Solutions for Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model

The Group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr). (2.4)

The conjugate base of an alcohol.

In SN2 reactions, the side opposite the leaving group, which is where the nucleophile attacks.

The distance between atoms in a covalent bond in picometers (pm; 1 pm 5 10212 m) or Å (1Å 5 10210 m).

Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical reactions. (Section 1.3)

A tetrahedral carbon atom bearing four different groups.

A compound containing a cyano group and a hydroxyl group connected to the same carbon atom.

The group that is formed when two cysteine residues of a polypeptide or protein are joined together.

Members of group 7A in the periodic table. (Section 7.8)

A crystal structure where the atoms are packed together as closely as possible. The close-packed layers adopt a two-layer repeating pattern, which leads to a primitive hexagonal unit cell. (Section 12.3)

A technique that involves the use of a detector that can measure the m/z values to four decimal places.This technique allows for the determination of the molecular formula of an unknown compound.

The mixing of different types of atomic orbitals to produce a set of equivalent hybrid orbitals. (Section 9.5)

Elements that lie along the diagonal line separating the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table; the properties of metalloids are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. (Section 2.5)

Two liquids that can be mixed with each other in any proportion.

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity. (Section 1.2)

A chain comprised of a small number of amino acid residues.

For proteins, the sequence of amino acid residues.

Reversibly creating an unreactive group for the purpose of preventing a functional group from potentially reacting to give an unwanted product or products

The process by which water molecules move under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. (Section 18.4)

The more substituted product (alkene) of an elimination reaction.