: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules: (a) tetr...
- 9.9SAQ: ?Which is the correct Lewis structure for nitrogen trif uoride?
- 9.10E: Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from solid sodium and...
- 9.10SAQ: ?Which is the correct Lewis structure for CO32-?]
- 9.11E: What is the Born–Haber cycle? List each of the steps in the cycle a...
- 9.9.144: The reaction between fluorine (F2) with ethane (C2H6) produces pred...
- 9.11SAQ: ?Determine the formal charge of nitrogen in this structure. a) +1 b...
- 9.12E: How does lattice energy relate to ionic radii? To ion charge?
- 9.9.96: The triiodide ion (I2 3 ) in which the I atoms are arranged in a st...
- 9.12SAQ: ?A Lewis structure for the acetate ion is shown here: Which structu...
- 9.9.53: Write three resonance structures for hydrazoic acid, HN3. The atomi...
- 9.13E: How does the ionic bonding model explain the relatively high meltin...
- 9.9.145: A new allotrope of oxygen, O4, has been reported. The exact structu...
- 9.13SAQ: ?Use formal charge to choose the best Lewis structure for CH3SOCH3.
- 9.14E: How does the ionic bonding model explain the non conductivity of io...
- 9.9.97: Compare the bond enthalpy of F2 with the energy change for the foll...
- 9.14SAQ: ?Use bond energies to determine ?Hrxn for the reaction between etha...
- 9.9.146: Because bond formation is exothermic, when two gas-phase atoms come...
- 9.15E: Within a covalent Lewis structure, what is the difference between l...
- 9.9.54: Draw two resonance structures for diazomethane, CH2N2. Show formal ...
- 9.15SAQ: ?Consider the halogenation of ethene, where X is a generic halogen:...
- 9.16E: In what ways are double and triple covalent bonds different from si...
- 9.17E: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for why certa...
- 9.18E: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for the relat...
- 9.9.98: Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is used to make certain pesticides. In D...
- 9.20E: Explain the difference between a pure covalent bond, a polar covale...
- 9.9.147: Estimate Hf for sodium astatide (NaAt) according to the equation Na...
- 9.21E: Explain what is meant by the percent ionic character of a bond. Do ...
- 9.22E: What is a dipole moment?
- 9.9.55: Draw three resonance structures for the molecule N2O3 (atomic arran...
- 9.23E: What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed by separating a p...
- 9.24E: What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent Lewis structure?
- 9.9.99: The chlorine nitrate molecule (ClONO2) is believed to be involved i...
- 9.25E: How do you determine the number of electrons that go into the Lewis...
- 9.26E: What are resonance structures? What is a resonance hybrid?
- 9.9.56: Draw three reasonable resonance structures for the OCN2 ion. Show f...
- 9.27E: Do resonance structures always contribute equally to the overall st...
- 9.28E: What is formal charge? How is formal charge calculated? How is it h...
- 9.29E: Why does the octet rule have exceptions? Give the three major categ...
- 9.9.57: Why does the octet rule not hold for many compounds containing elem...
- 9.30E: What elements can have expanded octets? What elements should never ...
- 9.31E: What is bond energy? How can you use average bond energies to calcu...
- 9.9.1: Several resonance structures for the molecule CO2 are shown next. E...
- 9.9.58: Give three examples of compounds that do not satisfy the octet rule...
- 9.37E: ?Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. Al b. Na+ c. Cl d. Cl-
- 9.38E: ?Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. S2- b. Mg c. Mg2+ d. P
- 9.9.101: For each of the following organic molecules draw a Lewis structure ...
- 9.39E: ?Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic comp...
- 9.40E: ?Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic comp...
- 9.9.15: An ionic bond is formed between a cation A1 and an anion B2. How wo...
- 9.41E: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.42E: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.9.102: Draw Lewis structures for the following chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),...
- 9.43E: ?Explain the trend in the lattice energies of the alkaline earth me...
- 9.44E: Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of -617 kJ/mol, while potassiu...
- 9.45E: The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas that of BaO is -3...
- 9.9.16: Give the empirical formulas and names of the compounds formed from ...
- 9.9.59: Because fluorine has seven valence electrons (2s 2 2p5 ), seven cov...
- 9.46E: Arrange these compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice...
- 9.47E: ?Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from Appendix IIB, and Chapter 8...
- 9.48E: ?Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from Appendix IIB and Table 9.3 ...
- 9.85E: ?Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certa...
- 9.86E: ?Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certa...
- 9.87E: ?Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic ...
- 9.9.6: What is a coordinate covalent bond? Is it different from a normal c...
- 9.9.103: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules. In each ...
- 9.88E: ?Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic ...
- 9.89E: ?Carbon ring structures are common in organic chemistry. Draw a Lew...
- 9.9.17: Use Lewis dot symbols to show the transfer of electrons between the...
- 9.90E: ?Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The simplest amin...
- 9.91E: Formic acid is responsible for the sting of ant bites. By mass, for...
- 9.92E: ?Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive compound because it ...
- 9.9.18: Write the Lewis dot symbols of the reactants and products in the fo...
- 9.93E: ?The reaction of Fe2O3(s) with Al(s) to form Al2O3(s) and Fe(s) is ...
- 9.9.61: The AlI3 molecule has an incomplete octet around Al. Draw three res...
- 9.9.104: Calculate H for the reaction H2(g) 1 I2(g) 2HI(g) using (a) Equatio...
- 9.94E: ?NaCl has a lattice energy of -787 kJ/mol. Consider a hypothetical ...
- 9.95E: Draw the Lewis structure for nitric acid (the hydrogen atom is atta...
- 9.96E: ?Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas used as a chemical weapon duri...
- 9.97E: ?The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion (CNO-) share the same...
- 9.98E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its conden...
- 9.9.19: For each of the following pairs of elements, state whether the bina...
- 9.9.105: Draw Lewis structures for the following organic molecules: (a) meth...
- 9.99E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its conden...
- 9.9.62: In the vapor phase, beryllium chloride consists of discrete BeCl2 m...
- 9.100E: ?Use Lewis structures to explain why Br3- and I3- are stable, while...
- 9.101E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for HCSNH2. (The carbon and nitrogen atom...
- 9.102E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for urea, H2NCONH2, one of the compounds ...
- 9.103E: ?Some theories of aging suggest that free radicals cause certain di...
- 9.9.106: Write Lewis structures for the following four isoelectronic species...
- 9.104E: ?Free radicals are important in many environmentally significant re...
- 9.105E: ?If hydrogen were used as a fuel, it could be burned according to t...
- 9.9.2: For each of the following pairs of elements, state whether the bina...
- 9.9.63: Of the noble gases, only Kr, Xe, and Rn are known to form a few com...
- 9.106E: ?Calculate rxn for the combustion of octane (C8H18), a component of...
- 9.107E: ?Draw Lewis structures for each compound. a. Cl2O7 (no Cl — Cl bond...
- 9.108E: ?The azide ion, N3-, is a symmetrical ion, all of whose contributin...
- 9.9.64: Write a Lewis structure for SbCl5. Does this molecule obey the octe...
- 9.109E: ?List the following gas-phase ion pairs in order of the quantity of...
- 9.9.21: What is lattice energy and what role does it play in the stability ...
- 9.110E: ?Calculate o for the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) 2 HBr(g) using the bon...
- 9.9.107: Oxygen forms three types of ionic compounds in which the anions are...
- 9.9.65: Write Lewis structures for SeF4 and SeF6. Is the octet rule satisfi...
- 9.9.22: Explain how the lattice energy of an ionic compound such as KCl can...
- 9.9.108: Comment on the correctness of the statement, All compounds containi...
- 9.9.66: Write Lewis structures for the reaction AlCl3 1 Cl2 AlCl4 2 What ki...
- 9.9.109: Write three resonance structures for (a) the cyanate ion (NCO2) and...
- 9.9.23: Specify which compound in the following pairs of ionic compounds ha...
- 9.9.67: What is bond enthalpy? Bond enthalpies of polyatomic molecules are ...
- 9.9.11: (a) From the following data calculate the bond enthalpy of the F2 2...
- 9.9.24: Compare the stability (in the solid state) of the following pairs o...
- 9.9.68: Explain why the bond enthalpy of a molecule is usually defined in t...
- 9.9.111: The resonance concept is sometimes described by analogy to a mule, ...
- 9.9.25: Use the Born-Haber cycle outlined in Section 9.3 for LiF to calcula...
- 9.9.112: What are the other two reasons for choosing (b) in Example 9.7?
- 9.9.69: From the following data, calculate the average bond enthalpy for th...
- 9.9.113: In the Chemistry in Action essay on p. 397, nitric oxide is said to...
- 9.9.26: Calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride given that the hea...
- 9.9.7: For the reaction O(g) 1 O2(g) O3(g) H 5 2107.2 kJ/mol Calculate the...
- 9.9.27: What is Lewiss contribution to our understanding of the covalent bond?
- 9.9.114: The NO bond distance in nitric oxide is 115 pm, which is intermedia...
- 9.9.71: The bond enthalpy of F2(g) is 156.9 kJ/mol. Calculate Hf for F(g).
- 9.9.115: Write the formulas of the binary hydride for the second-period elem...
- 9.9.28: Use an example to illustrate each of the following terms: lone pair...
- 9.9.116: Hydrazine borane, NH2NH2BH3, has been proposed as a hydrogen storag...
- 9.9.72: For the reaction 2C2H6(g) 1 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) 1 6H2O(g) (a) Predict th...
- 9.9.29: What is the difference between a Lewis dot symbol and a Lewis struc...
- 9.9.117: Although nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a stable compound, there is a te...
- 9.9.73: Classify the following substances as ionic compounds or covalent co...
- 9.9.118: Another possible skeletal structure for the CO22 3 (carbonate) ion ...
- 9.13: How does the ionic bonding model explain the relatively high meltin...
- 9.14: How does the ionic bonding model explain the nonconductivity of ion...
- 9.9.3: How many lone pairs are on the underlined atoms in these compounds?...
- 9.15: Within a covalent Lewis structure, what is the difference between l...
- 9.16: In what ways are double and triple covalent bonds different from si...
- 9.17: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for why certa...
- 9.9.31: Compare single, double, and triple bonds in a molecule, and give an...
- 9.18: How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding account for the relat...
- 9.9.74: Which of the following are ionic compounds? Which are covalent comp...
- 9.9.119: Draw a Lewis structure for nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) in which each ...
- 9.19: What is electronegativity? What are the periodic trends in electron...
- 9.20: Explain the difference between a pure covalent bond, a polar covale...
- 9.21: Explain what is meant by the percent ionic character of a bond. Do ...
- 9.22: What is a dipole moment?
- 9.9.12: In the gas phase, aluminum chloride exists as a dimer (a unit of tw...
- 9.23: What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed by separating a p...
- 9.24: What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent Lewis structure?
- 9.9.75: Match each of the following energy changes with one of the processe...
- 9.25: How do you determine the number of electrons that go into the Lewis...
- 9.26: What are resonance structures? What is a resonance hybrid?
- 9.9.32: Compare the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
- 9.27: Do resonance structures always contribute equally to the overall st...
- 9.9.76: The formulas for the fluorides of the third-period elements are NaF...
- 9.9.121: in atmospheric chemistry. It is highly reactive and has a tendency ...
- 9.28: What is formal charge? How is formal charge calculated? How is it h...
- 9.29: Why does the octet rule have exceptions? Give the three major categ...
- 9.30: What elements can have expanded octets? What elements should never ...
- 9.31: What is bond energy? How can you use average bond energies to calcu...
- 9.9.33: Define electronegativity, and explain the difference between electr...
- 9.32: Explain the difference between endothermic reactions and exothermic...
- 9.33: What is the electron sea model for bonding in metals?
- 9.34: How does the electron sea model explain the conductivity of metals?...
- 9.9.77: Use ionization energy (see Table 8.2) and electron affinity values ...
- 9.9.122: Experiments show that it takes 1656 kJ/mol to break all the bonds i...
- 9.35: Write an electron configuration for N. Then write a Lewis symbol fo...
- 9.36: Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write a Lewis symbol f...
- 9.37: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. Al b. Na+ c. Cl d. Cl
- 9.93AE: 93AE
- 9.9.34: What is a polar covalent bond? Name two compounds that contain one ...
- 9.38: Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. S2- b. Mg c. Mg2+ d. P
- 9.96AE: 96AE
- 9.49E: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each element (or famil...
- 9.9.123: Calculate Hrxn at 25C of the reaction between carbon monoxide and h...
- 9.39: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.97AE: 97AE
- 9.50E: ?Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the compound that for...
- 9.9.78: Describe some characteristics of an ionic compound such as KF that ...
- 9.40: Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in each ionic compo...
- 9.100AE: 100AE
- 9.51E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. PH3 b. SCl2 c. HI ...
- 9.41: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.101AE: 101AE
- 9.52E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. NF3 b. HBr c. SBr2...
- 9.42: Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for the compound that fo...
- 9.104AE: 104AE
- 9.53E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. SF2 b. SiH4 c. HCO...
- 9.9.124: Calculate Hrxn at 25C of the reaction between ethylene and chlorine...
- 9.43: Explain the trend in the lattice energies of the alkaline earth met...
- 9.105AE: 105AE
- 9.54E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. CH2O b. C2Cl4 c. C...
- 9.9.35: List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: th...
- 9.44: Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of -617 kJ/mol, while potassiu...
- 9.106AE: 106AE
- 9.55E: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.45: The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas that of BaO is -3...
- 9.107AE: 107AE
- 9.84E: ?In the Chemistry and the Environment box on free radicals in this ...
- 9.56E: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.46: Arrange these compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice...
- 9.108AE: 108AE
- 9.83E: ?Hydrogen, a potential future fuel, can be produced from carbon (fr...
- 9.58E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the di...
- 9.9.125: Draw three resonance structures of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Indicate t...
- 9.47: Use the BornHaber cycle and data from Appendix IIB, and Chapter 8 a...
- 9.81E: ?Hydrogenation reactions are used to add hydrogen across double bon...
- 9.57E: ?Draw the Lewis structure for CO with an arrow representing the dip...
- 9.9.79: Write Lewis structures for BrF3, ClF5, and IF7. Identify those in w...
- 9.48: Use the BornHaber cycle and data from Appendix IIBand Table 9.3 to ...
- 9.78E: ?Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octe...
- 9.59E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. CI4 b. N2O ...
- 9.49: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each element (or famil...
- 9.80E: ?Which of these compounds has the stronger nitrogen–nitrogen bond? ...
- 9.60E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COH b. OH...
- 9.9.36: Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character:...
- 9.50: Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the compound that form...
- 9.77E: ?Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octe...
- 9.61E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. N2H2 b. N2H...
- 9.9.8: Write three reasonable resonance structures for the azide ion N2 3 ...
- 9.9.126: Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl) differs from ethylene (C2H4) in that one of...
- 9.51: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. PH3 b. SCl2 c. HI d...
- 9.76E: ?Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Include resonance...
- 9.62E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COCH3 b. ...
- 9.52: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. NF3 b. HBr c. SBr2 ...
- 9.75E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each ion. Include resonance structur...
- 9.63E: ?Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecul...
- 9.53: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. SF 2 b. SiH 4 c. HC...
- 9.36E: Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write a Lewis symbol f...
- 9.64E: ?Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each ion. In...
- 9.9.37: Four atoms are arbitrarily labeled D, E, F, and G. Their electroneg...
- 9.54: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. CH 2 O b. C 2 Cl 4 ...
- 9.35E: Write an electron configuration for N. Then write a Lewis symbol fo...
- 9.65E: ?Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.55: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.34E: How does the electron sea model explain the conductivity of metals?...
- 9.66E: ?Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.9.127: In 1998 scientists using a special type of electron microscope were...
- 9.56: Determine whether a bond between each pair of atoms would be pure c...
- 9.33E: What is the electron sea model for bonding in metals?
- 9.67E: ?How important is this resonance structure to the overall structure...
- 9.57: Draw the Lewis structure for CO with an arrow representing the dipo...
- 9.32E: Explain the difference between endothermic reactions and exothermic...
- 9.68E: ?In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the oxygen atom is termin...
- 9.58: Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the dip...
- 9.19E: What is electronegativity? What are the periodic trends in electron...
- 9.69E: ?Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for the ...
- 9.59: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. CI4 b. N2O c...
- 9.70E: ?Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for meth...
- 9.9.38: List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: ce...
- 9.9.81: The amide group plays an important role in determining the structur...
- 9.60: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COH b. OH-...
- 9.71E: ?What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.9.128: The American chemist Robert S. Mulliken suggested a different defin...
- 9.61: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. N2H2 b. N2H4...
- 9.72E: ?What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.62: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion. a. H3COCH3 b. C...
- 9.73E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not follow...
- 9.63: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecule...
- 9.74E: ?Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not follow...
- 9.9.39: Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or covalent,...
- 9.64: Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each ion. Inc...
- 9.79E: ?Order these compounds in order of increasing carbon–carbon bond st...
- 9.9.82: Give an example of an ion or molecule containing Al that (a) obeys ...
- 9.65: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.82E: ?Ethanol is a possible fuel. Use average bond energies to calculate...
- 9.2: What does Talese tell us about the position of sports in American p...
- 9.66: Use formal charge to determine which Lewis structure is better:
- 9.111E: ?The heat of atomization is the heat required to convert a molecule...
- 9.3: Talese describes DiMaggio as a kind of male Garbo, referring to the...
- 9.67: How important is this resonance structure to the overall structure ...
- 9.113E: A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is 7.743% hydrogen ...
- 9.4: Talese has said that his work is a highly personal response to the ...
- 9.68: In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the oxygen atom is termina...
- 9.112E: ?Calculate the heat of atomization (see previous problem) of C2H3Cl...
- 9.69: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for the a...
- 9.114E: A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is 85.5% chlorine b...
- 9.6: Talese suggests but doesnt come out and say that Joe DiMaggio and M...
- 9.9.129: Among the common inhaled anesthetics are: halothane: CF3CHClBr enfl...
- 9.70: Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance structures) for methy...
- 9.115E: ?The main component of acid rain (H2SO4) forms from SO2 pollutant i...
- 9.7: Several parts of the essay espe cially paragraphs 3 and 41 evoke He...
- 9.9.83: Draw four reasonable resonance structures for the PO3F22 ion. The c...
- 9.9.13: A student in your class claims that magnesium oxide actually consis...
- 9.71: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.116E: A 0.167 g sample of an unknown acid requires 27.8 mL of 0.100 M NaO...
- 9.8: What is the overall tone of the essay? How does Talese achieve his ...
- 9.72: What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?
- 9.117E: ?Use the dipole moments of HF and HCl (given at the end of the prob...
- 9.9: Talese notes that sportswriters have called DiMaggio an immortal (p...
- 9.73: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.118E: ?Use average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of f...
- 9.10: Explain the assumptions Talese makes about his audience based on hi...
- 9.9.4: Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or covalent,...
- 9.74: Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet rule not followe...
- 9.119E: ?The standard state of phosphorus at 25C is P4. This molecule has f...
- 9.11: Do your children have fears about going away to camp?
- 9.75: Write the Lewis structure for each ion. Include resonance structure...
- 9.120E: ?The standard heat of formation of CaBr2 is -675 kJ/mol. The first ...
- 9.12: Antigone was very protective of Oedipus in Oedipus at Colonus.
- 9.9.131: Shown here is a skeletal structure of borazine (B3N3H6). Draw two r...
- 9.76: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Include resonance ...
- 9.121E: ?The standard heat of formation of PI3(s) is -24.7 kJ/mol and the P...
- 9.EXERCISE 2: Identify the verbs and verbals in the following passages. Discuss h...
- 9.9.41: Summarize the essential features of the Lewis octet rule. The octet...
- 9.77: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.122E: ?A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not contain any double or...
- 9.EXERCISE 3: Analyze the verbs in the opening paragraph of The Cruelest Sport (p...
- 9.9.84: Attempts to prepare the compounds listed here as stable species und...
- 9.78: Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion. Use expanded octet...
- 9.123E: ?Find the oxidation number of each sulfur in the molecule H2S4, whi...
- 9.EXERCISE 4: Count the verbs in one of the passages in Exercise 2. Then categori...
- 9.79: Order these compounds in order of increasing carboncarbon bond stre...
- 9.124E: ?Ionic solids of the O- and O3- anions do not exist, while ionic so...
- 9.80: Which of these compounds has the stronger nitrogennitrogen bond? Th...
- 9.125E: ?The standard state of sulfur is solid rhombic sulfur. Use the appr...
- 9.9.42: Explain the concept of formal charge. Do formal charges represent a...
- 9.9.132: Calculate the wavelength of light needed to carry out the reaction ...
- 9.81: Hydrogenation reactions are used to add hydrogen across double bond...
- 9.126E: Which statement is true of an endothermic reaction?a. Strong bonds ...
- 9.82: Ethanol is a possible fuel. Use average bond energies to calculate ...
- 9.127E: When a firecracker explodes, energy is obviously released. The comp...
- 9.9.85: Draw reasonable resonance structures for the following ions: (a) HS...
- 9.83: Hydrogen, a potential future fuel, can be produced from carbon (fro...
- 9.128E: A fundamental difference between compounds containing ionic bonds a...
- 9.84: In the Chemistry and the Environment box on free radicals in this c...
- 9.129E: In the very first chapter of this book, we described the scientific...
- 9.9.133: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the most important industrial chemical in th...
- 9.85: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.86: Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each compound. Make certai...
- 9.9.43: Write Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) NC...
- 9.87: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.88: Each compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Write ionic L...
- 9.89: Carbon ring structures are common in organic chemistry. Draw a Lewi...
- 9.9.86: Are the following statements true or false? (a) Formal charges repr...
- 9.90: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The simplest amino...
- 9.91: Formic acid is responsible for the sting of ant bites. By mass, for...
- 9.92: Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive compound because it r...
- 9.93: The reaction of Fe2O3(s) with Al(s) to form Al2O3(s) and Fe(s) is c...
- 9.9.87: A rule for drawing plausible Lewis structures is that the central a...
- 9.9.134: From the lattice energy of KCl in Table 9.1 and the ionization ener...
- 9.94: NaCl has a lattice energy of -787 kJ/mol. Consider a hypothetical s...
- 9.95: Draw the Lewis structure for nitric acid (the hydrogen atom is atta...
- 9.96: Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas used as a chemical weapon durin...
- 9.9.44: Write Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) OF...
- 9.97: The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion (CNO-) share the same ...
- 9.98: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.135: The species H3 1 is the simplest polyatomic ion. The geometry of th...
- 9.99: Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condens...
- 9.9.88: Using the following information and the fact that the average CH bo...
- 9.100: Use Lewis structures to explain why Br3 - and I3 - are stable, whil...
- 9.101: Draw the Lewis structure for HCSNH2. (The carbon and nitrogen atoms...
- 9.102: Draw the Lewis structure for urea, H2NCONH2, one of the compounds r...
- 9.103: Some theories of aging suggest that free radicals cause certain dis...
- 9.104: Free radicals are important in many environmentally significant rea...
- 9.9.46: Write Lewis structures for the following ions: (a) O22 2 , (b) C22 ...
- 9.9.136: The bond enthalpy of the CN bond in the amide group of proteins (se...
- 9.105: If hydrogen were used as a fuel, it could be burned according to th...
- 9.106: Calculate Hrxn for the combustion of octane (C8H18), a component of...
- 9.107: Draw Lewis structures for each compound. a. Cl2O7 (no CliCl bond) b...
- 9.108: The azide ion, N3 - , is a symmetrical ion, all of whose contributi...
- 9.9.89: Based on energy considerations, which of the following reactions wi...
- 9.9.137: In 1999 an unusual cation containing only nitrogen (N5 1) was prepa...
- 9.109: List the following gas-phase ion pairs in order of the quantity of ...
Solutions for Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model
Full solutions for Chemistry: A Molecular Approach | 3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Summary of Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model
This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, edition: 3. Chemistry: A Molecular Approach was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780321809247. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. Since 416 problems in chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model have been answered, more than 1252879 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model includes 416 full step-by-step solutions.
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alkali metals.
The Group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr). (2.4)
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alkoxide
The conjugate base of an alcohol.
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back-side attack
In SN2 reactions, the side opposite the leaving group, which is where the nucleophile attacks.
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Bond length
The distance between atoms in a covalent bond in picometers (pm; 1 pm 5 10212 m) or Å (1Å 5 10210 m).
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chemical changes
Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical reactions. (Section 1.3)
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chirality center
A tetrahedral carbon atom bearing four different groups.
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cyanohydrin
A compound containing a cyano group and a hydroxyl group connected to the same carbon atom.
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disulfide bridge
The group that is formed when two cysteine residues of a polypeptide or protein are joined together.
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halogens
Members of group 7A in the periodic table. (Section 7.8)
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hexagonal close packing
A crystal structure where the atoms are packed together as closely as possible. The close-packed layers adopt a two-layer repeating pattern, which leads to a primitive hexagonal unit cell. (Section 12.3)
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high-resolution mass spectrometry
A technique that involves the use of a detector that can measure the m/z values to four decimal places.This technique allows for the determination of the molecular formula of an unknown compound.
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hybridization
The mixing of different types of atomic orbitals to produce a set of equivalent hybrid orbitals. (Section 9.5)
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metalloids
Elements that lie along the diagonal line separating the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table; the properties of metalloids are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. (Section 2.5)
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miscible
Two liquids that can be mixed with each other in any proportion.
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mixture
A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity. (Section 1.2)
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peptide
A chain comprised of a small number of amino acid residues.
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primary structure
For proteins, the sequence of amino acid residues.
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Protecting group
Reversibly creating an unreactive group for the purpose of preventing a functional group from potentially reacting to give an unwanted product or products
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reverse osmosis
The process by which water molecules move under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. (Section 18.4)
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Zaitsev product
The more substituted product (alkene) of an elimination reaction.